Chinley, Buxworth And Brownside
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside is a
civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
within the High Peak district, which is in the county of
Derbyshire Derbyshire ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, and South Yorkshire to the north, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south-east, Staffordshire to the south a ...
, England. Partially rural with several villages contained within, its population was 2,794 residents in the 2021 census. The parish is north west of
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
, north west of the county city of
Derby Derby ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area on the River Derwent, Derbyshire, River Derwent in Derbyshire, England. Derbyshire is named after Derby, which was its original co ...
, and north of the nearest
market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...
of
Chapel-en-le-Frith Chapel-en-le-Frith () is a town and civil parish, in the Borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, England. It has been dubbed the "Capital of the Peak", in reference to the Peak District, historically the highland areas between the Saxon lands (below ...
. Being close to the edge of the county border, it shares a boundary with the parishes of Chapel-en-le-Frith,
Edale Edale is a village and civil parish in the Peak District, Derbyshire, England, whose population was 353 at the 2011 Census. Edale, with an area of , is in the Borough of High Peak. Edale is best known to walkers as the start, or southern end ...
, Hayfield,
New Mills New Mills is a small town in the Borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, England, south-east of Stockport and from Manchester at the confluence of the River Goyt and River Sett, Sett. It is close to the border with Cheshire and above the Torrs, a ...
and
Whaley Bridge Whaley Bridge () is a town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the High Peak Borough Council, High Peak district of Derbyshire, England. It is situated on the River Goyt, south-east of Manchester, north of Buxton, north-east of Mac ...
. A substantial portion of the parish is within the
Peak District The Peak District is an Highland, upland area in central-northern England, at the southern end of the Pennines. Mostly in Derbyshire, it extends into Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire. It is subdivi ...
national park.


Geography


Location


Placement and size

Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside parish is surrounded by the following local Derbyshire places: * Hayfield and New Mills to the north * Chapel-en-le-Frith and Whitehough to the south * Barber Booth and Edale to the east *
Furness Vale Furness Vale is a village in the Borough of High Peak, High Peak district of Derbyshire, England, between New Mills and Whaley Bridge. It is bisected by the A6 road (Great Britain), A6 road and the Peak Forest Canal, whose towpath is followed by ...
and Whaley Bridge to the west. It is in area, in length and in width, within the western portion of the High Peak district, and is to the north of the county. The parish is roughly bounded by land features such as the
Kinder Scout Kinder Scout is a moorland plateau and National nature reserve (United Kingdom), National Nature Reserve in the Dark Peak of the Derbyshire Peak District in England. Part of the moor, at above sea level, is the highest point in the Peak Distric ...
nature reserve to the north and east, the Chinley-Edale rail link and the A6 road to the south, and the
River Goyt The River Goyt is a tributary of the River Mersey in North West England. Etymology The name ''Goyt'' may be derived from the Middle English ''gote'', meaning "a watercourse, a stream". Derivation from the Welsh ''gwyth'' meaning "vein" has be ...
to the west.


Settlements

There are areas of built environment mainly to the south of the parish, outside of this being essentially rural with dispersed settlements and farms throughout. The main locales are: * Chinley * Buxworth


= Chinley

= This is to the south of the parish, hemmed in between the Black Brook to the south and hillside in the north. It is the primary location of the parish, taking up prominence in the title as it is the largest urban area. Chinley maintains core local services such as food stores and hospitality, other retail, schools, railway station and churches.


= Buxworth

= Lying to the west of Chinley, it is a more scattered, less dense area, with the Black Brook and A6 road cutting through the settlement. Public functions here include school, public house, churches and canal marina.


= Other places

= Community areas, villages and hamlets within the parish include: * Bridgeholm Green, east of Chinley * Brierley Green, east of Buxworth, north of the railway line *
Chapel Milton Chapel Milton is a hamlet on the outskirts of Chapel-en-le-Frith on the road leading from there to Chinley and to Glossop. Within the parish of Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside, it takes its name from the site of a medieval corn mill, Maynstonfi ...
, to the south east * Chinley Head, in the far north * Leaden Knowl, west of Chinley * New Smithy, north of Chapel Milton * Breckend/Wash, east of Chapel Milton and New Smithy (this crosses the boundary into Chapel-en-le-Frith parish)


Routes

The key road is the A6 from Derby to
Manchester Manchester () is a city and the metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It had an estimated population of in . Greater Manchester is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.92&nbs ...
, which bypasses many of the parish populations centres and is to the south of Buxworth. The A624 from Chapel-en-le-Frith to
Glossop Glossop is a market town in the borough of High Peak (borough), High Peak, Derbyshire, England, east of Manchester, north-west of Sheffield and north of Matlock, Derbyshire, Matlock. Near Derbyshire's borders with Cheshire, Greater Mancheste ...
passes through Chapel Milton, New Smithy and Chinley Head. The B6062 spurs off this at New Smithy into Chinley, through Buxworth, and connects to the A6 close to Whaley Bridge and Furness Vale.


Environment


Landscape

The Black Brook in the south forms a flat valley in which much of the populated areas exist. Outside these, it is primarily farming and pasture land throughout the parish, with patches of forested areas, mainly along the A6 corridor to the south west and at Chinley Head to the north. The parish is hilly bar the areas around the core settlements which are in the river valley. It contains some raised areas and slopes primarily around the national park region in the north and east. The location encompasses a number of
Dark Peak The Dark Peak is the higher and wilder part of the Peak District in England, mostly forming the northern section but also extending south into its eastern and western margins. It is mainly in Derbyshire but parts are in Staffordshire, Cheshire ...
characteristics, such as gritstone upland, pastures and moorland ridges and hills.


Geology

Throughout much of the western areas of the parish and river basins are superficial deposits of the Till, Devensian -
Diamicton Diamicton (also diamict) (from Greek ''δια'' (dia-): through and ''μεικτός'' (meiktós): mixed) is a terrigenous sediment (a sediment resulting from dry-land erosion) that is unsorted to poorly sorted and contains particles ranging in siz ...
range. These deposits formed between 116 and 11.8 thousand years ago, dating from the
Quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the current and most recent of the twelve periods of the ...
period. The bedrock of the parish consists of
mudstone Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from ''shale'' by its lack of fissility.Blatt, H., and R.J. Tracy, 1996, ''Petrology.'' New York, New York, ...
s,
siltstone Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility. Although its permeabil ...
s and
sandstone Sandstone is a Clastic rock#Sedimentary clastic rocks, clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of grain size, sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate mineral, silicate grains, Cementation (geology), cemented together by another mineral. Sand ...
s of various types such as Milnrow, Chatsworth, Roaches and Kinderscout grits, most formed between 329 and 319 million years ago during the
Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ...
period. There are superficial deposits of coal west of Chinley and
peat Peat is an accumulation of partially Decomposition, decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, Moorland, moors, or muskegs. ''Sphagnum'' moss, also called peat moss, is one of the most ...
in the upland area towards Brown Knoll, formed between 2.588 million years ago and the present during the Quaternary period. In the vicinity of South Head to the north of the parish are several
shake holes A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water ...
.


