The

horizon The horizon is the apparent line that separates the surface of a celestial body from its sky when viewed from the perspective of an observer on or near the surface of the relevant body. This line divides all viewing directions based on whether i ...

is the line at which the sky and the Earth's surface appear to meet. Horizon or The Horizon may also refer to:

Art, entertainment, and media

Films

* ''Horizon'' (1932 film), a Soviet film * ''The Horizon'' (1961 film), a Soviet film * ''Horizon'' (1971 film), a Hungarian film * ''The Horizon'' (地平線), a 1984 Japanese film by director

Kaneto Shindo was a Japanese film director, screenwriter, film producer, and writer, who directed 48 films and wrote scripts for 238. His best known films as a director include ''Children of Hiroshima'', ''The Naked Island'', '' Onibaba'', ''Kuroneko'' and ' ...

* ''Horizon'' (1989 film), an Iranian film * ''Horizon'' (2018 film), a Georgian film * ''Horizon'' (upcoming film), an American epic Western

Games

* ''Horizon'' (video game series), a series of action role-playing games developed by Guerrilla Games ** ''

Horizon Zero Dawn ''Horizon Zero Dawn'' is a 2017 action role-playing game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The plot follows Aloy, a young hunter in a world overrun by machines, who sets out to uncover her past. The ...

'', a 2017 video game for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows ** ''

Horizon Forbidden West ''Horizon Forbidden West'' is a 2022 action role-playing game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The sequel to 2017's ''Horizon Zero Dawn'', the game is set in a post-apocalyptic version of the Western ...

'', a 2022 sequel for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 * '' Horizons: Empire of Istaria'', the original name of the MMORPG ''Istaria: Chronicles of the Gifted'' * ''

Forza Horizon ''Forza Horizon'' is a 2012 racing video game developed by Playground Games and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 on 23 October 2012. The game is the fifth instalment of the '' Forza'' series, having originally spun-off from Turn 10 ...

'', a 2012 open world racing game for Xbox 360, which became a sub-series for the ''Forza'' racing game franchise * '' Animal Crossing: New Horizons'', a 2020 video game for the Nintendo Switch * Horizon, a playable character in the game ''

Apex Legends ''Apex Legends'' is a free-to-play Battle royale game, battle royale-hero shooter game developed by Respawn Entertainment and published by Electronic Arts. It was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in February 2019, for Nintendo ...

Music

Horizons Gorwelion Horizons ( cy, Gorwelion) is an arts scheme and music festival launched jointly in 2014 by BBC Cymru Wales and the Arts Council of Wales to develop new independent contemporary music artists. It is curated by BBC presenter Bethan Elfyn. The ...

, an annual festival aimed at promoting independent contemporary new music in Wales *

Horizon (band) Horizon was a German progressive metal/power metal band. History Horizon was formed in 1998 by drummer Krissy Friedrich and guitarist Patrick Hemer. After a self-produced debut, they were introduced to Massacre Records by Kosta Zafiriou of Pink ...

, a German metal band *

Horizon Records Horizon Records was an American independent record label founded in 1960 by Dave Hubert. Horizon was originally a folk and blues label distributed by World Pacific Records. When Liberty Records acquired World Pacific in 1965, it also took over t ...

, an American record label

Albums

* ''Horizon'' (Culture Beat album), 1991 * ''Horizon'' (Eddie Rabbitt album), 1980 * ''Horizon'' (Remioromen album), 2006 * ''Horizon'' (Sun Ra album), 1972 * ''Horizon'' (The Carpenters album), 1975 * ''Horizon'' (McCoy Tyner album), 1979 * ''Horizon'', album by

BZN BZN (''Band Zonder Naam''; Dutch for "Band Without Name") was a Dutch pop group that had a string of hits from 1966 to 2007 on. BZN recorded mostly in English and French, but also had success with material in Dutch and German. History BZN star ...

