George Townsend Andrews (19 December 1804 – 29 December 1855) was an English architect born in
Exeter. He is noted for his buildings designed for
George Hudson
George Hudson (probably 10 March 1800 – 14 December 1871) was an English railway financier and politician who, because he controlled a significant part of the railway network in the 1840s, became known as "The Railway King"—a title conferr ...
's railways, especially the
York and North Midland Railway
The York and North Midland Railway (Y&NMR) was an English railway company that opened in 1839 connecting York with the Leeds and Selby Railway, and in 1840 extended this line to meet the North Midland Railway at Normanton near Leeds. Its first c ...
. Andrews' architect's practice in York did not confine itself to railway work, its other buildings including headquarters for two
York
York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...
-based banks and a number of churches.
Life
Andrews' roots lay in Jamaica and in London, but from the 1820s he was mainly in York. He was assistant to
Peter Frederick Robinson
Peter Frederick Robinson (1776–24 June 1858) was an English architect.
Career
Robinson began his career in Henry Holland's office and worked under William Porden at the Brighton Pavilion in 1801–02. In 1805 he designed Hans Town Assembl ...
.
He won a
Society of Arts
The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), also known as the Royal Society of Arts, is a London-based organisation committed to finding practical solutions to social challenges. The RSA acronym is used m ...
premium in 1824. He was a council member of the
Yorkshire Architectural Society, and
Sheriff of York in 1846-47, during
George Hudson
George Hudson (probably 10 March 1800 – 14 December 1871) was an English railway financier and politician who, because he controlled a significant part of the railway network in the 1840s, became known as "The Railway King"—a title conferr ...
's third term as
mayor
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well ...
.
In 1836 he was appointed a Fellow of the
Institute of British Architects in London.
He died in York on 29 December 1855.
Railway work
Andrews designed all the buildings, not only the stations, for the
York and North Midland Railway
The York and North Midland Railway (Y&NMR) was an English railway company that opened in 1839 connecting York with the Leeds and Selby Railway, and in 1840 extended this line to meet the North Midland Railway at Normanton near Leeds. Its first c ...
(Y&NMR) from the middle of 1839 until the work dried up in 1849 following the downfall of
George Hudson
George Hudson (probably 10 March 1800 – 14 December 1871) was an English railway financier and politician who, because he controlled a significant part of the railway network in the 1840s, became known as "The Railway King"—a title conferr ...
. Having designed the new
York station
York railway station is on the East Coast Main Line serving the city of York, North Yorkshire, England. It is north of and on the main line it is situated between to the south and to the north. , the station is operated by London North Ea ...
jointly for the Y&NMR and the
Great North of England Railway
The Great North of England Railway (GNER) was an early British railway company. Its main line, opened in 1841 was between York and Darlington, and originally it was planned to extend to Newcastle.
Mergers
In 1846 it was absorbed by the Newcastl ...
(GNER), he went on to design buildings for the GNER as far north as
Northallerton
Northallerton ( ) is a market town and civil parish in the Hambleton District of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Mowbray and at the northern end of the Vale of York. It had a population of 16,832 in the 2011 census, an increa ...
. He designed all the buildings for the
Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway
The York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway (YN&BR) was an English railway company formed in 1847 by the amalgamation of the York and Newcastle Railway and the Newcastle and Berwick Railway. Both companies were part of the group of business interest ...
and the Yorkshire buildings of the
York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway
The York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway (YN&BR) was an English railway company formed in 1847 by the amalgamation of the York and Newcastle Railway and the Newcastle and Berwick Railway. Both companies were part of the group of business interest ...
.
The Y&NMR opened its first section from a temporary station outside the
walls of York in May 1839 but Hudson wanted to bring the railway into the heart of York, which meant breaching the city walls. Andrews provided the favoured design for the requisite entry in the form of a Tudor arch. The new station was laid out to a plan by
Robert Stephenson
Robert Stephenson FRS HFRSE FRSA DCL (16 October 1803 – 12 October 1859) was an English civil engineer and designer of locomotives. The only son of George Stephenson, the "Father of Railways", he built on the achievements of his father ...