Hydrological features

The parish western edge is formed by the River Goyt.
Peak Forest Canal The Peak Forest Canal is a narrow ( gauge) locked artificial waterway in northern England. It is long and forms part of the connected English/Welsh inland waterway network. Route and features General description The canal consists of two leve ...
runs parallel to the river to the west. A tributary of the Goyt, Black Brook runs along much of the parish south boundary and doubles as a canal. The Otter Brook rises at Chinley Head and flows south through Chinley into Black Brook. Hockham Brook is another tributary that forms a portion of the eastern boundary. Roych Clough and other unnamed streams are on higher ground to the far east, some of which also marks an eastern edge of the parish.


Land elevation

The parish lowest point is along the far north west boundary by the River Goyt, at . The land rises towards the north and east, Buxworth is in the range of and Chinley . Outside the settled areas, Browne Hill south of Buxworth is at , the parish rising more steeply once within the Peak District boundary, with several high points including Chinley Churn South at , Chinley Churn North at and South Head at , all north of Chinley. The peak is along the north eastern border, by Brown Knoll at .


History


Toponymy

The locales were not listed in the
Domesday Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by ...
1086 landholding survey, likely because of the wider area's designation as hunting forest owned by the king during the period. The three names demarcate the parish into informal areas. Chinley first appeared in the late 13th century, recorded in public records with the alternate spellings Chynley(e), Chinley(e), Chinle and Chinlege. It meant 'clearing in a deep valley'. Buxworth was Buggisworth(e), Bugg(e)sworth(e), Bugg(e)sword also first seen in the 13th century, possibly derived from an Anglo Saxon manor owner Bugca, meaning 'Bugca's enclosure', but more likely to derive from Ralph Bugge from Nottingham who became the Bailiff of the Forest in the Peak in 1250, whose enclosure covered the present area. It was later changed by local government order from Bugsworth to Buxworth in 1935. The name Brownside is a now little-used reference to a hamlet east of the A624 road that was first reported in the 16th century, grouping a number of scattered farms close by Breckend and Wash, and is possibly in reference to the dark, peaty landscape contained within the upper slopes of Brown Knoll which is now part of the Peak District National Park to the far east of the parish.


Parish and environment


Prehistory to medieval era and early economy

The area has unearthed few prehistoric and early history remains, such as flint scatter along the banks of the Roych Clough of unknown date or era, although similar finds in the region are estimated to be from the early Mesolithic to late Neolithic (10000 BC to 2351 BC) period. Also undated are the possible remains of a tumulus on Chinley Churn or
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
(43 AD to 410 AD) camp, which could be simple earthworks of a later period. A suggested route of a nearby Roman road from
Buxton Buxton is a spa town in the High Peak, Derbyshire, Borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, in the East Midlands region of England. It is England's highest market town, sited at some above sea level.Alston, Cumbria also claims this, but lacks a regu ...
to Glossop to the east, comes through Wash village and follows the path of the present day A624 Hayfield Road. A carved stone head with Celt stylings, appearing to date from much older although generally were medieval creations, was found in the Hough area north of Buxworth after the millennium. Black Brook was named from antiquity, the darkness of its waters derived from the peat surrounding its upland source. Chinley was also known alternately as Mainstonefield in the Middle Ages and Medieval period. The wider area was part of the Royal
Forest of High Peak The Forest of High Peak was, in medieval times, a moorland forest covering most of the north west of Derbyshire, England, extending as far south as Tideswell and Buxton. From the time of the Norman Conquest it was established as a royal hunting ...
, established since the time of the
Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, French people, French, Flemish people, Flemish, and Bretons, Breton troops, all led by the Du ...
of 1066 by
William the Conqueror William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was D ...
. It spread across over , and the parish was then a part of the Campagna ward of the forest. William Peveril was the initial steward and he was based at Peveril Castle, his descendants continued to oversee the
forest laws A royal forest, occasionally known as a kingswood (), is an area of land with different definitions in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The term ''forest'' in the ordinary modern understanding refers to an area of wooded land; however, the ...
, but the area was later repossessed by King Henry II after the family fell out of favour. The forest was granted away several times since to others including royal sons, until coming under the ownership of the
Duchy of Lancaster The Duchy of Lancaster is an estate of the British sovereign. The estate has its origins in the lands held by the medieval Dukes of Lancaster, which came under the direct control of the monarch when Henry Bolingbroke, the then duke of Lancast ...
at the end of the 14th century. Merevale Abbey, a
Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
religious order was founded in 1148 and in the early 12th century granted a herbage near Chinley Head, now known as Monk's Meadow Farm, the Duchy however continued to collect rent on the holdings for several centuries. In around 1157 the
ancient parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
of Glossop was established, Bowden Middlecale was a southern subdivision for taxation reasons, and it eventually contained ten hamlets including Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside. One of the first instances of industry was recorded at what would become Chapel Milton, which was noted in records from the late 13th century, the Kings Mill was reported by 1391 as a corn mill owned by the monarch, and this forming the placename. The Chapel prefix is a reference to the nearby town of Chapel-en-le-Frith, as the village had no local religious buildings. Forest wardens were living in Chinley and Buxworth before the 14th century to assist in upholding the law of the forest, but by this time the growing population had begun encroaching on the area, breaching laws by using land for farming, obtaining fuel and building houses. Although fines and other severe forms of punishment were at first routinely handed out to offenders, by the mid-17th century, enforcement had softened and locals instead being charged rent or taxed. North-west Derbyshire is said to be ‘a vast extent of rough grazing’, with ‘short, cool summers, harsh winters and 60 inches of rain', and with a resulting landscape that sets hard expectations with what is achievable when farming. Up to the 16th century this was generally a mix of subsistence farming based on sheep, cattle, corn and oats. Due to this it was designated hunting forest, as well as forest rules slowing local development, until the time of the Industrial Revolution era, the area of Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside only contained dispersed farmsteads and scattered residences, the nearest settlements being at Chapel-en-le-Frith and Hayfield. Although there was an attempt near to Chinley in 1569 to enclose common land, this was opposed by locals violently with riots, with further disputes in the middle 1570s. The Duchy's herbage was subdivided in 1569 and the portions rented out to local farmers. Chinley eventually was enclosed by 1628. and the arrangement remaining for some centuries until the late 1800s when it was sold. By 1590 the Earl of Shrewsbury had purchased from Elizabeth I much of the Longendale estate surrounding Glossop village, and a map prepared showed the Chinley herbage surrounded by lands described as 'great waste' but which did contain some settled areas.


