Heroini is a fish

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the cichlid family. All cichlids native to the

Greater Antilles The Greater Antilles ( es, Grandes Antillas or Antillas Mayores; french: Grandes Antilles; ht, Gwo Zantiy; jam, Grieta hAntiliiz) is a grouping of the larger islands in the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, a ...

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

(southern

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

and northern

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

are members of this tribe. It also includes most cichlid species in southern Central America (where only non-Heroini cichlids are ''

Andinoacara ''Andinoacara'' is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae. The genus was described in 2009.Musilova, Rican and Novak, 2009''Phylogeny of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on morphological and molecula ...

'' and ''

Geophagus ''Geophagus'' is a genus of cichlids that mainly live in South America as far south as Argentina and Uruguay, but a single species, ''G. crassilabris'' is from Panama.Mattos, J.L.O., Costa, W.J.E.M. & Santos, A.C.A. (2015): ''Geophagus diamantin ...

'') and several species from

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...

(where several other tribes exist). A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus ''

Cichlasoma ''Cichlasoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the cichlid family. The genus was previously very large (a wastebasket taxon), including cichlids from North America, including Central America, and South America. Reclassification and subsequent ...

'' (itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini), but have since been moved to other genera. In other classifications the tribe Heroini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae. Abstract

Genera

This tribe include about 35 genus and 160 species: * '' Amatitlania'' Schmitter-Soto, 2007 * ''

Amphilophus ''Amphilophus'' is a genus of cichlid fishes from Central America, ranging from southern Mexico to Panama. The genus currently contains 23 species, including several that are well-known from the aquarium trade. However, studies led by Oldřich ...

'' Agassiz, 1859 * '' Archocentrus'' Gill, 1877 * ''

Astatheros ''Astatheros macracanthus'', the blackthroat cichlid, is a species of cichlid freshwater fish from southern Mexico and northern Central America. It is the only recognized species in the genus ''Astatheros'', but it was originally described in '' ...

'' Pellegrin, 1904 * ''

Australoheros ''Australoheros'' is a fish genus in the cichlid family. Most are restricted to rivers and streams in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, but at least one species is also found in lakes and swamps. This genus was ere ...

'' Říčan & Kullander, 2006 * ''

Caquetaia ''Caquetaia'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes from tropical South America. The genus currently contains three species. ''Caquetaia spp.'' are ambush predators that predominantly feed on invertebrates. Seasonal fluctuations in water level have ...

'' Fowler, 1945 * ''

Chiapaheros ''Chiapaheros grammodes'' is a species of cichlid fish found in the upper part of the Grijalva River basin in southern Mexico and far western Guatemala. Adults generally inhabit areas with moderate to strong current, but they can also be found i ...

'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 * '' Chocoheros'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 * '' Chortiheros'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 * ''

Cincelichthys ''Cincelichthys'' is a genus of high-bodied cichlids found in southern Mexico to Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to ...

'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 * '' Chuco'' Fernández-Yépez, 1969 * '' Cryptoheros'' Allgayer, 2001 * ''

Darienheros ''Darienheros calobrensis'', is a species of cichlid found in Middle America. It is distributed in the Darién area of eastern Panamá on the Pacific slope in the Tuíra, Chucunaque and Bayano River basins. This species is the only known me ...

'' Říčan & Novák 2016 * ''

Herichthys ''Herichthys'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes. Most are Endemism, endemic to Mexico, but ''Texas cichlid, H. cyanoguttatus'' is also found in southern Texas (United States), and has been Introduced species, introduced to central Texas and Flo ...

'' Baird & Girard, 1854 * '' Heroina'' Kullander, 1996 * '' Heros'' Heckel, 1840 * '' Herotilapia'' Pellegrin, 1904 * '' Hoplarchus'' Kaup, 1860 * '' Hypselecara'' Kullander, 1986 * '' Hypsophrys'' Agassiz, 1859 * '' Isthmoheros'' (

Meek Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior that has been defined as an amalgam of righteousness, inner humility, and patience. Meekness has been contrasted with humility alone insomuch as humility simply refers to an attitude towards o ...

