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Jacobs bogies (named after Wilhelm Jakobs,, 1858–1942, a German
mechanical Mechanical may refer to: Machine * Machine (mechanical), a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement * Mechanical calculator, a device used to perform the basic operations of ...
railway engineer Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of rail transport systems. It encompasses a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, compu ...
) are a type of
rail Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...
vehicle
bogie A bogie ( ) (in some senses called a truck in North American English) is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transp ...
commonly found on articulated railcars and tramway vehicles. Instead of being underneath a piece of rolling stock, Jacobs bogies are placed between two carriages. The weight of each carriage is spread across the Jacobs bogie. This arrangement provides the smooth ride of bogie carriages without the additional weight and drag. Some
Talgo Talgo (officially Patentes Talgo, SAU) is a Spanish manufacturer of intercity, standard, and high-speed passenger trains. Corporate history TALGO, an abbreviation of Tren Articulado Ligero Goicoechea Oriol (English: ''Lightweight articulated tra ...
trains use modified Jacobs bogies, that only use two wheels, and the wheels are allowed to spin independently of each other, eliminating
hunting oscillation Hunting oscillation is a self-oscillation, usually unwanted, about an equilibrium. The expression came into use in the 19th century and describes how a system "hunts" for equilibrium. The expression is used to describe phenomena in such diverse ...
.


Background

The first fast train using this type of bogie was the German
Fliegender Hamburger The DRG Class SVT 877 Hamburg Flyer – sometimes also Flying Hamburger or in German ''Fliegender Hamburger'' – was Germany's first fast diesel train, and is credited with establishing the fastest regular railway connection in the world in its ti ...
in 1932. In the United States, such configurations were used throughout the twentieth century with some success on early
streamlined Streamlines, streaklines and pathlines are field lines in a fluid flow. They differ only when the flow changes with time, that is, when the flow is not steady. Considering a velocity vector field in three-dimensional space in the framework of ...
passenger trainsets, such as the ''
Pioneer Zephyr The ''Pioneer Zephyr'' is a diesel-powered trainset built by the Budd Company in 1934 for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad (CB&Q), commonly known as the Burlington Route. The trainset was the second internal combustion-powered streaml ...
'' in 1934, various '' Southern Pacific Daylight'' articulated cars, and
Union Pacific Railroad The Union Pacific Railroad , legally Union Pacific Railroad Company and often called simply Union Pacific, is a freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans. Union Paci ...
's ''
M-10000 The M-10000 was an early American streamlined passenger trainset that operated for the Union Pacific Railroad from 1934 until 1941. It was the first streamlined passenger train to be delivered in the United States, and the second to enter regula ...
''. Dallas Area Rapid Transit rail trains originally used a center bogie in a two-car unit but these have been modified to add a lower center section for handicapped level entry making a 3-car unit with two Jacobs bogies. Vehicles featuring Jacobs bogies include the
Alstom Alstom SA is a French multinational rolling stock manufacturer operating worldwide in rail transport markets, active in the fields of passenger transportation, signalling, and locomotives, with products including the AGV, TGV, Eurostar, Avelia ...
-made
TGV The TGV (french: Train à Grande Vitesse, "high-speed train"; previously french: TurboTrain à Grande Vitesse, label=none) is France's intercity high-speed rail service, operated by SNCF. SNCF worked on a high-speed rail network from 1966 to 19 ...
,
KTX-I The KTX-I, also known as the TGV-K or Korail Class 100000, is a South Korean high speed train class based on the French TGV Réseau. The 20-car formation of the trainsets without restaurant car is optimized for high capacity. The 46 trainsets wer ...
,
KTX-Sancheon The KTX-Sancheon (formerly called the KTX-II) is a South Korean high-speed train built by Hyundai Rotem in the second half of the 2000s and operated by Korail since March 2009. With a top speed of , the KTX-Sancheon is the second commercial high- ...
and
Class 373 The British Rail Class 373 or TGV TMST, sometimes referred to as Eurostar e300, is a French designed and Anglo-French built electric multiple unit train that is used for Eurostar international high-speed rail services from the United Kingdom t ...
High speed trains, the
Bombardier Talent The Talent is a multiple unit railcar manufactured by Bombardier that was developed by Waggonfabrik Talbot in Aachen shortly before the company was acquired by Bombardier in 1995. The name ''Talent'' is an acronym in German for ''TALbot LEichte ...
series of multiple units, the LINT41, the Class 423
S-Bahn The S-Bahn is the name of hybrid urban- suburban rail systems serving a metropolitan region in German-speaking countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to rapid transit systems, while smaller ones often resemble co ...
vehicles, the Canadian CN Turbo-Trains, several
FLIRT Flirting or coquetry is a social and sexual behavior involving spoken or written communication, as well as body language. It is either to suggest interest in a deeper relationship with the other person or, if done playfully, for amusement. I ...
trains,
IC3 The IC3 (or class MF) is a Danish-built high-comfort medium/long distance diesel multiple-unit train. The sets were built by ABB Scandia (later purchased by Adtranz, which itself was subsequently acquired by Bombardier Transportation) in Rand ...
by Adtranz, the
JR Central is the main railway company operating in the Chūbu (Nagoya) region of central Japan. It is officially abbreviated in English as JR Central and in Japanese as JR Tōkai ( ja, JR東海, links=no). ''Tōkai'' is a reference to the geographical ...
L0 Series The is a high-speed maglev train that the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) is developing and testing. JR Central plans to use the L0 series on the Chūō Shinkansen railway line between Tokyo and Osaka, which is under construction ...
maglev and the Škoda ForCity tram. In Australia, Jacobs bogies were first used in 1984–85 on
B class Melbourne tram The B-class Melbourne tram is a class of two-section, three-bogie articulated class trams that operate on the Melbourne tram network. Following the introduction of two B1-class prototype trams in 1984 and 1985, a total of 130 B2-class trams we ...
s, which were designed to run on two former suburban railways which had been converted to light rail operation.