End of forest era, later industrial period

After the
English Civil War The English Civil War or Great Rebellion was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Cavaliers, Royalists and Roundhead, Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of th ...
during the middle 17th century with the monarchy's power much lessened, the status of much of the royal forests were abolished or largely reduced by 1635, along with the sale of much of the land within. John Speed's map of 1610 did not indicate any places contained within the present-day parish, but showed the remaining area of the Forest was much smaller, and then localised around the
Peak Forest Peak Forest is a small village and civil parish on the main road the ( A623) from Chapel-en-le-Frith to Chesterfield in Derbyshire. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 335. The village grew from the earlier settlement of ...
village.
Hearth tax A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on wealth. It was calculated based on the number of hearths, or fireplaces, within a municipal area and is con ...
assessments of the time demonstrated the subsequent effect of this; between the start of the tax in 1662 and 1670 there were substantial increases, either due to rebuilding of houses larger and/or more housing overall. Those records also showed how sparsely populated the hamlets of Bowden Middlecale were, with Chinley, Buxworth and particularly Brownside amongst the lowest. These three were administratively grouped for
poor rate In England and Wales the poor rate was a tax on property levied in each parish, which was used to provide poor relief. It was collected under both the Old Poor Law and the New Poor Law. It was absorbed into "general rate" local taxation in the ...
s purposes in 1713, predating the eventual 1894 civil parish. Burdett's map of Derbyshire in 1767 gave some insight into the state of the hamlets, with Chinley by this time taking some precedence with noted local areas including Chinley Houses, Chinley Churn and Chinley Head; (Chapel) Milton also, while Four Lane End was the then name of Chinley village. Brownside took in some of the scattered farms in the east and was later known as Breckhead, the wider eastern area also encompassing Over Fold/Upper Fold and Shireoaks hamlets alongside Wash village, which is on the east boundary of the parish and where properties span into the neighbouring Chapel-en-le-Frith parish. Many of these were built in the 17th to 18th century and were primarily farmhouses and agricultural buildings. Leaden Knowl also started to develop from the 18th century onwards as a dormitory settlement of Chinley. Bugsworth Hall had been improved in 1627 by the Carrington family at Buxworth, although some of the fabric dated from earlier, and this spurred the development of a surrounding hamlet around it. By the 17th century some industry was in place, such as quarrying at Cracken Edge, Chinley Churn, Chinley Head and others for slate, limestone and sandstone. There were coal mining/bell pits on the surrounding moorland towards Buxworth. Much of this output was moved via
packhorse A packhorse, pack horse, or sumpter refers to a horse, mule, donkey, or pony used to carry goods on its back, usually in sidebags or panniers. Typically packhorses are used to cross difficult terrain, where the absence of roads prevents the use of ...
. Additional local activities included
handloom A loom is a device used to weaving, weave cloth and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the Warp (weaving), warp threads under tension (mechanics), tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of ...
weaving and a woollen mill at Whitehall, south of Chinley. Because of the relatively undeveloped character of the area, there was some interest in improving communications due to the strides made elsewhere in the country because of the
Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succee ...
as well as exporting the produce, so turnpike roads were built, with a petition put to Parliament in March 1792 by "the Gentlemen, Clergy, Merchants, Principal Tradesmen, and Inhabitants, residing in or near the Towns of Chapel-en-le-Frith, Chapel Milltown, Chinley....", the subsequent Act enabling a road from Chapel en le Frith to Hayfield, which was built by 1795 and is numbered as the present-day A624. The first school in Buxworth was built with public subscription in 1826 by at Brierley Green, north of the Black Brook. The construction was carried out voluntarily by local farmers and quarrymen, it became a Congregationalists School and a Sunday School for the village. In 1902 a Congregational Chapel was built alongside the schoolroom. Another school was built in 1884. A school was rebuilt at New Smithy in 1834, its original date is unclear. St. James' Church School was constructed in 1878, Further development included Buxworth becoming the terminus of the Peak Forest Canal which ran alongside Black Brook stream which was partly diverted in places to accommodate it, the canal stretched from
Manchester Manchester () is a city and the metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It had an estimated population of in . Greater Manchester is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.92&nbs ...
. This was linked there to the
Peak Forest Tramway The Peak Forest Tramway was an early horse- and gravity-powered industrial railway (or tramway) system in Derbyshire, England. Opened for trade on 31 August 1796, it remained in operation until the 1920s. Much of the route and the structures ...
which was an early horse-drawn railway, both designed by
Benjamin Outram Benjamin Outram (1 April 1764 – 22 May 1805) was an English civil engineer, surveyor and industrialist. He was a pioneer in the building of canals and tramways. Life Born at Alfreton in Derbyshire, he began his career assisting his father ...
, and a major shareholding held by
Samuel Oldknow Samuel Oldknow (1756–1828) was an English cotton manufacturer. Early life and family Samuel Oldknow Jnr, the eldest son of Samuel Oldknow Sr and Margery Foster, was born on 5 October 1756 in Anderton, near Chorley in Lancashire. He had a yo ...
. They opened in 1796 was and were primarily built to transport limestone away from the quarries at
Dove Holes Dove Holes is a village in the High Peak district of Derbyshire, England. It has a population of about 1,200 (2001), shown in the 2011 Census as being included in the population of Chapel-en-le-Frith. It straddles the A6 road, approximately ...
, the stone also being used to construct the canal. The Buxworth interchange became the busiest and largest inland canal port, but it was initially planned further downstream at Chapel Milton which was the closest practical location to getting narrowboats to these upland areas However, to avoid building locks at Whitehough, and on realising the water basin might not be guaranteed a good water supply and that a reservoir would have to be built at Wash village, which would incur additional expense, along with the discovery of gritstone deposits at Crist and Barren Clough which was en route curtailed these. The gritstone mine was further developed, becoming renowned for the anti-slip properties of the stone, creating additional income for the canal company. in 1928 it was closed after being worked out and used as landfill until the 1980s. There were several historic industrial locations utilising the natural energy of the fast flowing Black Brook; Whitehall Mill was established around 1781, south west of Chinley and claimed during its time to making the largest rolls of paper in England. It later became a cotton mill, a dye plant, and further on manufacturing plastics, the site renamed Stephanie Works. Britannia Mill began as a cotton mill also on the brook, west of Buxworth, it was later used for gritstone milling and a factory manufacturing seats until a fire burned down the building in 2005, and in modern times is now an industrial estate. The Forge Mill site southeast of Chinley, is primarily in the adjoining Chapel en le Frith parish but auxiliary buildings were built across the boundary, it was a paper and later bleaching mill, before being redeveloped as a residential area. Bridgeholm Mill, immediately west of Chapel Milton in Bridgeholm Green was also for paper manufacture, and later for storage before becoming a small present-day industrial estate. The mills also took advantage of the tramway and canal, using them to move their output. The mill owners also built homes closeby, White Hall is a country house south of Chinley, dating from the early nineteenth century and is built from gritstone ashlar, it is associated with its namesake paper mill, being formerly occupied by one of the owners of the mill. Carrington House, north west of Buxworth was built by the Britannia Mills owner in around the later 1800s, and later was associated to the Carringtons at the Bugsworth Hall estate. From 1796 until 1830, the transportation of limestone had little competition, and a large area of storage sheds and
lime kiln A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called ''quicklime'' (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2 This reaction can tak ...
s built up around the Buxworth end of the canal, becoming over time a 24 hour operation. By the 1830s, Chinley was a sizeable village with over 1000 inhabitants, several being involved in the various local industries. The
Cromford and High Peak Railway The Cromford and High Peak Railway (C&HPR) was a Standard-gauge railway, standard-gauge line between the Cromford Canal wharf at High Peak Junction and the Peak Forest Canal at Whaley Bridge. The railway, which was completed in 1831, was built t ...
reached nearby Whaley Bridge in 1833, connecting canals and providing an alternative route for transporting limestone from Buxworth, which to begin with supplemented the canal. This was later progressed upon by the
Midland Railway The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844 in rail transport, 1844. The Midland was one of the largest railway companies in Britain in the early 20th century, and the largest employer in Derby, where it had ...
and
Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway The Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) was formed in 1847 when the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway joined with authorised but unbuilt railway companies, forming a proposed network from Manchester to Grims ...
linking up lines to create a route between London and Manchester, the former building their line from Buxton through to New Mills via the
Great Rocks Line The Great Rocks Line is a freight railway line in Derbyshire, England, that runs between the Hope Valley Line at Chapel Milton and the stone quarries and sidings at Peak Dale and Peak Forest, before looping around to the town of Buxton. It takes ...
, and opening a station at Chinley by 1866-1867 via the Chapel Milton Viaduct and a tunnel north west of Buxworth, where another station was opened in 1867. The hamlet of New Smithy became known from a
blacksmith A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from #Other metals, other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such ...
s established there when the original one was displaced by the building of the chapel in Chapel Milton, and it was referenced in maps at the turn of the 18th century and later
gazetteer A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary or wikt:directory, directory used in conjunction with a map or atlas.Aurousseau, 61. It typically contains information concerning the geographical makeup, social statistics and physical features of a co ...
s, before the building of railways in the area. Another line, the Dore and Chinley Railway, with support from the Midland was opened from 1893-1894, connecting Sheffield and Manchester via a tri-junction and additional viaduct at Chapel Milton. The line through Chinley and Buxworth was widened to cope with this extra traffic, Chinley station was rebuilt and the Buxworth tunnel removed in favour of an embankment to accommodate this additional capacity.