, which was a development of his plan for
Euston station
Euston railway station ( ; also known as London Euston) is a central London railway terminus in the London Borough of Camden, managed by Network Rail. It is the southern terminus of the West Coast Main Line, the UK's busiest inter-city railw ...
making allowances for York's status as a junction. Andrews designed the station buildings. They comprised two separate trainsheds, joined at each end, producing a
hipped appearance, which became one of Andrew's trademarks. Each shed was (like Euston) of 40 ft span and the roof was supported by wrought iron "Euston trusses", giving a more slender airy construction than contemporary wooden station roofs. The train sheds were clad with slate on wooden planking, with the portion nearest the apex being glazed. The main station facilities were ranged along the departure platform with a central booking office flanked by the waiting rooms for each class (and a separate waiting room for ladies); provision was also made for parcels traffic, left luggage, the station master and the maintenance of lamps. On the first floor was the Y&NMR boardroom and offices. Adjacent to the arrivals platform were 1st and 2nd class refreshment rooms and a bar with bedrooms above.
Due to delays in agreeing the building design with the GNER the station was incomplete when services started running to London. It finally opened on 4 January 1841.
The station at York embodied many of the features Andrews was to use in his other medium and large stations for the Y&NMR, in particular the hipped roof supported by "Euston trusses" but in later examples, the glazed portion of the roof was raised and given
louver
A louver (American English) or louvre (British English; see spelling differences) is a window blind or shutter with horizontal slats that are angled to admit light and air, but to keep out rain and direct sunshine. The angle of the sla ...
ed sides to let smoke and steam out. Locomotives were not originally expected to enter York station but later that roof too was modified. Other features characteristic of Andrew's buildings include marked overhanging eaves and chimney stacks with an arch over the apex of the roof.
Stations
![Beverley Station](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Beverley_Station.jpg)
Stations with an overall roof are denoted thus: ''Station Name''
Y&NMR Main Line 1839
*''
York
York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...
'' - opened 1841,
Y&NMR station closed 1877, roof removed 1967
*
Ulleskelf
*
Bolton Percy
Bolton Percy is a village and civil parish in the Selby District of North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 305 in 115 households, reducing marginally to 304 at the 2011 census. The village is about east ...
, closed
*
Castleford
Castleford is a town within the City of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 45,106 at a 2021 population estimate. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to the north of the town centre the River Calder joins th ...
*
Sherburn-in-Elmet
Sherburn in Elmet (pronounced ) is a large village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Selby District of North Yorkshire, England, west of Selby and south of Tadcaster.
It was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974.
It is one o ...
*
Normanton opened 1840, G.T. Andrews "Italian Villa" style station opened September 1841
GNER Main Line 1839
*''
York
York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...
'' - opened 1841,
Y&NMR station closed 1877, roof removed 1967
*
Alne, closed
*
Raskelf
Raskelf is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. The electoral roll has a population of around 400 measured at 519 in the 2011 census.
History
The village appears in the Domesday Book as Rascill and its derivation is beli ...
, closed
*
Shipton, closed
*
Sessay
Sessay is a small, linear village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately south-east from Thirsk, and west from the A19 road close to the East Coast Main Line.
The civil parish also includes the village of ...
, closed
York to Scarborough, Y&NMR 1845
*
Haxby
Haxby is a town and civil parish in the City of York district of North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 8,754, reducing to 8,428 at the 2011 Census.
Open farmland is to the north as far as the vil ...
, closed 1930
*
Strensall
Strensall is a village in the Strensall with Towthorpe civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in North Yorkshire, England, on the River Foss north of York and north-east of Haxby. From the 2011 Census, the civil parish of ...
, closed 1930
*
Flaxton, closed 1930
*
Barton renamed Barton Hill (1853), closed 1930
*
Howsham, closed 1849
*
Kirkham Abbey Kirkham may refer to:
Places
*Kirkham, Lancashire, England
*Kirkham, North Yorkshire, England
*Kirkham, New South Wales, Australia
* Kirkham (HM Prison), a prison in Lancashire, England
*Kirkham Priory
*Kirkham House
Kirkham House is a late medi ...
, closed 1930
*
Castle Howard
Castle Howard is a stately home in North Yorkshire, England, within the civil parish of Henderskelfe, located north of York. It is a private residence and has been the home of the Carlisle branch of the Howard family for more than 300 years ...
, closed 1930
![Castle Howard Station Lineside Elevation](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Castle_Howard_Station_Lineside_Elevation.jpg)
*
Huttons renamed Huttons Ambo (1885), closed 1930
*''
Malton'', roof removed 1989
*''
Rillington
Rillington is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England.
Rillington was mentioned in the Domesday Survey in 1086 and rural life was relatively unchanged until the coming of the railway in 1845
The villag ...
