Aks 130000 or Aks 13 was a

sabotage Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, disruption, or destruction. One who engages in sabotage is a ''saboteur''. Saboteurs typically try to conceal their identitie ...

squad which existed from 1944 to 1945, during parts of the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany in

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. It was a part of the

Norwegian resistance movement The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: ''Motstandsbevegelsen'') to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms: *Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, ...

, specifically

Milorg Milorg (abbreviation of militær organisasjon – military organization) was the main Norwegian resistance movement during World War II. Resistance work included intelligence gathering, sabotage, supply-missions, raids, espionage, transport of ...

. "Aks" was short for ''Aksjonsgruppe''—"group of action". Milorg had no such group for the first years of its existence, and on occasions it had to rely on the

Osvald Group The Osvald Group was a Norwegian organisation that was the most active World War II resistance group in Norway from 1941 to the summer of 1944. Numbering more than 200 members, it committed at least 110 acts of sabotage against Nazi occupying fo ...

to perform important missions. Aks 13000 was created in August 1944 when

Svein Blindheim Svein Lavik Blindheim (29 August 1916 – 17 March 2013) was a Norwegian military officer, known for his resistance work during World War II. Personal life Blindheim was born in Voss as a son of educator Severin Nicolai Blindheim (1890–1925) ...

was appointed as chief of sabotage missions in Milorg's District 13 (D13). Blindheim was later succeeded by William Houlder. Knut Egil Nordahl was the substitute leader during Houlder's absence in March and April 1945. The second-in-command remained the same throughout the period: Per Røed. Important aides-de-camp and

orderlies In healthcare, an orderly (also known as a ward assistant, nurse assistant or healthcare assistant) is a hospital attendant whose job consists of assisting medical and nursing staff with various nursing and medical interventions. The highest ro ...

were

Arvid Hansen Arvid Hansen (1 March 1916 – 13 February 1945) was a Norwegian resistance member who was executed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He was born in Oslo as the son of Harald and Helga Marie Hansen. He worked in Oslo as an el ...

, Joar Olsen, Arnfinn Salveson, Finn Gjestvold, Kåre Thoresen, Reidar Andersen and Knut Valstad. Sabotage team leaders were Kjell Bull-Hansen (who died and was replaced by Odd Isøy), Richard Andvord,

Rolv Enge Rolv Øistein Enge (29 June 1921 – 5 April 2014) was a Norwegian resistance member and architect. World War II During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, he became involved in Milorg. He formed a group called ''Barlindgjengen'' (the "Yew G ...

, Jan Müller, Thor Hammerstrøm, Oddvar Felumb, Hermann Høst, Ola Tyvold, Hjalmar Munthe-Kaas Lund and Øystein Jensen. They had several important cooperators among the civil populace, first and foremost physician

Per Giertsen Per Egeberg Giertsen (26 June 1906 – 1990) was a Norwegian physician, especially known for helping members of the Norwegian resistance movement during and after World War II. Pre-war career He was born in Kristiania (Oslo), and graduated from t ...

, in addition to people who supplied cover-up apartments and other protection, among them

Ørnulf Bast Ørnulf Bast (25 January 1907 – 28 October 1974) was a Norwegian sculptor and painter particularly known for his public monuments. Background Ørnulf Bjarne Bast was born in Oslo. His parents were Halsten Andersen Bast Birklund (1870–19 ...

. Aks 13000 was the most important sabotage group in Norway in the occupation's latter phase, together with Pellegruppa and

Oslogjengen Oslogjengen (lit. ''The Oslo Gang'', also called Kompani Linge's Oslo Detachment) was a sabotage group operating in Oslo from May 1944 to May 1945, during the last year of the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. The group had its basis in both the ...

. The members of Aks 13000 performed about 100 missions of sabotage, explosion or theft. The first mission was an assault on the gasoline depot at Bygdøy on 31 August 1944. The most active person was Per Røed, although he sometimes oversaw missions instead of seeing violent action. The most active saboteur was Odd Isøy. The hardest blow to the organization was dealt in February and March 1945. In a coincidental interception of a sabotage planning meeting in February,

Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...

killed

Adolf Bogstad Adolf Bogstad (22 April 1920 – 13 February 1945) was a Norwegian resistance member who was killed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He was born and lived in Østre Aker. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, he became i ...

and arrested

Storm Weinholdt Storm Willads Weinholdt (11 January 1920 – 17 March 1945) was a Norwegian resistance member who was executed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He was born and lived in Oslo, at Kampen. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germa ...

and Frank Olsen. They proceeded to kill

and arrest Erik Bruun, Henry Gundersen,

Kåre Olafsen Kåre Adolf Olafsen (19 January 1920 – 17 March 1945) was a Norwegian resistance member who was executed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He was born in Sørum, and lived in Østre Aker. He became involved in Milorg in 1941, duri ...

and Kjell Ramberg on the same evening.Øyen, ed, 2007: p. 175 The next day Joar Olsen was killed by

Statspolitiet (; shortened STAPO) was from 1941 to 1945 a National Socialist armed police force that consisted of Norwegian officials after Nazi German pattern. It operated independently of the ordinary Norwegian police. The force was established on 1 June 19 ...

. All these arrested persons were executed on 17 March 1945. Only one week later, on 24 March 1945, Kjell Bull-Hansen and Odd Isøy were captured by coincidence; Isøy managed to escape whereas Bull-Hansen was killed escaping. Other personnel, including William Houlder and Per Røed, were wounded during Aks 13000's existence.Øyen, ed, 2007: p. 98

References

{{Reflist 1944 establishments in Norway 1945 disestablishments in Norway Norwegian resistance movement