Events

January–March

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

–

Carolean Death March The Carolean Death March ( sv, karolinernas dödsmarsch), also known as the Catastrophe on Øyfjellet ( sv, katastrofen på Öjfjället) was the disastrous retreat by a force of Swedish soldiers (known as Caroleans), under the command of Carl ...

begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

- Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the

Tydal Tydal is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ås. Other villages include Østby, Gressli, Aunet, and Stugudalen. There is a school and a kindergarten in Tydal. The inhabi ...

mountains in a

blizzard A blizzard is a severe snowstorm characterized by strong sustained winds and low visibility, lasting for a prolonged period of time—typically at least three or four hours. A ground blizzard is a weather condition where snow is not falling b ...

kills around 3,700 men and cripples a further 600 for life. *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

– The

Principality of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarch ...

is created, within the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...

. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

(January 23

Old Style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...

) – The

Riksdag of the Estates Riksdag of the Estates ( sv, Riksens ständer; informally sv, Ståndsriksdagen) was the name used for the Estates of Sweden when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to t ...

recognizes

Ulrika Eleonora Ulrika Eleonora or Ulrica Eleanor (23 January 1688 – 24 November 1741), known as Ulrika Eleonora the Younger, was Queen of Sweden, reigning in her own right from 5 December 1718 until her abdication on 29 February 1720 in favour of her husband ...

's claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden. *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...

– The first Treaty of Stockholm is signed. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

–

Farrukhsiyar Farrukhsiyar or Farrukh Siyar () (20 August 16839 April 1719) was the tenth emperor of the Mughal Empire from 1713 to 1719. He rose to the throne after assassinating his uncle, Emperor Jahandar Shah. Reportedly a handsome man who was easily sw ...

, the

Mughal Emperor The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled t ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

since 1713, is deposed by the

Sayyid brothers The term Sayyid brothers refers to Abdullah Khan and Syed Husain Ali Khan, who were powerful in the Mughal Empire during the early 18th century. They were Indian Muslims who claimed to belong to the family of Sayyids or the descendants of t ...

, who install

Rafi ud-Darajat Rafi ud-Darajat (; 1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719), the youngest son of Rafi-ush-Shan and the nephew of Azim-ush-Shan, was the eleventh Mughal Emperor. He was placed on the throne by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, after they had executed the ...

in his place. In prison, Farrukhsiyar is strangled by assassins on April 19. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

– A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude >7) in El Salvador results in large fractures, liquefaction zones, and a sulphuric gas leak. It destroys houses, churches and monasteries. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

– The coronation of

Queen of Sweden The monarchy of Sweden is the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the #IOG, Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5. which is a constitutional monarchy, constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.Parliamentary ...

takes place in Stockholm.

April–June

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 – ...

– The French army under

James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica, 1st Duke of Fitz-James (21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister o ...

invades the Basque provinces of Spain, with 20,000 troops crossing into Navarre. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...

– In

Louisiana (New France) Louisiana (french: La Louisiane; ''La Louisiane Française'') or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France. Under French control from 1682 to 1769 and 1801 (nominally) to 1803, the area was named in honor of King Louis XIV, ...

Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville (; ; February 23, 1680 – March 7, 1767), also known as Sieur de Bienville, was a French colonial administrator in New France. Born in Montreal, he was an early governor of French Louisiana, appointed four ...

's brother Serigny arrives on a French man-of-war, bringing news that war had been declared between France and Spain (since December

1718 Events January – March * January 7 – In India, Sufi rebel leader Shah Inayat Shaheed from Sindh who had led attacks against the Mughal Empire, is beheaded days after being tricked into meeting with the Mughals to discus ...

). *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

–

Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe (; born Daniel Foe; – 24 April 1731) was an English writer, trader, journalist, pamphleteer and spy. He is most famous for his novel ''Robinson Crusoe'', published in 1719, which is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its ...

publishes ''

Robinson Crusoe ''Robinson Crusoe'' () is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published on 25 April 1719. The first edition credited the work's protagonist Robinson Crusoe as its author, leading many readers to believe he was a real person and the book a tra ...

''. *

April 26 Events Pre-1600 *1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. * 1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 14 ...

– King

Philip V of Spain Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724, and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746. His total reign of 45 years is the longest in the history of the Spanish mon ...

departs Madrid and leads 15,000 men of the Spanish Army into Navare to fight the French under Berwick. *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

– In

, Bienville, from

Mobile Mobile may refer to: Places * Mobile, Alabama, a U.S. port city * Mobile County, Alabama * Mobile, Arizona, a small town near Phoenix, U.S. * Mobile, Newfoundland and Labrador Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Mobile ( ...

, captures

Pensacola Pensacola () is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, and the county seat and only incorporated city of Escambia County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 54,312. Pensacola is the principal ci ...

, but Pensacola is later recaptured by the Spanish, and again re-taken by Bienville."Le Moyne de Bienville, Jean-Baptiste", University of Toronto, 2000, webpag
biog-ca-Bienville
*

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

– An earthquake in Turkey damages İzmit and Istanbul, damaging some city walls and ruining mosques and palaces. *

June 4 Events Pre-1600 *1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. * 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...

–

Battle of Ösel Island The Battle of Osel Island took place on May 24, 1719 (O.S.), during the Great Northern War. It was fought near the island of Saaremaa (Ösel). It led to a victory for the Russian captain Naum Senyavin Naum Akimovich Senyavin (''Наум Аки ...

: A Russian naval force defeats the Swedish fleet. *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...

– Captain John Perry fixes Dagenham Breach. *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. *1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...