'', closed 1930, roof removed 1955
*
Knapton
Knapton is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is southeast of Cromer, northeast of Norwich and northeast of London. The Village is located alongside the B1145 a route which runs between King's Lynn and ...
, closed 1930
*
Heslerton, closed 1930
*
Sherburn renamed Wykeham (1874), renamed Weaverthorpe (1882), closed 1930
*
Ganton
Ganton is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the south side of the Vale of Pickering immediately north of the Yorkshire Wolds. Ganton lies west of the coastal town of Filey, and ...
, closed 1930
*
Seamer
*''
Scarborough Central'' - opened 1845
Rillington Junction to Whitby, Y&NMR 1845-7
*
Marishes Road, closed 1965
*
Kirby
Kirby may refer to:
Buildings
* Kirby Building, a skyscraper in Dallas, Texas, United States
* Kirby Hall, an Elizabethan country house near Corby, Northamptonshire, England
* Kirby House (disambiguation), various houses in England and the Unit ...
, closed 1858
*''
Pickering'', roof removed 1952, closed 1965, re-opened (
NYMR
The North Yorkshire Moors Railway (NYMR) is a heritage railway in North Yorkshire, England, that runs through the North York Moors National Park. First opened in 1836 as the Whitby and Pickering Railway, the railway was planned in 1831 by Georg ...
) 1973, replica GT Andrews design roof now in place..
*
Levisham
Levisham is a small village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England, located within the North York Moors National Park about north of Pickering. At the 2011 Census the population was less than 100. Details are inc ...
, closed 1965, re-opened (
NYMR
The North Yorkshire Moors Railway (NYMR) is a heritage railway in North Yorkshire, England, that runs through the North York Moors National Park. First opened in 1836 as the Whitby and Pickering Railway, the railway was planned in 1831 by Georg ...
) 1973
*
Goathland (Incline Top), closed 1865
*
Grosmont
*
Sleights
Sleights is a village in North Yorkshire, England. Located in the Esk Valley in the postal region of Whitby, the village is part of the civil parish of Eskdaleside cum Ugglebarnby and the borough of Scarborough (borough), Scarborough. Sleights l ...
*
Ruswarp
Ruswarp village lies within the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. It is around from Whitby, at the junction of the B1410 and B1416 roads, on the River Esk and the Esk Valley Line, with trains stopping at Ruswarp railway s ...
*''
Whitby
Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a maritime, mineral and tourist heritage. Its East Clif ...
'', roof removed 1953
Seamer to Hull, Y&NMR, 1846-7
*
Cayton
Cayton is a village and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England, south of Scarborough.
History
Cayton is mentioned in the ''Domesday book'' as "Caitune".
In 2010, Cayton won a Silver-gilt, at the Britain in Blo ...
, closed 1952
*
Gristhorpe
Gristhorpe is a village and civil parish in the Scarborough
district of North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2011 UK census, Gristhorpe parish had a population of 397, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 386.
The remains of ...
, closed 1959
*''
Filey
Filey () is a seaside town and civil parish in the Borough of Scarborough in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the East Riding of Yorkshire, it is located between Scarborough and Bridlington on Filey Bay. Although it was a fishing ...
''
*
Hunmanby
Hunmanby is a large village and civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. It was part of the East Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. It is on the edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, south-west of Filey, south of Scarboro ...
*
Speeton
Speeton is a village in the civil parish of Reighton, in North Yorkshire, England. It lies near the edge of the coastal cliffs midway between Filey and Bridlington. It is North Yorkshire's easternmost settlement, but historically lay in the Eas ...
, closed 1970
*
Bempton
Bempton is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, near the border with North Yorkshire. It is near the North Sea coast and Flamborough Head, and is situated about north of Bridlington. It lies on the B1229 road b ...
*
Marton renamed Flamborough (1884), closed 1970
*''
Bridlington
Bridlington is a coastal town and a civil parish on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is about north of Hull and east of York. The Gypsey Race enters the North Sea at its harbour. The 2011 ...
'', roof removed 1961
*
Carnaby Carnaby is a family name which may refer to:
People
* Garth Carnaby (born 1950) New Zealand fibre physicist and science and public administrator
* Ivan Carnaby (1908–1974), Australian ornithologist
* Tom Carnaby (1913–1971), British footballer
...
