August Allebé (19 April 1838 – 10 January 1927) was an artist and teacher from the Northern Netherlands. His early paintings were in a

romantic Romantic may refer to: Genres and eras * The Romantic era, an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement of the 18th and 19th centuries ** Romantic music, of that era ** Romantic poetry, of that era ** Romanticism in science, of that e ...

style, but in his later work he was an exponent of

realism Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to: In the arts *Realism (arts), the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts Arts movements related to realism include: *Classical Realism *Literary realism, a move ...

and

impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating ...

. He was a major initiator and promoter of

Amsterdam Impressionism Amsterdam Impressionism was an art movement in late 19th-century Holland. It is associated especially with George Hendrik Breitner and is also known as the ''School of Allebé''. The innovative ideas about painting of the French Impressionists w ...

, the artist's association St. Lucas, and the movement of the

Amsterdamse Joffers The Amsterdamse Joffers were a group of women artists who met weekly in Amsterdam at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. They supported each other in their professional careers. Most of them were students of the Rijksakademie ...

. Amsterdam Impressionism – sometimes referred to by art historians as the School of Allebé – was the counterflow to the very strong

Hague School The Hague School is a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the Realism (visual arts), realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school genera ...

in the movement of Dutch

Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating ...

. As a professor at the Royal Academy of Amsterdam (

Rijksakademie The Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten (State Academy of Fine Arts) was founded in 1870 in Amsterdam. It is a classical academy, a place where philosophers, academics and artists meet to test and exchange ideas and knowledge. The school support ...

van beeldende kunsten) he fostered a cosmopolitan attitude toward art and the promotion and motivation of his students, and provided a significant stimulus to developments in

modern art Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the tradi ...

Biography

He was born in Amsterdam. According to the RKD he followed evening classes at

Felix Meritis Felix Meritis ("Happy through Merit") is the name of an intellectual society in Amsterdam, but subsequently used for the building they built for themselves on the Keizersgracht. History It was built according to a winning design by the arch ...

and studied at the Antwerp Academy, the

Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten The Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten (State Academy of Fine Arts) was founded in 1870 in Amsterdam. It is a classical academy, a place where philosophers, academics and artists meet to test and exchange ideas and knowledge. The school supports ...

, and the

École des Beaux-Arts École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century ...

in Paris.August Allebé
in the RKD He was a pupil of

Petrus Franciscus Greive Petrus Franciscus Greive (25 March 1811 in Amsterdam – 4 November 1872 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter and lithographer. Biography He studied with Jean Augustin Daiwaille, Jan Willem Pieneman and Christiaan Julius Lodewijk Portman (1799– ...

, Adolphe Mouilleron,

Charles Rochussen Charles Rochussen ( Kralingen, 1 August 1814 – Rotterdam 22 September 1894) was a 19th-century painter from Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who was also known as an illustrator and printmaker. Charles was the second son of the wealthy businessma ...

and

Louis Royer Louis Royer (1793–1868), also Lodewyk Royer, was a Flemish sculptor who worked in the Netherlands where he received many commissions from the royal family and for public statues. Life Apprenticeship He was born in Mechelen where he first studie ...

. He became a member of

Arti et Amicitiae Arti et Amicitiae (lat .: For Art and Friendship) is a Dutch artist's society founded in 1839, and located on the Rokin in Amsterdam. The Society (also called Arti for short) has played a key role in the Netherlands art scene and in particular i ...

in Amsterdam from 1863 and a member of Société Royale Belge des Aquarellistes from 1868. In 1870 he became a professor at the Royal Academy of Amsterdam (Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten) and was a director there from 1880. The RKD lists 179 pupils and it is known that he stayed in correspondence with ex-pupils and several artists came back to the academy to be able to follow classes with him. He was a strong influence on the

, and had close ties with

. He died in Amsterdam in 1927 and is buried at Zorgvlied cemetery. A square is named after him in the neighborhood of streets named after 19th- and 20th-century Dutch painters in

Overtoomse Veld Overtoomse Veld is a neighborhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is named for the '' Overtoomse Sluis'', which was an old portage point dating from the 14th century on a major cargo route to and from Amsterdam at the junction of two waterschap are ...

-Noord, Amsterdam.

''Kunstenaarsvereniging Sint Lucas''

In 1880, the ', an artist's association in Amsterdam, was founded with his support. They became part of the Amsterdam art scene, and community center of artists and lovers of painting. Here contacts were made, passed on knowledge and thus the antithesis of successful structured

, which was part of the international movement of impressionism. In addition, links to Amsterdam Soziëteit

were present, which were essential for both institutions.