Not a Jacobs bogie

A number of
intermodal freight Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (e.g., rail, ship, aircraft, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing ...
trains, such as the Pacer Stacktrain run by US logistics company
XPO Logistics XPO is an American transportation company that conducts less-than-truckload shipping. The company's headquarters are located in Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S. History The company was initially called ''Express-1 Expedited Solutions'' before b ...
, use
container A container is any receptacle or enclosure for holding a product used in storage, packaging, and transportation, including shipping. Things kept inside of a container are protected on several sides by being inside of its structure. The term ...
well car A well car, also known as a double-stack car (or also intermodal car/container car), is a type of railroad car specially designed to carry intermodal containers (shipping containers) used in intermodal freight transport. The "well" is a depresse ...
s joined in groups of three to five, with four
side bearing A bogie or railroad truck holds the wheel sets of a rail vehicle. Axlebox An ''axle box'', also known as a ''journal box'' in North America, is the mechanical subassembly on each end of the axles under a railway wagon, coach or locomotive; ...
s on top of the
bolster A bolster is a long narrow pillow or cushion filled with cotton, down or fibre. Bolsters are usually firm for back or arm support or for decorative application.Von Tobel, Jackie. "Neck Rolls and Bolsters." The Design Directory of Bedding. La ...
of a standard North American
bogie A bogie ( ) (in some senses called a truck in North American English) is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transp ...
between the individual cars.


Locomotives

Some triple-bogied two-section electric locomotives such as the
NZR EW class The New Zealand EW class locomotive was a type of electric locomotive used in Wellington, New Zealand. The classification "EW" was due to their being electric locomotives allocated to Wellington. For two decades until the advent of the DX class ...
have an articulated body supported on the centre bogie. Other types of
Bo-Bo-Bo A Bo-Bo-Bo or Bo′Bo′Bo′ (UIC classification) is a locomotive with three independent two-axle bogies with all axles powered by separate traction motors. In the AAR system, this is simplified to B-B-B. The Bo-Bo-Bo configuration is of ...
locomotives instead use a body shell that has enough allowance for sideplay in the central bogie.


Tram (streetcar)

The Jacobs bogie can be found in trams (streetcars) such as the
Tatra K2 The Tatra K2 was the first production articulated tramcar built by ČKD Tatra between 1966 and 1983, following the failure of the experimental prototypes Tatra K1, K1 which never entered production. It was noted that the main problem with the K1 ...
and Oslo's
SL79 SL79 is a class of 40 articulated trams operated by the Oslo Tramway of Norway. The trams were a variation of the Duewag trams that had been developed by the German manufacturer since the 1950s. The six-axle vehicles are unidirectional with four ...
. The first 100% low floor tram with pivoting bogies, the Škoda ForCity, also uses modified Jacobs bogies.