Religion and non-conformist origins

Due to being in the hunting forest, there was no religious facilities directly within what would become the parish, and with Chapel-en-le-Frith and Hayfield being closeby, as well as being in the parish of Glossop meant church goers in what was a sparse area until the 17th century were mainly catered for. However, there were factions which did not conform to the
Act of Uniformity 1662 The Act of Uniformity 1662 ( 14 Cha. 2. c. 4) is an act of the Parliament of England. (It was formerly cited as 13 & 14 Cha. 2. c. 4, by reference to the regnal year when it was passed on 19 May 1662.) It prescribed the form of public prayer ...
;
William Bagshaw William Bagshaw or Bagshall (1628–1702) was an English presbyterian and nonconformist minister, known as the "Apostle of the Peak". Life He was born at Litton, Derbyshire, on 17 January 1628, the son of William Bagshaw of Hucklow. His brothe ...
, the then vicar of Glossop, amongst others who rebelled against the Act were deprived of their living and ministries. He established a congregation and regularly preached to them at nearby Malcoffe farm, just outside the parish. After Rev Bagshawe's death in 1702, the members of the church led by James Clegg started the work on finding a suitable area for building of a new worship place. In 1711, Chinley Independent Chapel (alternatively known as New Chapel) was constructed in Chapel Milton. Many of the non-conformists were subsequently embroiled in a local
tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Modern tithes are normally voluntary and paid in money, cash, cheques or v ...
court case of 1765-1766 involving a refusal to pay them which ruled in favour of landholders. Other independent and
Wesleyan Wesleyan theology, otherwise known as Wesleyan–Arminian theology, or Methodist theology, is a theological tradition in Protestant Christianity based upon the ministry of the 18th-century evangelical reformer brothers John Wesley and Charle ...
worship places were opened in primarily Buxworth and Chinley during the early and middle 19th and early 20th century, including a Primitive Methodist chapel, constructed in 1876 and a Congregational chapel erected at Brierley Green which opened in 1902. Anglican churches were also built in Buxworth (
St James's St James's is a district of Westminster, and a central district in the City of Westminster, London, forming part of the West End of London, West End. The area was once part of the northwestern gardens and parks of St. James's Palace and much of ...
) in 1874 and at Chinley (St Mary's) in 1908.