* ''Horizons'' (Kris Allen album), 2014 * ''Horizons'' (Charles McPherson album), 1968 * ''Horizons'' (Parkway Drive album), 2007 * ''Horizons'' (Ira Sullivan album), 1987 * ''Horizons'' (Starset album), 2021 * ''Horizon'' (The Rocking Horse Winner album), 2002

Songs

* "Horizon" (Jessica Andersson song), Melodifestivalen 2021 entry * "Horizon", a 2008 single by

D'espairsRay D'espairsRay (formerly stylized as DéspairsRay or +DéspairsRay+) was a Japanese visual kei rock band active from 1999 to 2011. The lineup of Hizumi on vocals, Karyu on guitar, Zero on bass and Tsukasa on drums remained the same, with the group ...

* "Horizon", a song by The Bats from the album ''

At the National Grid ''At the National Grid'' is the sixth album by New Zealand band The Bats, released in 2005. It was the band's first album for ten years and the first to be released on a New Zealand label other than Flying Nun Records. Recording and release Th ...

'' * "Horizon", a song by Diaura from the album ''

Triangle A triangle is a polygon with three Edge (geometry), edges and three Vertex (geometry), vertices. It is one of the basic shapes in geometry. A triangle with vertices ''A'', ''B'', and ''C'' is denoted \triangle ABC. In Euclidean geometry, an ...

'' * "Horizon" (Daft Punk song), on the 2013 album ''Random Access Memories'' * "Horizons" (Genesis song), a song by Genesis on the 1972 album ''Foxtrot'' * "Horizons", a 1994 song by British DJ and drum and bass musician

LTJ Bukem Daniel Williamson (born 20 September 1967), better known as LTJ Bukem (), is a British drum and bass musician, producer and DJ. He and his record label Good Looking are most associated with the jazzy, atmospheric side of drum and bass music. ...

* "Horizon", a song by American musician Cat Power from the 2018 album ''

Wanderer Wanderer, Wanderers, or The Wanderer may refer to: * Nomadism, Nomadic and/or itinerant people, working short-term before moving to other locations, who wander from place to place with no permanent home, or are vagrancy (people), vagrant * The Wan ...

'' * "Horizons", a song by the 3rd and the Mortal from the 1996 album ''

Painting on Glass ''Painting on Glass'' is the second studio album by The 3rd and the Mortal. Track listing # "Magma" - 4:25 # "Commemoration" - 5:41 # "Crystal Orchids" - 2:59 # "Persistent and Fleeting" - 5:58 # "White Waters" - 2:50 # "Aurora Borealis" - ...

Periodicals

* ''Horizon'' (magazine), British magazine, 1940–1949, founded by Cyril Connolly, Stephen Spender and Peter Watson * ''Horizon'' (online magazine), research and innovation magazine published by the European Commission * ''Horizon'' (U.S. magazine), 1958–1989, originally published by ''American Heritage'' * ''

Horizon Weekly ''Horizon Weekly'' (Հորիզոն in Armenian) is an Armenian Canadian newspaper publication and is the official political newspaper of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF)'s Canadian Central Committee. History Canada's ''Horizon'' Arm ...

'', Armenian-Canadian newspaper publication * ''Horizons'' (magazine), research magazine of the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences * '' Horizons: The Journal of the College Theology Society'', a religious study journal * '' The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line'', U.S. magazine, 1907–1919, edited by W.E.B. Du Bois

Television and web series

* ''Horizon'' (British TV series), a long-running British programme on BBC television showing popular science documentaries * ''Horizon'' (Canadian TV program), a 1963–1964 Canadian current affairs television program that aired on CBC * ''Arizona Horizon'', a current events television program that debuted Arizona-based

KAET KAET (channel 8), known as Arizona PBS, is a PBS member television station in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, owned by Arizona State University and operated by ASU's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. KAET's studios are ...

in 1981 * ''The Horizon'' (web series), a web series which premiered on YouTube; it is the most watched online series made in Australia and the most watched gay web series in the world. * "Horizon" (''Star Trek: Enterprise''), a 2003 second-season episode of ''Star Trek: Enterprise''

Other arts, entertainment, and media

* ''Horizon'' (novel), a 2009 fantasy novel by Lois McMaster Bujold *''

Horizontes ''Horizons'' ( es, Horizontes) is a 1913 oil painting by Francisco Antonio Cano Cardona. ''Horizons'' shows the idealized migrant family and it portrays a '' colono'' family –consisting of a husband, wife, and child– sitting on a bluff ...