Some of his well-known students

* Lizzy Ansingh (1875–1959)She belonged to the "Amsterdamse Joffers", part of the Amsterdamse Impressionism. * Floris Arntzenius (1864–1925) *

Johan Braakensiek Johan Coenraad Braakensiek (24 May 1858 – 27 February 1940) was a Dutch painter, illustrator and political cartoonist. He is the grandfather of Jan van Oort. Personal life Braakensiek was born in Amsterdam, the son of Albert Braakensiek ...

(1858–1940)He had got private lessons. *

Nicolaas Bastert Syvert Nicolaas Bastert (7 January 1854 – 18 April 1939), was a 19th-century Dutch landscape painter, best known for his scenes along the river Vecht. He is counted among the "second generation" of the Hague School. Biography Bastert was b ...

(1854–1939 *

Johanna Bauer-Stumpff Jo Bauer-Stumpff (5 September 1873 – 19 December 1964) was a Dutch people, Dutch painter. Bauer-Stumpff was born in Amsterdam and trained at the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten there, where she studied under August Allebé.Jo Bauer in the ...

(1873–1964) *

Tjeerd Bottema Tjeerd (Tsjeard) Bottema (6 February 1884 in Langezwaag – 8 March 1978 in Katwijk) was a Dutch painter, illustrator and book cover designer. Biography Bottema was a student at Kunstnijverheidsschool Quellinus and the Rijksakademie van b ...

(1884–1978) *

Johan Coenraad Braakensiek Johan Coenraad Braakensiek (24 May 1858 – 27 February 1940) was a Dutch painter, illustrator and political cartoonist. He is the grandfather of Jan van Oort. Personal life Braakensiek was born in Amsterdam, the son of Albert Braakensiek ...

(1858–1940) *

Cornelius de Bruin Cornelius may refer to: People * Cornelius (name), Roman family name and a masculine given name * Pope Cornelius, pope from AD 251 to 253 * St. Cornelius (disambiguation), multiple saints * Cornelius (musician), stage name of Keigo Oyamada * Metr ...

(1870–1940) * Georg Hendrik Breitner (1857–1923) *

Antoon Derkinderen Antonius Johannes (Antoon) Derkinderen ('s-Hertogenbosch, 20 December 1859 – Amsterdam, 2 November 1925) was a Dutch painter, Glass artist, Draftsman and designer of book covers. Life Early Years Antoon Derkinderen was born in 's-Hertog ...

(1859–1925) * Eduard Frankfort (1864–1920) * Leo Gestel (1881–1941) * Arnold Marc Gorter (1866–1933) *

Marie Heineken Marie Henriëtte Heineken (8 June 1844 – 1 March 1930) was a Dutch painter mainly known for flower still lifes. Her paintings are characterised as impressionist. Biography Marie Heineken was born on 8 June 1844 on the Korte Prinsengracht in ...

(1844–1930) * Richard Roland Holst (1884–1956) *

Isaac Israëls Isaac Lazarus Israëls (3 February 1865 – 7 October 1934) was a Dutch painter associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement. Biography The son of Jozef Israëls, one of the most respected painters of the Hague School, and Aleida ...

(1865–1934) * Cornelius Jetses (1873–1955) *

Hendrik Maarten Krabbé Hendrik Maarten Krabbé, or Heinrich Martin Krabbé (4 May 1868, London – 22 December 1931, Amsterdam) was a Dutch genre artist and portrait painter. Biography His father worked as a claims examiner for a life insurance company.

(1868–1931) * Jacobus van Looy (1855–1930) *

Kees Maks Cornelis Johannes Maks (August 22, 1876 – October 28, 1967), known as Kees Maks, was a Dutch painter born in Amsterdam. He studied for a time at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam, before becoming a pupil of George Hendrik Breitner.Jansen ...

(1876–1967) *

Herman Mees Hermanus Ellen (Herman) Mees (18 September 1880 in Veendam – 28 November 1964 in Zuidlaren) was a Dutch artist, active as painter, watercolorist, draftsman, pastelist, lithographer, and academy lecturer.

(1880–1964) *

Wally Moes Wilhelmina Walburga "Wally" Moes (16 October 1856 – 6 November 1918) was a Dutch genre painter and writer. She specialized in pictures of children. Biography Moes was born in Amsterdam where she attended the Rijksacademie voor Beeldende Kuns ...

(1856–1918) * Pieter Cornelius Mondriaan (1872–1944) *

Martin Monnickendam Martin Monnickendam (February 25, 1874 – January 4, 1943) was a Dutch people, Dutch painter and draftsman. Life Monnickendam was born in Amsterdam and trained at the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten there from 1891. His early work is mostly ...