Railway inroads

By the 1860s, the railways started impacting the tramway and canal trade at Buxworth, where a substantial lime burning industry was processing the lime brought in. A decline in lime burning was taking place and the tramway transporting less limestone, primarily because of the railway more efficiently moving limestone from the quarries. Around 1870 the Midland Railway were erecting sidings within the quarry at Dove Holes and they began to take the output away faster and at cheaper costs than the tramway and canal. Additionally, the cross-country railway network enabled an easier way to import large quantities of coal directly to the quarries, and this restarted the lime-burning industry alongside, which had been taking place locally since around the mid-17th century and possibly in former centuries, being only possible due to the outcrops of local coal which became used up through the Industrial Revolution. Local limestone and lime traders were reorganised in 1891 into a single entity, Buxton Lime Firms Co Ltd (BLF) which was a grouping of 13 quarry owners working 17 limestone quarries, and included local operators of the New Road Kilns at Buxworth. In 1919 BLF was acquired by
Brunner Mond Brunner may refer to: Places * Brunner, New Zealand * Lake Brunner, New Zealand * Brunner Mine, New Zealand * Brunner, Houston, United States * Brunner (crater), lunar crater Other uses * Brunner (surname) * Brunner the Bounty Hunter, a cha ...
& Co Ltd, who later merged with other businesses to form the corporate giant
Imperial Chemical Industries Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was a British Chemical industry, chemical company. It was, for much of its history, the largest manufacturer in Britain. Its headquarters were at Millbank in London. ICI was listed on the London Stock Exchange ...
(ICI) in 1927. The Peak Forest Tramway and Canal was originally owned by the Peak Forest Canal Company, but in 1846 it was leased to the
Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway The Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway was an early British railway company which opened in stages between 1841 and 1845 between Sheffield and Manchester via Ashton-under-Lyne. The Peak District formed a formidable barrier, and ...
, which merged with others on 1847 to become the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR). The MS&LR were transporting large quantities of limestone and lime, and more often were bypassing the canal and tramway, which at this time it owned. The situation worsened until 1922 with the last use of the tramway, and in 1925 the successor railway company
LNER LNER or L.N.E.R. may refer to: *London and North Eastern Railway (1923–1947), a former railway company in the United Kingdom *London North Eastern Railway (2018–), a train operating company in the United Kingdom * Liquid neutral earthing resi ...
, by now the owner was allowed by government order to wind down operations. The tramway tracks were dismantled and taken away for scrap, and the land of the route sold piecemeal to buyers. The canal and Buxworth basin was closed down and became derelict. The railways were however thriving during this period, with Chinley station particularly becoming increasingly a key station on the line, taking 11,000 passengers in 1892, and after becoming an interchange once the line to Sheffield was opened, usage accelerated to 29,000 in 1902, and 67,000 by 1922. Gowhole sidings were built in the far north west of the parish in 1902, becoming a key
marshalling yard A classification yard (American English, as well as the Canadian National Railway), marshalling yard (British, Hong Kong, Indian, and Australian English, and the former Canadian Pacific Railway) or shunting yard (Central Europe) is a railway y ...
for the Midland until 1969. From the 1930s Chinley station began to be used by ramblers from Manchester and elsewhere, alighting to access the scenic environs within the parish and beyond.


Buxworth twinning and name change

Brierley Green adjoins Buxworth and is to the north of the Hope Valley railway line, in the early 19th century one of the cottages was the home of the Clayton family. The eldest son, Joel Henry Clayton, emigrated to
Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, second-most populous city in Pennsylvania (after Philadelphia) and the List of Un ...
,
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...
in the US from the late 1830s to live with an uncle and seek his fortune. Other Clayton family members followed him over the next few years and eventually they settled in the
Diablo Valley The Diablo Valley refers to a valley in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area, to the west/northwest of Mount Diablo. The valley contains the cities of Clayton, Concord, Martinez, Pleasant Hill (home to Diablo Valley College), most of W ...
at the foot of
Mount Diablo Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range, in Contra Costa County, California, Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California. It is south of Clayton, California, Clayton and northeast of Danville, Califo ...
, some 30 miles from San Francisco, The family prospered and Clayton became a successful businessman and landowner, and along with a business partner called Charles Rhine, they formed a new
township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
. The decision to the name of the new settlement was based on the toss of a coin and Clayton rather than Rhinesville was the result, being officially founded in 1857. Clayton was officially twinned with Buxworth in 1996, a memorial plaque was installed on Clayton's birth place, and a Buxworth themed exhibition was created at the Historical Museum in Clayton. As a high-profile centre of the limestone trade, Buxworth was known by the 19th century as Bugsworth and from 1854 began to court with a new identity due to local apathy with the name. New names suggested included Lymedale, Limedale, Dalesworth, Green Valley, Bucksworth but none of these really captured the villagers' attentions. By 1914 the general feeling seemed to be coming to a consensus, even local bookmakers were in on it with some favourable odds on Lymedale. The parish council agreed to having local voters decide in September 1914, but by then
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
had begun and it did not take place, the question again coming to a head 15 years later in 1929, the new push being promoted by the local vicar, Reverend Dr J R Towers and the village schoolmaster W T Prescott, although dissenting opinion came from the adjoining parish of Chapel-en-le Frith, which contained part of the village and wanted to retain the original name. The referendum finally taken, the decision being in favour of Buxworth which was formally changed by Derbyshire County Council in 1935. Certain local landmarks followed suit, such as the train station, but others retained their pre-change titles or used them interchangeably, such as Bugsworth Hall, along with the canal basin and the war memorial hall.