'' (''Horizons''), 1913 painting by Francisco Antonio Cano Cardona * ''Horizons'' (ballet), a modern dance work

Companies and brands

Horizon (camera) The Horizon (russian: Горизонт) is a mechanical swing-lens panoramic camera. It is manufactured by Krasnogorsky Mechanicheskiy Zavod (KMZ) in Krasnogorsk, Russia, better-known for their range of Zenit cameras. The main characteristi ...

, a swing-lens panoramic camera manufactured in Russia * Horizon Fitness, a fitness equipment subsidiary of Johnson Health Tech *

Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies is a manufacturer of hydrogen Fuel cell, fuel cells based in Singapore. Founded in 2003, the company manufactures micro-size to multi-kilowatt scale proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Additionally, it provides hydr ...

, a corporation specializing in fuel cell technology *

Horizon Nuclear Power Horizon Nuclear Power is a British Energy industry, energy company that was expected to build new nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom. It was established in 2009, with its head office in Gloucester, and is now owned by Hitachi. On 17 Ja ...

, a British energy company *

Horizon Organic Horizon Organic is an American company, founded in 1991, that produces organic milk and other organic food products. Horizon Organic is the largest supplier of organic milk in North America. Its products are sold in supermarkets and grocery stores. ...

, an American company that produces dairy and egg products *

Horizon Pipeline Horizon Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in northern Illinois, United States. Its FERC code is 178. The pipeline is owned and operated by Horizon Pipeline Company LLC, a joint venture of the Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America (NGPL), owned ...

, a small natural gas pipeline that moves gas in northern Illinois *

Horizon Power Horizon Power is a commercially focused, state government-owned, power company that provides power supplies to Western Australia. It is responsible for generating, procuring, distributing and retailing electricity to residential, industrial and co ...

, a corporation owned by the Government of Western Australia *

Planning horizon The planning horizon is the amount of time an organization will look into the future when preparing a strategic plan. Many commercial companies use a five-year planning horizon, however a general Planning horizon is around one year. Other organiz ...

, the amount of time an organisation will look into the future when preparing a strategic plan *

Horizons Satellite Horizons Satellite is a joint venture between Intelsat and SKY Perfect JSAT Group. Originally formed in 2001, pursuant to a memorandum of understanding between JSAT Corporation and PanAmSat for the launch of Horizons-1, it was renewed for Horizons ...

, a joint venture between Intelsat and SKY Perfect JSAT Group that owns a fleet of Horizons satellites *

Horizon (store) Horizon was a Canadian discount department retailer founded in 1972 by T. Eaton Co. Limited. Attempting to compete with established Canadian brands like Woolco and Zellers during a downturn in the market, it was T. Eaton's attempt to court "buye ...

, a discount department store *

Warner Horizon Television Warner Bros. Television Studios (operating under the name Warner Bros. Television; formerly known as Warner Bros. Television Division) is an American television production and distribution studio of the Warner Bros. Television Group division of ...

, Warner Bros Television’s division formed in 2006

Radio and television providers

Horizont (radio station) Horizont Radio or Хоризонт (Horizont) in Bulgarian is a state-owned Bulgarian radio station, specialising in news coverage from Bulgaria. It is the most popular radio station in Bulgaria and it is part of The Bulgarian National Radio Net ...

, or Horizon Radio, a state-owned Bulgarian Radio Station *

Heart 103.3 Heart Milton Keynes (formerly Horizon Radio) was an Independent Local Radio station for Milton Keynes and North Buckinghamshire. Broadcasting on 103.3FM from the Bow Brickhill transmitter, the station was part of Global Radio's Heart Network. The ...