(1874–1943) *

Gerard Muller Gerard Gustaaf Muller (20 January 1861 – 26 March 1929) was a Dutch Impressionist painter associated with the Tachtigers literary movement. His later works show elements of Orientalism. Biography His father, Johan Werner Anton Muller, was a ...

(1861–1929) * Jacoba Johanna Ritsema (1876–1961) * Suse Robertson(1855–1922) * Jan Slyters (1881–1957) *

Hobbe Smith Hobbe Smith (7 December 1862, Witmarsum – 1 May 1942, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter, watercolorist and graphic designer, in the Post-Impressionist style. Biography His father was a house painter and he was apprenticed to a lithographer at ...

(1862–1942) *

Dirk Smorenberg Dirk Smorenberg (September 4, 1883 – September 14, 1960) was a Dutch painter. Smorenberg was born in Alkmaar, North Holland. He started painting in 1906 on a professional base. He is considered as one of the few Dutch Art Deco painters. He trav ...

(1883–1960) *

Willem Bastiaan Tholen Willem Bastiaan Tholen (Amsterdam, 13 February 1860 – The Hague, 5 December 1931) was a Dutch painter, draftsman and printmaker with some connections to members of the Hague School and later associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement. ...

(1860–1931) * Jan Tiele (1884–1956) * Johannes Theodorus Toorop (1858–1928) * Maurits van der Valk (1857–1935)In 1880 he got the membership of St. Lucas as student. *

Jan Pieter Veth Jan Pieter Veth (18 May 1864, Dordrecht – 1 July 1925, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter, poet, art critic and university lecturer. He is especially noted as a portrait painter. Amongst his sitters were Max Liebermann, Lambertus Zijl, Frank van ...

(1864–1925) *

Gerhard Westermann Gerhardus "Gerhard" Bernardus Josephus Westermann (25 December 1880, Leeuwarden – 3 February 1971, Amsterdam) was a Dutch artist. In 1932 he won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his "Horseman". Westermann's work ...

(1880–1971) *

Petrus Theodorus van Wijngaerdt Petrus may refer to: People * Petrus (given name) * Petrus (surname) * Petrus Borel, pen name of Joseph-Pierre Borel d'Hauterive (1809–1859), French Romantic writer * Petrus Brovka, pen name of Pyotr Ustinovich Brovka (1905–1980), Soviet Belar ...

(1873–1964) *

Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (13 February 1855 in Amsterdam – 23 May 1925 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter. He belongs to ''The 2. Golden Age of Dutch Painting''. He is an impressionist of the School of Allebé, better known as Amsterdam Impress ...

(1855–1925) * Ernst Witkamp (1854–1897) * Willem Jan Willemsen (1866-1914) *

Jacques Witjens Adrianus Hendrikus "Arie" “Jacques” Witjens (11 April 1881 – 7 December 1956) was a Dutch painter known for his landscapes, cityscapes and figures of his native Netherlands and Argentina, where he lived after 1920. Early life and educatio ...

(1881-1956) *

Willem Witsen Willem Witsen (13 August 1860, Amsterdam - 13 April 1923, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter and photographer associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement. Witsen's work, influenced by James McNeill Whistler, often portrayed calm urban lands ...

(1860–1923) * Jan Zoetelief Tromp (1872–1947)

Successful students of Allebé

* Lizzy Ansingh – she won the Barend Polviet and the Willink van Collenprijs in 1906. *

Pieter Florentius Nicolaas Jacobus Arntzenius Pieter Florentius Nicolaas Jacobus Arntzenius (9 June 1864 – 16 February 1925) was a Dutch painter, water-colourist, illustrator and printmaker. He is considered a representative of the younger generation of the Hague School. Arntzenius was ...

– he got a commendation from the Willink van Collenprijs in 1890. * Eduard Frankfort – he got the Gold medal from the Sociëteit Arti et Amicitae. *

– he got a commendation by the Willink van Collenprijs in 1889. *

- she won the 1. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1884. * Henri Goovaerts – he won the Prix de Rome in 1890. *

- he won the 1. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1887. *

- he won the 2. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1888. *

- he won the 2. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1883 and in 1903 he got from the Queen Königin the Gold Medal of honor. *

– won the 1. Platz of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1883. * Ernst Witkamp – he won the 1. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1882. *

- he won the 2. place of the Willink van Collenprijs in 1885.