Canal restoration and modern developments

The Buxworth canal site from 1927 when it was formally closed by the LNER, remained mainly unused through nationalisation of much of the canal network in 1948, and despite official attitudes which often saw the canals only as commercial highways, there was some growing recognition of using them for leisure purposes. It stayed derelict until 1968 when the
Inland Waterways Protection Society The Bugsworth Basin Heritage Trust (BBHT), formerly known as the Inland Waterways Protection Society (IWPS), is a British organisation founded in 1958 to work for the restoration of the canal system. Its members carried out surveys of canals an ...
(IWPS) obtained permission from
British Waterways British Waterways, often shortened to BW, was a statutory corporation wholly owned by the government of the United Kingdom. It served as the navigation authority for the majority of canals and a number of rivers and docks in England, Scotlan ...
to restore the basin. In 1975, the basin was re-watered and boats passed into it for the first time in more than 30 years. However, the canal was found to be leaking and it had to be drained shortly afterwards. There were further aborted attempts to allow boats in 1982 and 1999 before geological studies were done which enabled it to reopen permanently in 2005. Following this, the IWPS rededicated their aims towards upkeep and improvement under the new name of the Bugsworth Basin Heritage Trust (BBHT). A stretch of the tramway from the basin was converted into a walking trail in 1998 becoming the Peak Forest Tramway Trail. In September 2022 after nearly 75 years, BBHT handed back management of the basin to the Canal and River Trust. High Peak Isolation hospital or the High Peak Hospital for Infectious Diseases, north west of Chapel Milton on the present A624 Hayfield Road was opened in May 1902 and was in use over 40 years before becoming little used with the inception of the
NHS The National Health Service (NHS) is the term for the publicly funded health care, publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom: the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care (Northern ...
. It was then used by the Chapel-en-le-Frith rural council and in use as headquarters from 1953–54, then were offices of the High Peak Borough Council and it also housed Chinley Register Office, until 2018 when the buildings were converted into offices housing the High Peak
Business Park A business park or office park is a designated area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. These types of developments are often located in suburban areas where land and building costs are more affordable, and are typically ...
. There had been discussion in government as far back as 1934 for a road to ease congestion through the town of Chapel-en-le-Frith, the A6 road at the time went from Buxton to Whaley Bridge via Fernilee, circling around the west of the parish. The Chapel-en-le-Frith bypass road was finally built through Buxworth between 1984 and 1987 and numbered the A6, the old A6 being renumbered as the A5004. In 1969,
Pat Phoenix Patricia Phoenix (born Patricia Frederica Manfield; 26 November 1923 – 17 September 1986) was an English actress who became one of the first sex symbols of British television through her role as Elsie Tanner, an original cast member of '' ...
, actress in the long-running television serial drama
Coronation Street ''Coronation Street'' (colloquially referred to as ''Corrie'') is a British television soap opera created by ITV Granada, Granada Television and shown on ITV (TV network), ITV since 9 December 1960. The programme centres on a cobbled, terraced ...
, became the licensee of the Navigation Hotel, and while a co-star Joan Francis (playing Dot Greenhalgh in the series) assisted as bar staff. Chinley station was in a period of growth before the turn of the 20th century, and Buxworth station being less than a mile away inevitably suffered although it was close to the village and Brierley Green, ended up taking mainly local rail traffic while Chinley handled the long distance trains. After World War II, both stations' ticket receipts fell substantially, but Buxworth particularly was described as ' unremunerative' and after little improvement, closed in 1958. The line between Buxton and Matlock was closed to passengers from 1967, further impacting numbers. Since then, with Chinley becoming a commuter suburb for Manchester has seen numbers grow to 60,000 rail users in 2004 and over 120,000 by 2016. The redundant Buxworth station was purchased for just over £1,000 by the Manchester based
Burnage Academy for Boys Burnage Academy for Boys, formerly known as Burnage High School for Boys, is an 11–16 boys secondary school with academy status, located in Burnage, Manchester, England. The school was founded in September 1932 as Burnage High School on its ...
in 1969, to be used as an outdoor activity base, which was opened by the
Duke of Devonshire Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family. This (now the senior) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has b ...
in July 1973. More growth was evident with the Whaley Bridge water treatment works built in 1912 adjacent to Furness Vale, straddling the parish boundary to the west. The upper areas of the Peak District have seen a number of aircraft involved in accidents due to the high ground, inclement weather and visibility at times. An
Airspeed Oxford The Airspeed AS.10 Oxford is a twin-engine monoplane aircraft developed and manufactured by Airspeed Ltd, Airspeed. It saw widespread use for training Commonwealth of Nations, British Commonwealth aircrews in navigation, radio-operating, bombin ...
Mk I from RAF Seighford crashed on Brown Knoll in December 1945 while on a map reading training exercise. The three aircrew survived with injuries. A rail accident between Chinley and New Smithy in March 1986 involving a passenger train colliding with a freight train caused a
derailment In rail transport, a derailment is a type of train wreck that occurs when a rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway sys ...
, one driver was killed and 32 passengers were taken to hospital. In the late 1990s, locals began to campaign for reverting back to Buxworth's original name, spurred in part by the then canal renovations and the area still continuing to be known as Bugsworth Basin. In 1999
High Peak Borough Council High Peak Borough Council is the local authority for High Peak, Derbyshire, High Peak, a non-metropolitan district with borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status in Derbyshire, England. The administrative offices of High Peak Borough ...
arranged for a referendum, with the result being to keep the modern name. Rec Rocks was an annual music festival run during 2014-2017 from Clough Head farm north of Buxworth, raising money for various local charitable efforts. The area of the parish was increased in 2008, with the portion of Buxworth village south of the Black Brook to Eccles Road was transferred from Chapel-en-le-Frith parish after local consultation. Chinley railway station in 2018 celebrated 150 years of existence with the unveiling of a plaque and new noticeboard. A new £1.4 million community centre to replace the existing Chinley building, which was built in the 1960s, was formally approved by the High Peak district council planning team in 2022, and opened in April 2025.


Governance


Local bodies

Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside parish is managed at the first level of public administration through a parish council. At district level, the wider area is overseen by High Peak Borough council.
Derbyshire County Council Derbyshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes Derby. The county council is ba ...
provides the highest level strategic services locally.


Electoral representation

For electoral purposes, the parish is wholly in Blackbrook ward of the High Peak district, in the Whaley Bridge electoral division for Derbyshire county elections, and within the High Peak parliamentary constituency.


Demographics


Population

There are 2,794 residents recorded in total within Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside parish for the 2021 census, a minimal reduction from the 2,796 residents recorded for the 2011 census, which itself was an increase from 2,647 (6%) of the 2001 census. The population majority is mainly working age adults, with the 18–64 years age bracket taking up 63%. Infants to teenage years are another sizeable grouping of around 18%, with elderly residents (65 years and older) making up a similar number (19%) of the parish population.


Labour market

In reports for the 2011 census, a substantial number of 18 years old locals and above are in some way performing regular work, with 74% classed as economically active. 10% are economically inactive, and 16% are reported as retired. A majority of residents' occupations are in skilled trades, professional and managers, directors and seniors.


Housing and mobility

2011 statistics record over 1,200 residences exist throughout the parish, primarily at Chinley, the largest settlement. The majority of housing stock is of the fully detached type, semi detached or terraced. The vast majority of these (>900) are owner occupied, with other tenure including social and private rentals. During the 2011 census, the majority of households (90%) reported having the use of a car or van.