–

Battle of Glen Shiel The Battle of Glen Shiel ( gd, Blàr Ghleann Seile) took place on 10 June 1719 in the West Scottish Highlands, during the 1719 Jacobite Rising. A Jacobite army composed of Highland levies and Spanish marines, was defeated by British troops, rei ...

: British forces defeat the

Jacobites Jacobite means follower of Jacob or James. Jacobite may refer to: Religion * Jacobites, followers of Saint Jacob Baradaeus (died 578). Churches in the Jacobite tradition and sometimes called Jacobite include: ** Syriac Orthodox Church, sometime ...

and their Spanish allies. *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

–

Battle of Francavilla The Battle of Francavilla was fought on 20 June 1719 near the city of Francavilla di Sicilia in Sicily, Italy between Spain and Austria as part of the War of the Quadruple Alliance. Prelude After the destruction of the Spanish fleet in the Battl ...

: The Austrians are defeated by the Spanish. *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

– French forces under the

Duke of Berwick Duke of Berwick () ''()'' is a title that was created in the Peerage of England on 19 March 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of James II and VII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and Arabella Churchill. The title's name ...

open the

Siege of San Sebastian A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterize ...

July–September

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...

–

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...

fleet is first spotted from the Swedish coast, starting the

Russian Pillage of 1719–21 The Russian Pillage ( sv, rysshärjningarna), is the name for the action of the Imperial Russian Fleet toward the Swedish civilian population along the Swedish east coast, as well as expeditions and the raids of single unit in the inland, during t ...

as part of the

Great Northern War The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedi ...

. *

July 16 Events Pre-1600 * 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar. * 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece. * 105 ...

– The

Carlsten fortress Carlsten ( sv, Karlstens fästning) is a stone fortress located at Marstrand, on the western coast of Sweden. The fortress was built on the orders of King Carl X of Sweden following the Treaty of Roskilde, 1658 to protect the newly acquired pr ...

in Sweden surrenders to a Danish and Norwegian force after a siege of seven days. Colonel

Henrich Danckwardt Henrich Danckwardt (circa 1670 - 16 September 1719), was a Swedish military officer. Biography Danckwardt was born to Henrik Danckwardt and Elisabet Clerck, and was the grandson of Joachim Danckwardt. He served for 9 years as a page under queen c ...

, who surrendered the fortress to

Peter Tordenskjold Peter Jansen Wessel Tordenskiold (28 October 1690 – 12 November 1720), commonly referred to as Tordenskjold (), was a Norwegian nobleman and flag officer who spent his career in the service of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy. He rose to the rank ...

after being away from it while it was still defensible, is beheaded on September 16. *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 – Em ...

– In the

Battle of Stäket The Battle of Stäket was a minor battle during the Great Northern War. A probing Russian force, circumventing Vaxholm Castle, attempted to pass through Baggensstäket, a very narrow passage in the Stockholm archipelago. After a counterattack ...

, Crown Prince

Frederick I of Sweden Frederick I ( sv, Fredrik I; 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751) was prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and (as ''Frederick I'') also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730. He ascended the throne f ...

leads the successful defense of

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

from Russian Admiral

Fyodor Apraksin Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin (also ''Apraxin''; russian: Фёдор Матве́евич Апра́ксин; 27 October 1661 10 November 1728, Moscow) was one of the first Russian admirals, governed Estonia and Karelia from 1712 to 1723, was ...

Baltic Fleet , image = Great emblem of the Baltic fleet.svg , image_size = 150 , caption = Baltic Fleet Great ensign , dates = 18 May 1703 – present , country = , allegiance = (1703–1721) (1721–1917) (1917–1922) (1922–1991)(1991–present) ...

during the Russian Pillage. *

August 19 Events Pre-1600 *295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War. *43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later know ...

–

. The Spanish garrison surrenders to the Duke of Berwick. *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arabs, Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take c ...

– Princess

Maria Josepha of Austria Maria Josepha of Austria (Maria Josepha Benedikta Antonia Theresia Xaveria Philippine, pl, Maria Józefa; 8 December 1699 – 17 November 1757) was the Queen of Poland and Electress of Saxony by marriage to Augustus III. From 1711 to 1717, she ...

, at one time the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria's

Habsburg Empire The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

, marries Frederick Augustus,

Elector of Saxony The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (German: or ), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806. It was centered around the cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz. In the Golden Bull of 1356, Emperor Charles ...

ten days after renouncing any claim to the Austrian throne. *

September 3 Events Pre-1600 *36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate. * 301 – San Marino, one of the s ...

– The three-story tall ''

Opernhaus am Zwinger The (Opera house at the Zwinger) was a theatre in Dresden, Saxony, Germany, opened in 1719. The architect of the Zwinger, Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, was also responsible for the opera house situated next to its south-western pavilion. The build ...

'', one of the largest opera houses in the world at the time, opens in

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...

by staging

Antonio Lotti Antonio Lotti (5 January 1667 – 5 January 1740) was an Italian composer of the Baroque era. Biography Lotti was born in Venice, although his father Matteo was ''Kapellmeister'' at Hanover at the time. Oral tradition says that in 1682, Lotti be ...

's ''Giovi in Argo''. *

September 29 Events Pre-1600 *61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...

–

Muhammad Shah Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar; 7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748) was the 13th Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the ...

is crowned as the 12th

of India at

Shahjahanabad Old Delhi or Purani Dilli is an area in the Central Delhi district of Delhi, India. It was founded as a walled city named Shahjahanabad in 1648, when Shah Jahan (the Mughal Empire, Mughal Mughal emperors, emperor at the time) decided to shift t ...

(now

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...