Gallery of the important students

File:Markt met bloemenstalletjes Rijksmuseum SK-A-3724.jpeg, Floris Arntzenius (1874/1925): ''Market with flower stalls'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam File:Bastert Vechtlandschap.jpg,

(1890): ''Vechtlandschap'' File:Een waterplas in een weiland Rijksmuseum SK-A-3623.jpeg, Nicolaas Bastert (1890/1919): ''Een waterplas in een weiland'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam File:Suze Robertson - Woman spinning.jpg,

Suze Robertson Suze Robertson (17 December 1855 – 18 October 1922) was a Dutch painter. She belonged to a group of artists known as the Amsterdamse Joffers. Biography Suze Robertson was born to a family of merchants. Her mother died when she was two and she ...

(1900): ''Woman spinning'', Gemeentemuseum Helmond File:Boomgaard te Eemnes Rijksmuseum SK-A-4741.jpeg, Richard Roland Holst (1888/1895): ''Boomgaard te Eemnes'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam File:Hartjesdag.jpg,

(1926): ''Hartjesdag'', Amsterdam Museum File:George Hendrik Breitner - Girl in a Red Kimono (Geesje Kwak).jpg, George Hendrik Breitner (1893/1895): ''Girl in a Red Kimono'' File:De Bazel Vijzelstraat 32.jpg,

De Bazel De Bazel is a listed/protected historic building on the west side of the Vijzelstraat in Amsterdam (at number 32), and stretches from the Herengracht to the Keizersgracht. It stands as an example of Brick Expressionism. History The building w ...

, Vijzelstraat, Amsterdam File:Processie (Antoon Derkinderen, 1889).jpg, Antoon Derkinderen (1889): ''Processie van het H. Sacrament van Miracel'', Amsterdamse Begijnhofkapel File:Leo Gestel Nevelzon - a sunny morning 1910.jpg, Leo Gestel (1910): ''A sunny morning'' File:Vordense Beek in de winter - Gorter.jpg, Arnold Marc Gorter (1900): ''Vordense Beek in de winter'' File:Young lady by Heinrich M Krabbé.jpg,

(1900): ''Young lady'' File:Van Looy Café.jpg, Jacobus van Looy (1890/1895): ''Café'', Franz-Hals-Museum File:Wally Moes - Sleeping baby.jpg,

(1900): ''Sleeping baby'' File:Oostzijdse molen aan het Gein bij maanlicht.jpg,

Piet Mondrian Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan (), after 1906 known as Piet Mondrian (, also , ; 7 March 1872 – 1 February 1944), was a Dutch painter and art theoretician who is regarded as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. He is known for being ...

(1903): ''Oostzijdse Mill along the River Gein by Moonlight'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam File:Mondriaan Molen bij zonlicht.jpg, Piet Mondriaan (1908): ''Mill in Sunlight'', Gemeentemuseum The Hague File:Piet Mondriaan, 1939-1942 - Composition 10.jpg, Piet Mondriaan (1939/1942): ''Composition 10'' File:SA 1308-Gezicht op de IJhaven en de Javakade naar het westen, met een “blauwpijper” van de Nederlandsche Stoomvaart Maatschappij Oceaan-Havengezicht het IJ ten zuiden v-d Handelskade.jpg,

(1913): ''Gezicht op de IJhaven en de Javakade naar het westen, met een "blauwpijper" van de Nederlandsche Stoomvaart Maatschappij Oceaan-Havengezicht het IJ ten zuiden v-d Handelskade'', Amsterdam Museum. Willem Bastiaan Tholen 001.jpg,

(1882): ''De schilder Gabriël aan het werk in de vrije natuur'', Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam File:Annie Hall te Lissadell, Surrey Rijksmuseum SK-C-1666.jpeg, Johannes Theodorus Toorop (1885): ''Annie Hall in Lissadell'', Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam File:Maurits van der Valk-Stilleven met schelp en schaaltje.jpg, (1917): ''Stilleven met schelp en schaaltje'' File:Portret van Albert Verwey Rijksmuseum SK-C-1680.jpeg,

(1885): ''Portret van Albert Verwey'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam File:A winter landscape with houses along a canal by Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1855-1925).jpg,

(1900): ''A winter landscape with houses along a canal''

Exhibition

* Allebé, August 1838 – 1927, Teylers Museum, Dortrecht

In possession of the Museum a.s.f.

* Historisch Museum, Amsterdam, * Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, * Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, * Universiteit van Amsterdam, * Dordrechtsmuseum, Dordrecht, * Rijksmuseum "Zuiderzeemuseum", Enkhuizen, * Teyler Museum, Haarlem, * Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, * Museum Mesdag, The Hague, * Rijksmuseum Köller-Müller, Otterlo, * Stania State, Oenkerk, * Leiden Universiteit, * Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam and * Fogelsaugh State, Veonkloster.