Economy


Historic

Although highly rural which encouraged much land use historically for agriculture and pastural farming, there is little evidence found of how the land was used prior to the Norman Conquest, which saw the wider area used as a royal hunting forest. Despite that restriction, some land was granted away and other areas given to small tenants in the following centuries. Other local industry during that period included some quarrying, with slate workings at Cracken Edge alongside Chinley Churn and smaller, later locations such as limestone at Crist and Barren Clough and sandstone along Hayfield Road. Coal mining look place to the west of the Churn area, from the 1700s into the 19th century. A number of mills were based on the Black Brook. As for labour in the middle 1800s, reported occupations included schoolmasters, mason, paper manufacturer,
spinning Spin or spinning most often refers to: * Spin (physics) or particle spin, a fundamental property of elementary particles * Spin quantum number, a number which defines the value of a particle's spin * Spinning (textiles), the creation of yarn or thr ...
and blacksmiths.


Present

There are several business types throughout the area mainly based at mill buildings and farm areas which reuse agricultural buildings and storage facilities, including plastics manufacturing, metal fabrication, pet bereavement services and pet care, holiday accommodation, stone masons, medical research and a water treatment facility. In Chinley there are some nucleated retail areas for small businesses, primarily along Lower Lane, with others on Green Lane. They cater to the local population with business types such as various food offerings, convenience store, postal services and home furnishings. There are public houses at Chinley, Bugsworth Basin and Chinley Head.


Education

There are two primary schools at Chinley to the east of the village, Chinley Primary and Peak School. There is a primary school at Buxworth village.


Community and leisure


Amenities

The parish has a number of publicly accessible facilities and commercial business activities. There is a community centre and
Women's Institute The Women's Institute (WI) is a community-based organization for women in the United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand. The movement was founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada, by Erland and Janet Lee with Adelaide Hoodless being the ...
building, both at Chinley. Shopping options and services at Chinley include a post office, launderette, deli, restaurant, salon, pharmacy,
hypnotherapist Hypnotherapy, also known as hypnotic medicine, is the use of hypnosis in psychotherapy. Hypnotherapy is generally not considered to be based on scientific evidence, and is rarely recommended in clinical practice guidelines. However, several p ...
and a newsagents/convenience shop. Some of the shops are within a restored arcade. With the parish only containing villages, the nearby towns of Chapel-en-le-Frith and Whaley Bridge are accessed by residents for larger or weekly shopping items, petrol stations, secondary school education and markets. There are two
allotment Allotment may refer to: * Allotment (Dawes Act), an area of land held by the US Government for the benefit of an individual Native American, under the Dawes Act of 1887 * Allotment (finance), a method by which a company allocates over-subscribed ...
sites, at Chinley and Buxworth, opened in 2011.


Recreation

These include Chinley Sports Ground, which has two grassed football pitches at Chinley, and a recreation ground is at Buxworth. Both have children's playgrounds, there are also cycle & skatepark facilities at Chinley. Chinley Park Local Nature Reserve, is off Stubbins Lane. Neighbourhood allotment sites are at both Chinley and Buxworth. Squirrel Green which was previously a bowling green, is in the centre of Chinley.


Community groups

These include a village cinema,
yoga Yoga (UK: , US: ; 'yoga' ; ) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines that originated with its own philosophy in ancient India, aimed at controlling body and mind to attain various salvation goals, as pra ...
and
pilates Pilates (; ) is a type of mind-body exercise developed in the early 20th century by German physical trainer Joseph Pilates, after whom it was named. Pilates called his method "Contrology". Pilates uses a combination of around 50 repetitive e ...
groups, Brownies and
Girl Guides Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of Girlguiding, The ...
, young people, over-60s, parents and toddlers, community swimming sessions at Peak School, football, cricket, netball, table tennis, running, cycling, Chinley & Buxworth Community Association, allotment associations, Women’s Institute, Chinley
scout Scout may refer to: Youth movement *Scout (Scouting), a child, usually 10–18 years of age, participating in the worldwide Scouting movement ** Scouts (The Scout Association), section for 10-14 year olds in the United Kingdom ** Scouts BSA, sect ...
group, Friends of Chinley Park, Bugsworth Basin Heritage Trust, Chinley and Buxworth Transport Group, chess club, bridge club, toddler group, church groups, craft club, book swap / drop and exercise classes.


Events

These include the Chinley Summer Fete, Chinley Christmas Market,
well dressing Well dressing, also known as well flowering, is a tradition practised in some parts of rural England in which wells, springs and other water sources are decorated with designs created from materials such as flower petals. The custom is most close ...
in Buxworth, Buxworth Olympics and Buxworth Steam Weekend. There are annual spring and summer running events, the Eccles Pike Fell Race which is a
fell running Fell running, also sometimes known as hill running, is the sport of running and racing, off-road, over upland country where the gradient climbed is a significant component of the difficulty. The name arises from the origins of the English sport o ...
event from Buxworth to
Eccles Pike Eccles Pike is an isolated hill three miles west of Chapel en le Frith in the Derbyshire Peak District, England. It consists of gritstone, pink in colour at the summit. While not as prominent as the surrounding hills of Cracken Edge and Combs Mo ...
and back with a length of and climb of , and the Buxworth 5 Road Race from Buxworth to Whitehough and back, length of and climb of .


Tourism

Approximately half of the parish is within the Peak District National Park, at the western edge of the Dark Peak landscape area, the station facilitating access to ramblers and walkers. Peak Forest Tramway Trail and Bugsworth Basin are also local attractions, accessed both by foot and pleasure craft. Chinley has a camping area south of New Smithy village.


National Trail

National Trails are
long distance footpath A long-distance trail (or long-distance footpath, track, way, greenway) is a longer recreational trail mainly through rural areas used for hiking, backpacking, cycling, equestrianism or cross-country skiing. They exist on all continents exce ...
s and bridleways in
England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
and
Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...
. They are administered by
Natural England Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, ...
. The Pennine Bridleway is long, from Peak Forest village it enters the parish via The Roych area, and follows an old packhorse route to South Head before continuing onto Hayfield and beyond.


Cycling

Route 68 of the National Cycle Network is also known as the Pennine Cycleway, and it crosses from the west to the north west of the parish through Buxworth and Brierley Green.


Landmarks


Conservation


Structural protections


= Listed buildings

= There are 31 items of architectural merit throughout the parish, mainly with statutory Grade II listed status. Chinley Independent Chapel at Chapel Milton has a higher designation of Grade II*, the rest are several farmhouses and some associated buildings such as barns, along with the 19th-century built Buxworth Anglican church.