), 12 days after the death of

Shah Jahan II Shah Jahan II (; June 1696 – 19 September 1719), born Rafi-ud-Daulah, was the twelfth Mughal emperor for a brief period in 1719. After being chosen by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, he succeeded his short-lived brother Rafi-ud-Darajat in th ...

from tuberculosis.

October–December

October 11 Events Pre-1600 * 1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever. *1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. * 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of Eng ...

–

Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda (died 1719) served as the 37th Governor-General of the Captaincy General of the Philippines from 1717 until his assassination. Governor-General of the Philippines Usually called ''mariscal'' (mar ...

, the Spanish

Governor-General of the Philippines The Governor-General of the Philippines (Spanish: ''Gobernador y Capitán General de Filipinas''; Filipino: ''Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas/Kapitan Heneral ng Pilipinas''; Japanese: ) was the title of the government executive during the colon ...

, is assassinated in a bloody coup d'etat by supporters of the

Archbishop of Manila The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila ( lat, Archidioecesis Manilensis; fil, Arkidiyosesis ng Maynilà; es, Arquidiócesis de Manila) is the archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in Metro Manila, Philippines, encompassing ...

, whom Bustamante had imprisoned. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's i ...

– The British Army, under the command of Major General

George Wade Field Marshal George Wade (1673 – 14 March 1748) was a British Army officer who served in the Nine Years' War, War of the Spanish Succession, Jacobite rising of 1715 and War of the Quadruple Alliance before leading the construction of barra ...

, invades and captures the forts of

Vigo Vigo ( , , , ) is a city and Municipalities in Spain, municipality in the province of Pontevedra, within the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia, Spain. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Penins ...

on the Atlantic coast of Spain. *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...

– The Red Canal is opened in the Russian capital,

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

, after seven years of construction, at a ceremony in the presence of the Tsar

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

. *

October 28 Events Pre-1600 * 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor. * 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor. * 312 – Constantine I defeats ...

–

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

and

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

sign an armistice, halting combat in the

between them, with final terms agreed to in the

Treaty of Frederiksborg The Treaty of Frederiksborg ( da, Frederiksborgfreden) was a treaty signed at Frederiksborg Castle, Zealand, on 3 July 1720Heitz (1995), p.244 (14 July 1720 according to the Gregorian calendar), ending the Great Northern War between Denmark-Norwa ...

on July 3, 1720. *

November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement f ...

– In a treaty between Sweden and Hanover at the close of the

, Sweden cedes the

Duchies of Bremen and Verden ), which is a public-law corporation established in 1865 succeeding the estates of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (established in 1397), now providing the local fire insurance in the shown area and supporting with its surplusses cultural effor ...

(in northern Germany) to Hanover. *

December 22 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Vespasian is proclaimed Emperor of Rome; his predecessor, Vitellius, attempts to abdicate but is captured and killed at the Gemonian stairs. * 401 – Pope Innocent I is elected, the only pope to succeed h ...

–

Andrew Bradford Andrew Bradford (1686 – November 24, 1742) was an early American printer in colonial Philadelphia. He published the first newspaper in Philadelphia, ''The American Weekly Mercury'', beginning in 1719, as well as the first magazine in America in ...

publishes the ''American Weekly Mercury'', Pennsylvania's first newspaper.

Date unknown

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...

conducts Europe's first systematic census. * Miners in

Falun Falun () is a city and the seat of Falun Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden, with 37,291 inhabitants in 2010. It is also the capital of Dalarna County. Falun forms, together with Borlänge, a metropolitan area with just over 100,000 inhabita ...

find the apparently petrified body of

Fet-Mats Israelsson Fet-Mats ("Fat Mats" real name: ''Mats Israelsson'') (died 1677) was a natural mummy found in Sweden in 1719. In 1719, miners in the Falun copper mine found an intact dead body in a water-filled, long-unused tunnel. When the body was put on di ...

(d.

1677 Events January–March * January 1 – Jean Racine's tragedy ''Phèdre'' is first performed, in Paris. * January 21 – The first medical publication in America (a pamphlet on smallpox) is produced in Boston. * February 15 ...

), in an unused part of the copper mine. *

Raine's Foundation School Raine's Foundation School was a Church of England voluntary aided school based on two sites in Bethnal Green in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, England. It was situated in the north of Bethnal Green, just to the east of ''Cambridge Heath ...

Bethnal Green Bethnal Green is an area in the East End of London northeast of Charing Cross. The area emerged from the small settlement which developed around the common land, Green, much of which survives today as Bethnal Green Gardens, beside Cambridge Heat ...

(founded by Henry Raine), opens in

Wapping Wapping () is a district in East London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Wapping's position, on the north bank of the River Thames, has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, ...

, England. *

James Figg James Figg (before 1700 – 8 December 1734; also spelt James Fig) was an English prizefighter and instructor in historical European martial arts. While Figg primarily fought with weapons including short swords, quarterstaffs, and cudgels, he ...

opens one of the first indoor venues for combat sports, adjoining the City of Oxford tavern in Oxford Road, London.

Births

Jacques_Alexandre_Laffon_de_Lad%C3%A9bat

R%C3%A9attu31_Barr%C3%AAme_de_Ch%C3%A2teaufort

Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger (1719-1772)

Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar, Lucknow, 1800-20

Portret van Joseph Joaldus, RP-P-1909-4754

Frances_Evelyn_Boscawen_n%C3%A9e_Glanville

Antoine_Fran%C3%A7ois,_comte_de_Fourcroy

Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales by Charles Philips

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

–

Pierre-François Hugues d'Hancarville Pierre-François Hugues, Baron d'Hancarville ( Nancy 1719 – Padua 1805) was an art historian and historian of ideas. Biography Pierre Francois Hugues was born in 1719 at Nancy, France, the son of a bankrupt cloth-merchant. He himself later ad ...