, closed 1970
*
Burton Agnes
Burton Agnes (named after Agnes de Percy) is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the A614 road midway between Driffield and Bridlington.
Local landmarks include an Elizabethan manor house, ...
, closed 1970
*
Lowthorpe
Lowthorpe is a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north-east of Driffield town centre and south-west of Bridlington town centre.
It lies south-east of the A614 road and just north-west of the York ...
, closed 1970
*
Nafferton
*''
Driffield
Driffield, also known as Great Driffield, is a market town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The civil parish is formed by the town of Driffield and the village of Little Driffield. By road, it is north-east of Leeds ...
'', roof removed 1949
*
Hutton Cranswick
Hutton Cranswick is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately south from Driffield town centre, and on the A164 road.
The civil parish is formed by the village of Hutton Cranswick and ...
*
Lockington, closed 1960
*
Arram
Arram is a small (population 200) farming village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north of the market town of Beverley and east of Leconfield.
It forms part of the civil parish of Leconfield.
The ma ...
*''
Beverley
Beverley is a market and minster town and a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, of which it is the county town. The town centre is located south-east of York's centre and north-west of City of Hull.
The town is known fo ...
''
*
Cottingham
*''
Hull Paragon'' - opened 1848, roof replaced 1904
York to Market Weighton, Y&NMR 1847
*
Earswick
Earswick is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in North Yorkshire, England. It lies between Huntington and Strensall about north of York.
According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 819, in ...
, closed 1965
*
Warthill, closed 1959
*
Holtby
Holtby is a small village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in North Yorkshire, England. The population at the 2011 Census was 166. It lies close to the A166 about east of York.
History
The village is mentioned ...
, closed 1939
*
Stamford Bridge, closed 1965
*
Fangfoss, closed 1959
*''
Pocklington
Pocklington is a market town and civil parish situated at the foot of the Yorkshire Wolds in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The 2011 Census recorded its population as 8,337. It is east of York and northwest of Hull.
The town's sk ...
'', closed 1965
*
Nunburnholme
Nunburnholme is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is approximately east of the market town of Pocklington. The civil parish is formed by the village of Nunburnholme and the hamlet of Kilnwick Percy. Accor ...
, closed 1951
*
Londesborough
Londesborough is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north of the market town of Market Weighton.
The civil parish is formed by the village of Londesborough and the hamlet of Mid ...
, closed 1965
*''
Market Weighton
Market Weighton ( ) is a town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is one of the main market towns in the East Yorkshire Wolds and lies midway between Hull and York, about from either one. According to the 2011 UK cen ...
'', roof removed 1947, closed 1965
Non-railway work
* the original buildings of
York St John University
, mottoeng = They may have life and have it more abundantly
, established =
, type = Public
, administrative_staff = 618
, chancellor = Reeta Chakrabarti
, vice_chancellor = Professor Karen Bryan
, student ...
* the
de Grey Rooms
* head offices for two banks and the
Yorkshire Insurance Company The Yorkshire Insurance Company was an English insurance company.
The company was founded in 1824, in York, as the Yorkshire Fire and Life Insurance Company. Its objects were initially "to effect insurance against loss by fire and on lives and sur ...
(now
Harkers pub on
St Helen's Square)
* the
Halifax Infirmary
* the
Montpelier Baths in
Harrogate
Harrogate ( ) is a spa town and the administrative centre of the Borough of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, England. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town is a tourist destination and its visitor attractions include its spa w ...
* the
White Hart Hotel, Harrogate
The White Hart is a hotel, conference centre and grade II* listed building located in the Montpelier Quarter of Harrogate, North Yorkshire. It has served visitors to the spa town for over 250 years.
History
The York Courant of 20 August 1765 co ...
1846
* renovations to some 18 churches, including that at
Newton on Ouse
* Dewsbury Terrace, York - a terrace of 15 two-storey houses in
Bishophill
Bishophill is an area of central York, in England. It lies within the city walls and has been occupied since at least the Roman period.
Etymology
Known as "Bichill" by 1334, the name was also recorded as "Bychehill Lomelyth", "Lomelyth" being ...
* Priory Street, York - two pairs of townhouses (no.s 8 & 10, 31 & 33) in Bishophill
* The Newton on Ouse Primary School and School House
References
*
*
*
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrews, George Townsend
19th-century English architects
1804 births
1855 deaths
York and North Midland Railway
British railway architects
North Eastern Railway (UK) people
Architects from Exeter
Architects from Yorkshire
People from York