, or Horizon Radio (UK), a UK radio station *

Horizon TV Asia Horizon TV Asia is an Indian television Provider. It is a part of the wider Religious Program, a subsidiary of the Horizon TV Asia. See also * List of Indian television stations * Zee Tv * Faizabad Faizabad (Hindustani pronunciation: ɛ ...

, an television provider in India

Events and organizations

Horizon League The Horizon League is an 11-school collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, whose members are located in and near the Great Lakes region. The Horizon League founded in 1979 as the Midw ...

, a collegiate athletic conference in the midwestern USA *

Horizons Regional Council The horizon is the line at which the sky and the Earth's surface appear to meet. Horizon or The Horizon may also refer to: Art, entertainment, and media Films * ''Horizon'' (1932 film), a Soviet film * ''The Horizon'' (1961 film), a Soviet fi ...

, the regional authority for the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand * Horizon 2020, a funding programme by the European Union for innovation and economic growth *

Horizon Europe Horizon Europe is a 7-year European Union scientific research initiative, successor of the Horizon 2020 programme and the earlier Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development. The European Commission drafted and approved a plan ...

, continuation of Horizon 2020 *

Horizons (political party) Horizons () is a centre-right political party in France founded in October 2021 by Édouard Philippe, at the time mayor of Le Havre and ex-Prime Minister of France. The party was created with the purpose of attracting centre-right support for Em ...

, French center-right political party

Places

* Horizons Region, official name of Manawatū-Whanganui region in New Zealand * Horizon, Saskatchewan, hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada * Rosemont Horizon, the former name of

Allstate Arena Allstate Arena is a multi-purpose arena in Rosemont, Illinois, United States. It is located near the intersection of Mannheim Road and Interstate 90, adjacent to the city limits of Chicago and O'Hare International Airport. The facility opened i ...

, a multipurpose arena in Rosemont, Illinois, United States *

Horizon City Horizon City is a city in El Paso County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 22,489, reflecting an increase of 5,754 from the 16,735 counted in the 2010 United States Census, 2010 Census. Climate *Annual ...

, a town in Texas, United States *

Horizons (Epcot) Horizons was a dark ride attraction at Epcot (then known as EPCOT Center), a theme park at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida. Located on the eastern side of the "Future World" section of Epcot, the attraction used Disney's Omnimover syste ...

, a former Epcot Center attraction at Walt Disney World

Schools

École secondaire l'Horizon École secondaire l'Horizon is a Canadian French, French-language Public school (government funded), public secondary school located in Saint-Jean-Chrysostome, Lévis, Quebec, Saint-Jean-Chrysostome, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Place Centre-v ...

, a French public secondary school in Quebec, Canada *

Horizon High School (disambiguation) Horizon High School may refer to: *Horizon High School (Thornton, Colorado) *Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona) *Horizon High School (Texas), Horizon City, Texas *Horizon High School (Pleasanton, California) *Horizon High School (Florida) *U ...

Horizon Science Academy Concept Schools is a nonprofit charter management organization. The group currently operates or manages thirty tuition-free science, technology and math-focused schools in six Midwest states. Serving more than 13,500 students, Concept-managed sch ...

, a group of charter schools which is owned by Concept Schools in Ohio, United States

Science

Computers and computer science

Horizon effect The horizon effect, also known as the horizon problem, is a problem in artificial intelligence whereby, in many games, the number of possible states or positions is immense and computers can only feasibly search a small portion of them, typically ...

, in artificial intelligence: the computational limit beyond which conventional game-tree search algorithms make suboptimal decisions * Horizons: Software Starter Pack, a 1982 software compilation for the ZX Spectrum * North Star Horizon, an 8-bit computer system based on the ZiLOG Z80A microprocessor *

Split horizon route advertisement In computer networking, split-horizon route advertisement is a method of preventing routing loops in distance-vector routing protocols by prohibiting a router from advertising a route back onto the interface from which it was learned. The concep ...

, one of the methods in computer networks used to prevent routing loops *

VMware Horizon VMware Horizon (formerly called Horizon View) is a commercial desktop and app virtualization product developed by VMware, Inc for Microsoft Windows, Linux and macOS operating systems. It was first sold under the name VMware VDM, but with the re ...