, art historian and historian of ideas (d.

1805 After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created. * February 7 – King Anouvong become ...

) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat (2 January 1719 – 18 November 1797) was a prominent shipbuilder and merchant of the port of Bordeaux in the late 18th century. His son, André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat (November 30th, 1746 – October 14th 18 ...

, French shipbuilder and merchant (d.

1797 Events January–March * January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli, a peace treaty between the United States and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at Algiers (''see also'' 1796). * January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Re ...

) **

Friedrich Christoph von Saldern Friedrich Christoph von Saldern (2 January 1719 – 14 March 1785) was a Prussian general and military writer. He proved his organizational mettle with the battlefield clean up after Liegnitz in 1760. At the Battle of Torgau he proved his tact ...

, German general (d.

1785 Events January–March * January 1 – The first issue of the ''Daily Universal Register'', later known as ''The Times'', is published in London. * January 7 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries tr ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal Friedrich Karl Joseph Reichsfreiherr von Erthal (3 January 1719 – 25 July 1802) was prince-elector and archbishop of Mainz from 18 July 1774 to 4 July 1802, shortly before the end of the archbishopric in the ''Reichsdeputationshauptschluss''. F ...

, Catholic archbishop (d.

1802 Events January–March * January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they were at risk of destruction during the Ot ...

) **

Basil Feilding, 6th Earl of Denbigh Basil Feilding, 6th Earl of Denbigh (3 January 1719 – 14 July 1800) was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the son of William Feilding, 5th Earl of Denbigh, and Dutch noblewoman Isabella Haeck de Jong, daughter of Count Peter Haeck de ...

, Earl in the Peerage of England (d.

1800 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...

) **

Francisco José Freire Francisco José Freire () (3 January 1719 – 5 July 1773), Portuguese historian and philologist, was born in Lisbon. He belonged to the monastic society of St Philip Neri, and was a zealous member of the literary association known as the Academy ...

, Portuguese historian and philologist (d.

1773 Events January–March * January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as ''Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Bucking ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

Ivan Ivanovich Belsky Ivan Ivanovich Belsky (Russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Бе́льский. 6 January 1719, Saint Petersburg — 13 January 1799, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian painter. He was part of the "Belsky Dynasty" of painters of the Eighteenth Cent ...

, Russian painter (d.

1799 Events January–June * January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars. * January ...

) ** Guillaume de Barrême de Châteaufort, French painter (d.

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

) ** William Hammond, British hymnist (d.

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

) **

Ignazio Marabitti Ignazio Marabitti (6 September 1719La Sicilia nel secolo XVIII e la poesia satiricoburlesca By Giuseppe Leanti, page 163. in Palermo – 1797 in Palermo) was a Sicilian sculptor of the late Baroque period. He trained in Rome in the studio of Fil ...

, Italian artist (d.

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

–

Maria Dorothea Wagner Maria Dorothea Wagner (1719 - 1792) was a German painter and drafter. She was primarily a landscape artist, focusing on the landscape of Saxony. Life and work Maria Dorothea Wagner was born in 1719 in Weimar. Her father was a court painter for ...

, German painter (d.

1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy '' The Road to Ruin'' in London. * February ...

) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

– Daniel Nettelbladt, German jurist and philosopher (d.

1791 Events January–March * January 1 – Austrian composer Joseph Haydn arrives in England, to perform a series of concerts. * January 2 – Northwest Indian War: Big Bottom Massacre – The war begins in the Ohio Country ...

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

–

William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam William FitzWilliam, 3rd Earl FitzWilliam (15 January 1719/20 – 10 August 1756) was a British peer, nobleman, and politician. He was the son of John Fitzwilliam, 2nd Earl Fitzwilliam by his wife Anne, daughter of John Stringer of Sutton cum Lo ...

, British peer (d.

1756 Events January–March * January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Kingdom of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain. *February 7 & ...

) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

Maria van Antwerpen Maria van Antwerpen (1719–1781) was a Dutch people, Dutch soldier and cross dresser. She is perhaps the most famous and well-documented example of a Wartime cross-dressers, female cross dresser enlisting in the army as a man. She is considered ...

, soldier (d.

1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in Eng ...

) **

Samuel Enderby Samuel Enderby (17 January 171919 September 1797) was an English whale oil merchant, significant in the history of whaling in the United Kingdom. In the 18th century, he founded Samuel Enderby & Sons, a prominent shipping, whaling, and sealing co ...

, English

whale oil Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales. Whale oil from the bowhead whale was sometimes known as train oil, which comes from the Dutch word ''traan'' ("tears, tear" or "drop"). Sperm oil, a special kind of oil obtained from the ...

merchant who sponsored Arctic exploration (d.

) ** Rajmundo Kunić, Croatian writer (d.

1794 Events January–March * January 1 – The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in Aarhus (Denmark). * January 13 – The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United States ...

) **

Johann Elias Schlegel Johann Elias Schlegel (January 17, 1719 – August 13, 1749) was a German critic and dramatic poet. Life Schlegel was born in Meissen. He was educated at Schulpforta and at the University of Leipzig, where he studied law. In 1743 he became p ...

, German critic and poet (d.

1749 Events January–March * January 3 ** Benning Wentworth issues the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont. ** The first issue of ''Berlingske'', Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, ...

) **

William Vernon William Vernon (January 17, 1719 – December 22, 1806), of Newport, Rhode Island, was a merchant in the Atlantic slave trade who played a leading role in the Continental Congress' maritime activities during the American Revolution. In 1774, Vern ...