Biography

* Hammacher, A.W. (1946): ''Amsterdamsche Impressionisten en hun Kring'', Amsterdam, J.M. Meulenhoff * Loos, Wiepke und van Serooskerken, Carpel van Tuyll (1988): ''Waarde Heer Allebé – Leven en werk van August Allebé (1838–1927)'', Wanders, * Muller, Sheila D. (2013): ''Dutch Art – An Encyclopedia'', Routledge, * Bouret, Jean: ''L'École de Barbizon et le paysage française au XIXe siècle'', Neuchâtel, 1972 * Pillement, Georges: ''Les Pré-Impressionistes'', Zug, 1972, CCLC 638279063 * Berson, Ruth (1989): ''The new Painting: Impressionism 1874 – 1886'', Documentation, 3 Bd., Phaidon Press Ltd. Oxford, * Broude, Norma (1990): ''Impressionismus – eine Internationale Bewegung 1860–1920'', Dumond Buchverlag Köln, * Constable, Freda: ''John Constable, a biography, 1776–1837'', Lavenham, Dalton, 1975, * Noon, Patrick (1991): ''John Parkers Bonington – On the Pleasure of Painting'', Balding + Mansell, * Sillevis, John; Kraan, Hans und Dorn, Roland 1987: ''Die Haager Schule, Meisterwerke der Holländischen Malerei des 19. Jahrhunderts aus Haags Gemeentemuseum'', Ausst.Kat. Kunsthalle Mannheim, Edition Braus, * Pfeifer, Ingrid und Hollein, Max (2008): ''Impressionistinnen'', Aust.-Kat. Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Hatje Crantz, * ''Die Düsseldorfter Malerschule 1830–1920'', Bd. 1 und 2, Ausst.-Kat. D'dorf, * House, John und Stevens Mary Anne (1979): ''Post-Impresionism'', Weidenfeld and Nicolson London, * Guratzsch, Hedwig (1979): ''Die große Zeit der niederländischen Malerei'', Herder, * Brax, Dr. d. (1952): ''Hollandes en vlaamse Schilderkunst in Zuid-Afríka'', J.H. de Bussy Amsterdam * Heilmann, Christoph; Clarke, Michael und Sillevis, John (1996): ''Corot, Courbet und die Maler von Barbizon (Les amis de la nature)'', Klinkhardt & Biermann, * Loos, Wiepke; te Rijdt, Robert Jan und van Heteren, Marjan (1997): ''Niederländische Landschaftsmaler: Meisterwerke des 18. und des 19. Jahrhundert''s, Ausst.-Kat. Belser Verlag, * Bühler, Hans Peter (1979): ''Die Schule von Barbizon'', Verlag F. Bruckmann KG, München, 1979 * Moffet, Charles S. (1986): ''The New Painting 1878–1886'', Ausst.-Kat. Phaidon Oxford, * Beyeler, Ernst (2002): ''Claude Monet und die Geburt des Impressionismus'', Ausst.-Kat., Prestel, * Aschoff, Ulrike (2014): ''Camille Pissarro – der Vater des Impressionismus'', Ausst.-Kat. von der Heydt Museum, * Lorenceau, Bernhard (1996): ''Johan Barthold Jongkind – 1819 –1891'', Brame Lorenceau Paris, * van Eikeren, Johan H. (1947): ''De Amsterdamse Joffers: Maria E. van Regteren Altena, Ans van den Berg, Jo Bauer-Stumpff, Nelly Bodenheim., Lizzy Ansingh, Coba Ritsema, Coba Surie, Betsie Westendorp-Osieck'', * Glorie, Ingrid (2000): ''Juffers en Joffers: een eerbewijs aan vrouwen in de schilderkunst'', De Doelenpers, * Wright, Christopher (1980): ''Paintings in Dutch Museums'', Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., London,

Publications

* J. Knoef, onbekende grafiek van A. Allebé, Oud Holland, 68, 1953, Seite 174–178 * A. Hoogendoorn, Een jeugdwerk von August Allebé, Oud Holland, 69, 1954, Seite 58 ff.

References

August Allebé artworks (paintings, watercolours, drawings), biography, information and signaturesAugust Allebé
on

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Allebe, August 1838 births 1927 deaths Dutch Impressionist painters Hague School Modern painters Painters from Amsterdam 19th-century Dutch painters Dutch male painters 20th-century Dutch painters 19th-century Dutch male artists 20th-century Dutch male artists