Hildebrand Hildebrand is a character from Germanic heroic legend. ''Hildebrand'' is the modern German form of the name: in Old High German it is ''Hiltibrant'' and in Old Norse ''Hildibrandr''. The word ''hild'' means "battle" and ''brand'' means "sword". ...

, 1913) * '' Kihnichthys'' McMahan & Matamoros, 2015 * '' Kronoheros Říčan & Piálek, 2016 * '' Maskaheros'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 * ''

Mayaheros ''Mayaheros'' is a genus of cichlid fish that is native to Mexico and northern Central America. This genus has a disjunct distribution, with the ''M. urophthalmus'' group being found in the Atlantic drainages of southeastern Mexico (southern Vera ...

'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 * ''

Mesoheros ''Mesoheros'' is a genus of cichlids. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Atrato River flowing into the Atlantic, San Juan River (Colombia), San Juan, Baudó River, Baudó and Patia Rivers to Esmeraldas River, Esmeraldas and Tumbes Rivers ...

'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 * '' Mesonauta'' Günther, 1867 * '' Nandopsis'' Gill, 1862 * ''

Nosferatu ''Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror'' (German: ''Nosferatu – Eine Symphonie des Grauens'') is a 1922 silent German Expressionist horror film directed by F. W. Murnau and starring Max Schreck as Count Orlok, a vampire who preys on the wife ...

'' De la Maza-Benignos, Ornelas-García, Lozano-Vilano, García-Ramírez & Doadrio, 2015 * '' Oscura'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 * '' Panamius'' Schmitter-Soto, 2007 * ''

Parachromis ''Parachromis'' is a genus of cichlids native to Central America. Some species occur in Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua. All species are predatory and relatively large for cichlids. Species There are currently five recognized species in this gen ...

'' Agassiz, 1859 * '' Paraneetroplus'' Regan, 1905 * '' Petenia'' Günther, 1862 * ''

Pterophyllum ''Pterophyllum'' is a small genus of freshwater fish from the family Cichlidae known to most aquarists as angelfish. All ''Pterophyllum'' species originate from the Amazon Basin, Orinoco Basin and various rivers in the Guiana Shield in tropical ...

'' Heckel, 1840 * ''

Rheoheros ''Rheoheros'' is a genus of cichlids. These freshwater fish are found in the Atlantic slope of Mexico and Guatemala in moderately to fast-flowing waters of the Grijalva-Usumacinta River system. Depending on species, they reach up to in length. ...

'' McMahan & Matamoros, 2015 * '' Rocio'' Schmitter-Soto, 2007 * '' Symphysodon'' Heckel, 1840 * ''

Talamancaheros ''Talamancaheros'' is a genus of cichlid fish found in fast- and moderately-flowing rivers on the Pacific slope of the Talamanca mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama. ''Talamancaheros'' reaches up to in standard length. Species and taxo ...

'' Říčan & Novák, 2016 * ''

Theraps ''Theraps'' is a genus of cichlid fish found in moderately to fast-flowing rivers and streams on the Atlantic slope of southern Mexico and northern Central America. They are medium-sized cichlids. Species and taxonomy Historically, ''Theraps'' w ...

'' Günther, 1862 * '' Thorichthys'' Meek, 1904 * ''

Tomocichla ''Tomocichla'' is a genus of cichlid fish native to moderately and fast-flowing rivers along the Atlantic slope of Central America, ranging from the Escondido drainage in Nicaragua to Bocas del Toro in Panama. ''Tomocichla'' was formerly includ ...

'' Regan, 1908 * '' Trichromis'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 * ''

Uaru ''Uaru'' is a small genus of cichlids found in blackwater and whitewater habitats in the upper Orinoco and the Amazon basin. Etymology The name ''Uaru'' comes from the Amazon word for toad. Species There are currently two recognized species in ...

'' Heckel, 1840 * '' Vieja'' Fernández-Yépez, 1969 * ''

Wajpamheros The bluemouth cichlid (''Wajpamheros nourissati'') is a species of cichlid fish that is endemic to the Usumacinta River basin in southern Mexico and Guatemala, where it is widely distributed in rivers, creeks and lakes. This species is the only ...

'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016

References

Fish tribes Cichlid fish of Central America Cichlid fish of South America {{cichlid-stub