, a commercial desktop-virtualisation product released in 2014 (formerly called Horizon View) *

Nintendo Switch system software The Nintendo Switch system software (also known by its codename Horizon) is an updatable firmware and operating system used by the Nintendo Switch video game console. It is based on a proprietary microkernel. The UI includes a HOME screen, consi ...

, internally known as Horizon * ''Horizon'', a social platform being built by Meta Platforms, encompassing ''Horizon Home'', ''

Horizon Worlds ''Horizon Worlds'' (formerly ''Facebook Horizon'') is a free virtual reality, online video game with an integrated game creation system developed and published by Meta Platforms. On this multi-player virtual platform, players move and interact w ...

'', ''Horizon Workrooms'', ''Horizon Venues'' and ''Horizon Marketplace'' * Horizon, computer accounting system used in connection with the

British Post Office scandal The British Post Office scandal is a miscarriage of justice involving the wrongful civil and criminal prosecutions of an unknown or unpublished number of sub-postmasters (SPMs) for theft, false accounting and/or fraud. The cases constitute the ...

Geology, soil science and archeology

Horizon (archaeology) In archaeology, the general meaning of horizon is a distinctive type of sediment, artefact, style, or other cultural trait that is found across a large geographical area from a limited time period. The term derives from similar ones in geology, h ...

, a distinctive sediment, artefact, style or other cultural trait that is found at archaeological sites across a large geographical area *

Horizon (geology) In geology, a horizon is either a bedding surface where there is marked change in the lithology within a sequence of sedimentary or volcanic rocks, or a distinctive layer or thin bed with a characteristic lithology or fossil content within a sequen ...

, a bedding plane or a thin bed of distinctive character within a stratigraphic sequence *

Marker horizon Marker horizons (also referred to as chronohorizons, key beds or marker beds) are stratigraphic units of the same age and of such distinctive composition and appearance, that, despite their presence in separate geographic locations, there is no do ...

, a distinctive stratigraphic unit, of the same age across several locations *

Soil horizon A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. Horizons are defined in many cases by obvious physical features, mainly colour and texture. ...

, a specific and distinctive layer in a land area

Physics

Horizon (general relativity) {{dabconcept A horizon is a wikt:boundary, boundary in spacetime satisfying prescribed conditions. There are several types of horizons that play a role in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity: * Absolute horizon, a boundary in spacetime ...

, that play a role in Einstein's theory of general relativity *

Absolute horizon In general relativity, an absolute horizon is a boundary in spacetime, defined with respect to the external universe, inside which events cannot affect an external observer. Light emitted inside the horizon can never reach the observer, and anythi ...

, a boundary in spacetime in general relativity inside of which events cannot affect an external observer *

Apparent horizon In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards and those directed outward but moving inward. Apparent horizons are not invariant properties of spacetim ...

, a surface defined in general relativity *

Cauchy horizon In physics, a Cauchy horizon is a light-like boundary of the domain of validity of a Cauchy problem (a particular boundary value problem of the theory of partial differential equations). One side of the horizon contains closed space-like geodesics ...

, a surface found in the study of Cauchy problems *

Celestial horizon Celestial may refer to: Science * Objects or events seen in the sky and the following astronomical terms: ** Astronomical object, a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists in the observable universe ** Celes ...

, a great circle parallel to the horizon *

Cosmological horizon A cosmological horizon is a measure of the distance from which one could possibly retrieve information. This observable constraint is due to various properties of general relativity, the expanding universe, and the physics of Big Bang cosmology. Co ...

, a limit of observability: the maximum distance from which particles can have travelled to an observer in the age of the universe *

Event horizon In astrophysics, an event horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an observer. Wolfgang Rindler coined the term in the 1950s. In 1784, John Michell proposed that gravity can be strong enough in the vicinity of massive compact obj ...