US interurban trains

On this crossover between the tram (streetcar) and the
high-speed train High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail system that runs significantly faster than traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialised rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, lines ...
, Jacobs bogies occurred on the latest equipment of any significance, the two
Electroliner The Electroliners are a pair of streamlined interurban trainsets built by the St. Louis Car Company in 1941. Initially numbered 801–802 and 803–804, they were operated by the Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad from 1941 to 1963, fo ...
trains (1941–1976). They were suited for
streets Streets is the plural of street, a type of road. Streets or The Streets may also refer to: Music * Streets (band), a rock band fronted by Kansas vocalist Steve Walsh * ''Streets'' (punk album), a 1977 compilation album of various early UK punk ba ...
with tight curves, the Chicago El and running through the countryside at approximately . They served the Chicago–Milwaukee line and later the
Philadelphia area The Delaware Valley is a metropolitan region on the East Coast of the United States that comprises and surrounds Philadelphia, the sixth most populous city in the nation and 68th largest city in the world as of 2020. The toponym Delaware Val ...
.


Advantages

*Safety, because the trains are less prone to collapse like an accordion after derailing. A Eurostar train has been recorded as having derailed at a speed close to 300 km/h with no resultant loss of life or severe injuries among its passengers. *Lower weight and simpler and cheaper construction because bogies are heavy, expensive, and complex structures. *Less rail squeal and other wheel-to-rail
noise Noise is unwanted sound considered unpleasant, loud or disruptive to hearing. From a physics standpoint, there is no distinction between noise and desired sound, as both are vibrations through a medium, such as air or water. The difference arise ...
because of fewer bogies.


Disadvantages

*The cars of the vehicle/unit are semi-permanently coupled and can only be separated in the workshop. However, some flexibility may be achieved by coupling two or three units together into one train. *Fewer bogies and fewer wheelsets mean greater axle loads – if everything else is equal.


Gallery

Technicentre TER Alsace Mulhouse Nord 28 mai 2015-09.jpg, Jacobs bogie on a TER regional train in
Alsace Alsace (, ; ; Low Alemannic German/ gsw-FR, Elsàss ; german: Elsass ; la, Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland. In 2020, it had ...
, France 844 001 ČD Cerhenice4.jpg, Jakobs bogie on the
ČD Class 844 The Pesa Link is a family of diesel multiple unit trains built by Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz, Pesa. First units entered service in 2012. History Czech Republic The first contract for the delivery of Link units to the Czech Republic was sig ...
/
Pesa SA Pesa (Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz) is a Polish company manufacturing railway vehicles based in Bydgoszcz. The name 'Pesa' derives from the initials PS which stand for ''Pojazdy Szynowe,'' 'railway vehicles' in Polish. Pesa is a successor ...
Stadler FLIRT joint for jacobs bogie edit.png, Disassembled joint of a Stadler FLIRT with the bogie removed Jacobs_bogie_of_EER_300.jpg, Jacobs bogie on an
EER Class 300 EER may refer to: * East of England Regiment, a British Army Reserve unit * Effective exchange rate * Energy efficiency rating in the Australian Capital Territory * Energy efficiency ratio, of a cooling device * Engineering education research * ...
train. Jakobsdrehgestell_BR_425.jpg, Jacobs bogie on a
DBAG Class 425 The Class 425 and Class 426 EMUs are a class of electric multiple units built by a consortium of Siemens, Bombardier and DWA, and are operated by DB Regio in Germany. They are essentially the same vehicle design, but the Class 425 EMU consists o ...
train. File:Schematic Jakobs bogie.svg, Schema of a Jacobs bogie, shown on the upper half File:Nebraska Zephyr articulation.JPG, A closeup of a jacobs bogie on the preserved ''
Nebraska Zephyr The ''Nebraska Zephyr'' was a streamlined passenger train operated by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q, commonly known by the shorter name of "Burlington") between Chicago, Illinois; Omaha, Nebraska; and Lincoln, Nebraska, from ...
'' File:P1010076 Jacob-LHW.JPG, Jakobs bogie on the Doppelstock-Stromlinien-Wendezug of the
Lübeck-Büchen Railway Company The Lübeck-Büchen Railway (german: Lübeck-Büchener Eisenbahn, LBE) was a German railway company that built railway lines from Lübeck to Büchen and to Hamburg in the 19th century. History Background The first plans to build a direct rail ...
in 1936


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacobs Bogie Bogie