, American merchant (d.

1806 Events January–March * January 1 ** The French Republican Calendar is abolished. ** The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon. * January 5 – The body of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state in the Painted Hall ...

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

** Benjamin Hinman, surveyor, soldier, legislator (d.

1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Janua ...

) **

Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge (22 January 1719 – 16 November 1769) was a British nobleman, styled Lord Paget from 1742 to 1743. The only son of Thomas Paget, Lord Paget, and his wife Lady Elizabeth, he was commissioned a cornet in the 1st ...

, British Earl (d.

1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in ...

) *

–

John Landen John Landen (23 January 1719 – 15 January 1790) was an English mathematician. Life He was born at Peakirk, near Peterborough in Northamptonshire, on 28 January 1719. He was brought up to the business of a surveyor, and acted as land agent to ...

, English mathematician (d.

1790 Events January–March * January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City. * January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took p ...

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

–

Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia (german: Sophia Dorothea Marie von Preußen; 25 January 1719 – 13 November 1765) was the ninth child and fifth daughter of Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover. By marriage, she w ...

(d.

1765 Events January–March * January 23 – Prince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna. * January 29 – One week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and ru ...

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

–

Magnus Gottfried Lichtwer Magnus Gottfried Lichtwer (30 January 1719, in Wurzen – 7 July 1783, in Halberstadt) was a German fabulist. Biography His father of the same name was a jurist. The younger Lichtwer studied law at Leipzig and Wittenberg. His chief work is to ...

, German writer (d.

)

February

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

–

Edward Coke, Viscount Coke Edward Coke, Viscount Coke (2 February 1719 – 31 August 1753), styled The Hon. Edward Coke from 1728 to 1744, was a British Member of Parliament. He represented Norfolk in Parliament from 1741 to 1747 and Harwich from 1747 to his death. He ...

, British politician (d.

1753 Events January–March * January 3 – King Binnya Dala of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom orders the burning of Ava, the former capital of the Kingdom of Burma. * January 29 – After a month's absence, Elizabeth Canning returns ...

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– Ernst Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf, German politician (d.

) *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

–

Alberto Pullicino Alberto Pullicino (6 February 1719 – 1759), born Philiberto Pullicino, was a Maltese people, Maltese painter. The son of Giuseppe Pullicino and Angela Cantone, he was born in Valletta and probably lived there for his entire life. He mainly pain ...

, Maltese painter (d.

) *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparkin ...

–

Clemente Sibiliato Clemente Sibiliato or Sibilato (10 February 1719 - 14 February 1795) was an Italian cleric, poet, and librarian. He was born in Bovolenta, near Padua. In a seminary of Padua, her entered religious order, and became a professor at the young age of 2 ...

, Italian cleric (d.

1795 Events January–June * January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the Central England temperature, CET records dating back to 1659. * January 14 – The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Uni ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

–

Vasilije Božičković Trifun Vasilije Božičković, O.S.B.M. (or la, Basilius Bosicskovich, 1719–1785) was the last bishop of the Eparchy of Marča (1759–1777) and the first bishop of the Eparchy of Križevci from the erection in 1777 to his death in 1785. ...

, Eparch of Križevci (d.

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

Samuel Finney Samuel Finney (1857 – 14 April 1935) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. Life and career Born at Talk-o'-th'-Hill, Finney began working when he was ten years old, and later became a coal miner. In 1881, he was appointed ...

, English miniature-painter (d.

1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of Wa ...

) **

Joseph Liesganig Joseph Xaver Liesganig (13 February 1719 – 4 March 1799) was a Jesuit priest and geodesist who was a professor of mathematics at the University of Vienna. He taught mathematics from 1742 at the University of Graz. He was involved in measuring the ...

, Austrian astronomer and Jesuit (d.

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

–

David Doig David Doig FRSE LLD (1719–1800) was a Scottish educator, philologist and writer known for historical and philosophical works. He was Rector of Stirling High School from 1760 to 1800. Doig is also believed to have been the inventor of the tartan ...

, writer (d.

) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling (15 February 1719 – 28 November 1779) was a Prussian Hussar general under Frederick the Great. Biography Belling was born in Paulsdorf, East Prussia (modern Pawłowo, Poland) to Lieutenant Colonel Johann Abra ...

, German general (d.

1779 Events January–March * January 11 – British troops surrender to the Marathas in Wadgaon, India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since 1773. * January 11 – Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manip ...

) **

Jean Jacques Flipart Jean Jacques Flipart (1719 – 10 July 1782) was a French Engraving, engraver. Biography Flipart was born in Paris. His father was the engraver Jean Charles Flipart, under whom he received his initial training in the engraver's art. His bro ...

, Engraver from France (d.

1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establish ...

) **

Crown Prince Hyojang Crown Prince Hyojang (Hangul: 효장세자, Hanja: 孝章世子; April 4, 1719 – December 16, 1728), personal name Yi Haeng (Hangul: 이행, Hanja: 李緈), was the first son of King Yeongjo of Joseon and his concubine, Royal Noble Consort Jeo ...

, crown prince of Joseon, son of king Yeongjo of Joseon (d.

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &ndas ...

–

Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger (18 February 1719 – 15 April 1772) was a German physician. He studied philosophy at the University of Tübingen and medicine at the Universities of Leipzig and Halle, obtaining his doctorate at the latter institut ...

, German physician (d.

1772 Events January–March * January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee. * January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Carolin ...

) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

– Arthur Blennerhassett, Anglo-Irish politician (d.