= Scheduled monuments

= There is only one example of a protected historic monument, which spans several local features - Bugsworth canal basin at Buxworth, with remains of the Peak Forest Tramway, along with a quarry north of Buxworth and remaining limekilns. Although the village was later renamed, the basin retained its legacy title.


Environmental designations


= National park

= A portion of the upland area in the parish is contained within the Peak District national park, north of Buxworth and New Smithy villages. It encompasses a section of Wash village to the east and some Victorian residences along the northern outskirts of Chinley.


= Green belt

= The western portion of the parish not already in the Peak District National Park, except for the immediate built up areas of Chinley and Buxworth and the open land south of the A6 road, are within the North West Derbyshire green belt, which is a component of the Liverpool, Manchester, West and South Yorkshire (North West) green belt.


= 'Freedom to roam'

= Much of the upland east of the Pennine Bridleway National Trail is defined as open access land which is privately held by landowners but publicly accessible, up to Brown Knoll and beyond.


= Conservation areas

= These are at Buxworth, Chapel Milton, Chinley, Leaden Knowl and Wash, adding additional developmental protections to the core of those villages.


= Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)

= The far east of the parish surrounding the Brown Knoll hill lies within the Dark Peak SSSI.


= Local Nature Reserve

= Stubbins Park, to the immediate west of Chinley village is the only nature reserve within the parish, and is approximately in area. It is alternatively known locally as Chinley Park Nature Reserve.


War memorials

There are a number of monument items throughout the parish commemorating local personnel who served in the
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
and
WWII World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
conflicts: * There is a WWI war memorial club hall at Buxworth * Chinley Park (also known as Stubbins Park Local Nature Reserve) is a war memorial park on Stubbins Lane, with a plaque * A memorial cross in the graveyard of Chinley Independent Chapel, Chapel Milton * An
obelisk An obelisk (; , diminutive of (') ' spit, nail, pointed pillar') is a tall, slender, tapered monument with four sides and a pyramidal or pyramidion top. Originally constructed by Ancient Egyptians and called ''tekhenu'', the Greeks used th ...
at White Knowle Chapel graveyard * A cross at Church of St James, Buxworth * A plaque at Church of St Mary, Chinley * There is an informal plaque located at the birthplace of Jack Marriott in New Smithy village, who was a flight engineer in 617 Squadron during the
Operation Chastise Operation Chastise, commonly known as the Dambusters Raid, was an attack on Nazi Germany, German dams carried out on the night of 16/17 May 1943 by No. 617 Squadron RAF, 617 Squadron RAF Bomber Command, later called the Dam Busters, using spe ...
dambusters raid.


Transport


Bus services

Chinley, Buxworth, Brierley Green, Chapel Milton, Leaden Knowl, New Smithy and the Rosey Bank housing development are catered to with public transport services. The 190 bus route runs between Buxton and Whaley Bridge. There are 6 buses in both directions between Monday to Friday, and 5 services on Saturdays. There are no buses on Sundays. There is also a school bus catering to the local primary and Chapel-en-le-Frith secondary school.


Railway station

Chinley railway station maintains regular stopping services to Manchester and Sheffield. There are also some direct services westwards, such as to Stockport, Warrington and Liverpool, and eastwards, including Chesterfield, Nottingham, Grantham, Peterborough and Norwich


Religious sites

There are two Anglican places of worship, St Mary's at Chinley and St James's at Buxworth. Chinley Independent Chapel was an early local centre for non-conformists and is based in Chapel Milton. At Brierley Green there is a
Congregational Church Congregationalism (also Congregational Churches or Congregationalist Churches) is a Reformed Christian (Calvinist) tradition of Protestant Christianity in which churches practice congregational government. Each congregation independently a ...
.


Notable people

* James Clegg (1679–1755), local minister and author * John Bennet (1714–1759), preacher, resident of Chinley * Ralph Harrison (1748–1810), nonconformist minister, born in Chinley * Joel Henry Clayton (1812–1872), US entrepreneur, born in Brierley Green *
Judson Sykes Bury Judson Sykes Bury (1852–1944) was a British physician, surgeon, and neurologist. Biography After education at Amersham Hall and then two years at Owens College, Manchester, Judson Bury entered University College London and studied medicine a ...
(1852–1944), physician and surgeon, resident of Chinley *
Alma Howard Alma Clavering Howard Rolleston Ebert (23 October 1913 – 1 April 1984) was a Canadian-born English radiobiologist. She was joint editor for many years of the International Journal of Radiation Biology and deputy director of Paterson La ...
(1913–1984),
radiobiologist Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of radiation on living tissue (including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation ...
, resident of Chinley *
John Thoday John Marion Thoday FRS (30 August 1916 – 25 August 2008) was a British geneticist. He was the son of the botanists David Thoday and Mary Gladys Thoday. He was Arthur Balfour Professor of Genetics at Cambridge University between 1959 an ...
(1916–2008),
geneticist A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic process ...
, born in Chinley * Jack Marriott (1920–1943), member of 617 Squadron, participant in the WWII Operation Chastise dambusters raid, resident of New Smithy *
Pat Phoenix Patricia Phoenix (born Patricia Frederica Manfield; 26 November 1923 – 17 September 1986) was an English actress who became one of the first sex symbols of British television through her role as Elsie Tanner, an original cast member of '' ...
(1923–1986), actress, former owner of the Navigation Inn public house at Buxworth * Mike Stevenson (1927–1994), journalist and
cricket Cricket is a Bat-and-ball games, bat-and-ball game played between two Sports team, teams of eleven players on a cricket field, field, at the centre of which is a cricket pitch, pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two Bail (cr ...
er, born in Chinley * Alan Hill (born 1950), cricketer and umpire, born in Buxworth *
Tony Marchington Anthony Frank Marchington (2 December 1955 – 16 October 2011) was an English biotechnology entrepreneur and businessman, famous as the co-founder of Oxford Molecular, and the former owner of the famous Class A3 4472 ''Flying Scotsman'' loco ...
(1955–2011),
biotechnology Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and Engineering Science, engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services. Specialists ...
entrepreneur and businessman, resident at Buxworth


Sport

Buxworth Cricket Club play in the Derbyshire & Cheshire Cricket League. Buxworth Football Club play in the Hope Valley Amateur League of the Derbyshire Football Association.


References


External links


Rights of way in Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside


{{Derbyshire, state=expanded Civil parishes in Derbyshire High Peak, Derbyshire