, a boundary in spacetime beyond which events cannot affect the observer *

JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System provides access to key Solar System data and flexible production of highly accurate ephemerides for Solar System objects. Osculating elements at a given epoch (such as produced by the JPL Small-Body Databas ...

, an interactive facility that computes the position of many solar system objects *

Killing horizon In physics, a Killing horizon is a geometrical construct used in general relativity and its generalizations to delineate spacetime boundaries without reference to the dynamic Einstein field equations. Mathematically a Killing horizon is a null hype ...

, a null surface on which there is a Killing vector field *

Radio horizon Line-of-sight propagation is a characteristic of electromagnetic radiation or acoustic wave propagation which means waves travel in a direct path from the source to the receiver. Electromagnetic transmission includes light emissions traveling ...

, the locus of points in telecommunication at which direct rays from an antenna are tangential to the surface of the Earth

Transportation

Horizon (railcar) The Horizon is a type of single-level intercity railroad passenger car used by Amtrak, the national rail passenger carrier in the United States. Amtrak ordered the cars to supplement their existing fleet of Amfleet I single-level cars used on s ...

, an Amtrak passenger car used mostly in the Midwest *

Attitude indicator The attitude indicator (AI), formerly known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is a flight instrument that informs the pilot of the aircraft orientation relative to Earth's horizon, and gives an immediate indication of the smallest orie ...

, or Artificial horizon, an instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the orientation of the airplane relative to the ground * , a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line *

Chrysler Horizon The Chrysler Horizon is a compact hatchback that was designed by Chrysler Europe and was produced from 1978 to 1987 under the Chrysler, Simca and Talbot nameplates. The successor to both the Simca 1100 and Hillman Avenger, the Horizon adopted a ...

, a car designed by Chrysler Europe *

Fisher Horizon The Fisher Horizon is a family of Canada, Canadian two-seats-in-tandem, conventional landing gear, single-engined, high-wing monoplane kit aircraft designed for construction by amateur builders. The Horizon 1 was inspired by the Aeronca Champio ...

, a kit aircraft * Hawker Horizon, the original name of the

Hawker 4000 The Hawker 4000, originally known as the Hawker Horizon, is a super-midsize business jet developed by Hawker Beechcraft (formerly Raytheon Aircraft Company). Development Raytheon announced a new business jet in November 1996 as a larger aircr ...

business jet *

Halman Horizon The Halman Horizon, also referred to as the Halman 27, is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Michael Volmer as a cruiser and first built in 1982. Production The design was built by Halman Manufacturing in Beamsville, Ontario, Canada, ...

, a Canadian sailboat design *

Horizon Air Horizon Air Industries, Inc., operating as Horizon Air, is an American regional airline based in SeaTac, Washington, United States. Horizon Air and its sister carrier Alaska Airlines are subsidiaries of Alaska Air Group, and all Horizon-opera ...

, a regional airline and subsidiary of the Alaska Air Group * Horizon Airlines (Australia), an Australian airline based in Sydney *

Horizon-class frigate The Horizon class (French: Classe Horizon; Italian: Classe Orizzonte) is a class of air-defence destroyers in service with the French and Italian navies. They are designated as destroyers by the Italians and using NATO classification but are r ...

, a multi-national collaboration to produce a new generation of anti-air warfare frigates * , a cruise ship operated by

Pullmantur Cruises Pullmantur Cruises was a cruise line headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It began operations in the late 1990s as an offshoot of the Madrid-based travel agency Pullmantur. In 2006, Pullmantur Cruises, through its parent company, was purchased by U.S ...

Other uses

Fusion of horizons "Fusion of horizons" (german: Horizontverschmelzung) is a dialectical concept which results from the rejection of two alternatives: objectivism, whereby the objectification of the other is premised on the forgetting of oneself; and absolute knowled ...

, understanding that results from the dynamic process of integrating the 'Other' and the familiar *

Project Horizon Project Horizon was a 1959 study to determine the feasibility of constructing a scientific / military base on the Moon, at a time when the U.S. Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Air Force had total responsibil ...

, a study to determine the feasibility of the construction of a military base on the moon conducted in 1959