) *

Joseph Bellamy Joseph Bellamy (20 February 1719 – 6 March 1790) was an American Congregationalist pastor and a leading preacher, author, educator and theologian in New England in the second half of the 18th century. He was a disciple of Jonathan Edwards, and ...

, American pastor, author and educator (d.

) **

Charles Clarke Charles Rodway Clarke (born 21 September 1950) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich South from 1997 until 2010, and served as Home Secretary from December 2004 until May 2006. Early life Th ...

, English numismatist (d.

1780 Events January–March * January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet. * February 19 – The legislature of New York votes to allow ...

) *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferdina ...

– Joshua Thomas, Historian of Welsh Baptists (d.

) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

–

Moses Mather Moses Mather (23 February 1719 in Lyme, Connecticut21 September 1806 in Darien, Connecticut), was a Connecticut clergyman. Biography He graduated from Yale University in 1739, and was ordained over the Congregational church in Darien in 1744, which ...

, American clergyman (d.

) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

– Alejandro González Velázquez, Spanish architect and painter (d.

)

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

– Daniel Thurston, American army officer (d.

) *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...

–

George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot (4 March 1719 – 11 May 1777) was twice the British President of the British East India Company. Life Pigot was the eldest son of Richard Pigot of Westminster, by his wife Frances, daughter of Peter Goode, a Hug ...

, British governor of Madras (d.

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

) *

** João Carlos de Bragança, 2nd Duke of Lafões, Portuguese politician (d.

) *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...

–

Pierre-Paul Lemercier de La Rivière de Saint-Médard Pierre-Paul Le Mercier de La Rivière (10 March 1719 – 27 November 1801) was a French colonial administrator and physiocrat economist. Mercier was a councilor at the Parliament of Paris, intendant at Martinique in the West Indies (1759-1764), an ...

, French economist (d.

1801 Events January–March * January 1 ** The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of I ...

) *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

–

John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden Field Marshal John Griffin Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, 1st Baron Braybrooke (13 March 1719 – 25 May 1797), (born Whitwell), KB, of Audley End in Essex, was a British nobleman and soldier. He served as a junior officer with the ...

, British nobleman and soldier (d.

) *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...

–

Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp (16 March 1719 – 7 September 1763) was a Prussian lieutenant-general and an Imperial Russian field marshal. He was the youngest son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin and his wif ...

, Prussian lieutenant-general, Imperial Russian field marshal (d.

1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Meck ...

) *

–

Gabriel Podoski Gabriel Podoski was one of the Polish nobles in Russian service and supported their position. He was one of the leaders of the Radom Confederation, a supporter of the cardinal laws The Cardinal Laws ( pl, Prawa kardynalne) were a quasi-constitution ...

, Catholic archbishop (d.

) *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey Church, Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of ...

–

Anna Catharina Bischoff Anna Catharina Bischoff (23 March 1719 – 30 August 1787), also known as the "Lady (or mummy) of the Barfüsser Church" was the wife of the pastor Lucas Gernler. She gained popularity in 1975, when her mummified corpse was found in a shaft at th ...

, Lady (or mummy) of the Barfüsser Church (d.

1787 Events January–March * January 9 – The North Carolina General Assembly authorizes nine commissioners to purchase of land for the seat of Chatham County. The town is named Pittsborough (later shortened to Pittsboro), for ...

) *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...

–

Lubbert Jan van Eck Lubbert Jan baron van Eck (26 March 1719, Velp, Gelderland, Velp - 1 April 1765, Colombo) was the 31st Governor of Ceylon during the Dutch period in Ceylon. Van Eck was the son of Samuel van Eck (1691-1760) and Jacoba Wilhelmina Maria Couttis (c.1 ...

, Dutch noble (d.

) *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

–

John Hawkins John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...

, English author and music historian (d.

1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...

) *

March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. * 1282 &ndas ...

– John Wentworth, American jurist, soldier, leader of the American Revolution in New Hampshire (d.

)

April

April 2 Events Pre-1600 *1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Jo ...

Vincenzo Legrenzo Ciampi Vincenzo Legrenzo Ciampi (2 April 1719 – 30 March 1762) was an Italian composer. He is best known today for a work that cannot be certainly ascribed to his pen, the song "Tre giorni son che Nina in letto senesta", formerly called Pergolesi's "Nin ...

, Italian composer (d.

1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Britain enters the Seven Years' War against Spain and Naples. * January 5 – Empress Elisabeth of Russia dies, and is succeeded by her nephew Peter III. Peter, an admirer of Frederick t ...

) **

Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim (2 April 1719 – 18 February 1803) was a German poet, commonly associated with the Enlightenment movement. Life Gleim was born at the small town of Ermsleben in the Principality of Halberstadt, then part of Prussia ...

, German poet (d.

1803 Events * January 1 – The first edition of Alexandre Balthazar Laurent Grimod de La Reynière's ''Almanach des gourmands'', the first guide to restaurant cooking, is published in Paris. * January 5 – William Symington demonstrates his ...

) *

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...

Daniel Dupuy Daniel Dupuy, Sr., (April 3, 1719August 30, 1807) was an American silversmith who was active from 1745 to 1805 in Philadelphia. He was born as the fourth child of Dr. John and Anne (Chardavoine) Dupuy, Huguenots, in New York City, and apprentic ...

, American silversmith (d.

1807 Events January–March * January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies. * January 20 – The Sierra Leone Company, faced with b ...

) **

Thomas Grenville Thomas Grenville (31 December 1755 – 17 December 1846) was a British politician and bibliophile. Background and education Grenville was the second son of Prime Minister George Grenville and Elizabeth Wyndham, daughter of Sir William Wyndh ...

, Royal Navy officer killed in action in the War of the Austrian Succession (d.

1747 Events January–March * January 31 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital. * February 11 – King George's War: A combined French and Indian force, commanded by Captain Nicolas Antoine II Coul ...

) *

–

Mary Draper Mary Alvis Draper (April 4, 1719 – 1810) is known for the help she gave members of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Her story is told in Elizabeth F. Ellet's ''The Women of the American Revolution'' (1848). Mary Draper was ...

, American revolutionary character (d.

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar (1719–1749) was the first son of the Afsharid conqueror Nader Shah. When Nader came under the service of a Persian nobleman who hired him as a courier, Nader killed his assistant courier. Though his speech to the Persian ki ...

, prince of Persia (d.

) **

Axel von Fersen the Elder 250px, Fredrik Axel von Fersen Count Fredrik Axel von Fersen (5 April 171924 April 1794) was a Swedish statesman and soldier. He served as Lord Marshal of the Riksdag of the Estates, and although he worked closely with King Gustav III before and ...

, lantmarskalk or marshal of the diet (d.

) *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

–

Edmund Pery, 1st Viscount Pery Edmund Sexton Pery, 1st Viscount Pery (8 April 1719 – 24 February 1806; middle name also spelt ''Sexten'') was an Anglo-Irish politician who served as Speaker of the Irish House of Commons between 1771 and 1785. Early life He was born in Limer ...

, Irish politician, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons (d.

) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...

–

Sir Edward Blackett, 4th Baronet Sir Edward Blackett, 4th Baronet (9 April 17193 February 1804) was a baronet and member of the British House of Commons for Northumberland. Blackett was the son of John Blackett of Newby Park (the second son of Sir Edward Blackett, 2nd Baronet) a ...

, British politician and barrister (d.

1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * Februa ...

) *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. * 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. * 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...

–

Jakob Friedrich Heusinger Jakob Friedrich Heusinger (11 April 1719 in Useborn in der Wetterau – 27 September 1778 in Wolfenbüttel) was a German classical philologist. He studied philology and theology at the University of Jena, receiving his magister degree in 1748. ...

, German classical philologist (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

–

John Breynton John Breynton (1719 – 15 July 1799) was a minister in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He was born in Trefeglwys, Montgomeryshire, Wales to John Breynton (born 1670 Llanidloes) and his second wife, and baptised on 13 April 1719. He spent his fir ...

, Welsh missionary and minister (d.

) *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...

Mathieu-Antoine Bouchaud Mathieu-Antoine Bouchaud (16 April 1719 – 1 February 1804) was an 18th-century French economist and lawyer who contributed to the ''Encyclopédie'' by Diderot and d'Alembert. Werke (Auswahl) *1773: ''Théorie des traités de commerce entre ...

, French economist and professor (d.

) **

Tsugaru Nobuaki was the 6th ''daimyō'' of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan (modern-day Aomori Prefecture). His courtesy title was ''Kokushi (officials), Dewa-no-kami'', and his List of Japanese court ranks, positions and hereditary ti ...

, Japanese Daimyo (d.

1744 Events January–March * January 6 – The Royal Navy ship ''Bacchus'' engages the Spanish Navy privateer ''Begona'', and sinks it; 90 of the 120 Spanish sailors die, but 30 of the crew are rescued. * January 24 – The Dag ...

) *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

Friedrich Hensing Friedrich Wilhelm Hensing (17 April 1719 – 9 November 1745), born in Giessen, was a German professor of medicine and anatomy at the University of Giessen. The phrenicocolic ligament is called Hensing's ligament after him. Life Hensing was a s ...

, German physician (d.

1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavaria ...

) ** Pierre-Thomas-Nicolas Hurtaut, French writer (d.

) **

Christian Gottfried Krause Christian Gottfried Krause (17 April 1717 – 4 May 1770) was a German lawyer, composer and music commentator. Life Krause was born in Winzig (today Wińsko, Poland) into a musical family. His father was a Stadtpfeifer from whom he learned to p ...

, German composer (d.

1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virgi ...

) *

– William Banks, British politician (d.

1761 Events January–March * January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, and restore the Mughal Empire to Shah Alam II. * January 16 – Siege of Pondi ...

) *

April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...

–

Jacques Rochette de La Morlière Charles-Jacques-Louis-Auguste Rochette de La Morlière, called "Le Chevalier" , (22 April 1719 – 9 February 1785) was an 18th-century French playwright. Biography An unscrupulous schemer, La Morlière first sought the support of the party of ...

, French writer (d.

) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...

–

Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti (24 April 1719, Turin, Piedmont – 5 May 1789, London) was an Italian literary critic, poet, writer, translator, linguist and author of two influential language-translation dictionaries. During his years in England ...

, Italian-born English literary critic and author (d.

) *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...

–

Sir Edward Turner, 2nd Baronet Sir Edward Turner, 2nd Baronet (28 April 1719 – 31 October 1766) was one of the Turner baronets of Ambrosden and a Member of Parliament. Life Turner was the son of Sir Edward Turner, 1st Baronet and his wife Mary.Lobel, 1957, pages 15-30 He ...

, British politician (d.

1766 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism. * January 14 – Chr ...

)

May

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – Ku ...

–

Andrew Meikle Andrew Meikle (5 May 1719 – 27 November 1811) was a Scottish mechanical engineer credited with inventing the threshing machine, a device used to remove the outer husks from grains of wheat. He also had a hand in assisting Firbeck in the inve ...

, Scottish engineer (d.

1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón Brid ...

) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. *1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanis ...

–

Jean Baptiste Christy de La Pallière Jean Baptiste Christy de La Pallière (6 May 1719, in Saint-Malo – 8 September 1787, in Inzinzac-Lochrist) was a French Navy officer. He notably he captained the 74-gun ''Orient'' at the Battle of Sadras on 17 February 1782, at the Battle of Pr ...

, French Navy officer (d.

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

–

Nicholas Dias Abeysinghe Nicholas Dias Abeysinghe Amarasekere Maha Mudaliyar, ( Sinhala: නිකලස් ඩයස් අබේසිංහ අමරසේකර) (8 May 1719 - 10 May 1794) was a Ceylonese Dutch colonial administrator. He was appointed as the Maha Mud ...

, ceylonese Dutch colonial administrator (d.

) *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

–

Bjarni Pálsson Bjarni Pálsson (17 May 1719 - 8 September 1779) was an Icelandic doctor and naturalist. On 18 March 1760 he was named the first Director of Health in Iceland. Life Bjarni was born in Upsum at Eyjafjörður to Páll Bjarnason and Sigríður � ...

, Icelandic doctor (d.

) *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &n ...

Johann von Fries Johann Graf von Fries (19 May 1719 in Mulhouse, France – 19 June 1785 in Bad Vöslau, Lower Austria) descended from a Swiss family of bankers. He was a counsellor, director of the imperial silk factories, industrialist and banker. His house in V ...

, counsellor, director of the imperial silk factories, industrialist, banker (d.

) ** Charlotte of Monaco, Monegasque princess and nun (d.

) **

Matthew Patten Matthew Patten (May 19, 1719 – August 27, 1795) was an eighteenth-century judge and a resident of Bedford, New Hampshire. The diary he kept from 1744 to 1788 has been an important source for historians of New Hampshire. Biography Patten was bo ...

, American judge (d.

) *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...

–

Roger Newdigate Sir Roger Newdigate, 5th Baronet (30 May 1719 – 23 November 1806) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1742 and 1780. He was a collector of antiquities. Early life Newdigate was born in Arbury, Warwickshire, the ...

, English politician, antiquities collector (d.

) *

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 11 ...

Charles Howard, Viscount Morpeth Charles Howard, Viscount Morpeth ( bap. 22 May 1719 – 9 August 1741) was a British Member of Parliament. Howard was the eldest son of Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle, and his first wife Lady Frances, daughter of Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of ...

, British politician (d.

1741 Events January–March * January 13 – Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. * February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, popularizes the term "the balance of power" in a spe ...

) **

Julia von Mengden Baroness Julia von Mengden (Augusta Juliane) (1719–1786), was a Livonian noblewoman of German descent, lady in waiting, favourite, an intimate friend and a confidante of the Russian regent Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna. Biography Baroness A ...

, Russian noble (d.

) **

Matsudaira Nobunao was a daimyō during mid-Edo period Japan. Biography Matsudaira Nobunao was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobutoki, the daimyō of Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province. On the death of his father on June 44, 1744, he became daimyō of Hamamatsu D ...

, daimyo of the middle Edo period; 2nd lord of Hamamatsu, later 1st lord of Yoshida (d.

1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Rep ...

) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

–

Eyre Massey, 1st Baron Clarina Eyre Massey, 1st Baron Clarina (24 May 1719 – 17 May 1804), was an Anglo-Irish British army officer of the 18th century, known primarily for his successful action at La Belle-Famille during the French and Indian War. In 1800, he was made Bar ...

, Irish Baron (d.

) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

–

Henri-Joseph Dulaurens Henri Joseph Du Laurens (sometimes ''Laurens'' or ''Dulaurens'', original name Henri Joseph Laurent, 1719–1793 or 1797) was a French defrocking, unfrocked Trinitarian Order, trinitarian monk, satirical poet and novelist, born at Douai, the son of ...

, French writer (d.

1793 The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fl ...

) *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

–

Lorenzo De Caro Lorenzo de Caro (baptised 29 May 1719 – 2 December 1777) was an Italian painter, active in the late Baroque style in his native city of Naples. Biography Decaro's biographical information is sparse, and many canvases refer to painter of Neapol ...

, Italian painter (d.

) *

May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. * 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...

– Robert Rutherfurd, Scottish merchant, Baron of the Russian Empire (d.

)

June

* June 2 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist and librettist (d.

) * June 3 – Louis Paul Abeille, economist (d.

) * June 5 – Domenico Orsini d'Aragona, Italian cardinal (d.

) *

** Michael Gottlieb Agnethler, German botanist and numismatist (d. 1752) ** Francisco Mariano Nipho, Spanish writer (d.

) * June 11 – François-Charles de Velbrück, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1784) * June 17 – Joshua Parry, Welsh nonconformist minister and writer (d. 1776) * June 19 – Sir Thomas Clavering, 7th Baronet, British politician (d.

) * June 28 – Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general, diplomat, statesman (d.

)

July

* July 2 – Josip Šišković, Hapsburg military officer (d.

) * July 7 ** William de Grey, 1st Baron Walsingham, British lawyer, judge, politician (d.

) ** Johann Karl von Herberstein, Austrian bishop (d.

) *

– Giuseppe Toaldo, Italian physicist (d.

) *

** William Walond Sr., English composer and organist (d.

) ** Gerrit Zegelaar, Dutch painter (d.

) * July 23 – Frances Boscawen, English literary hostess; (d.

) * July 25 – Chevalier de Johnstone, Jacobite Army officer (d.

) * July 26 – Elizabeth Pakenham, 1st Countess of Longford, English noblewoman (d.

) * July 29 – William Innes (merchant), William Innes, British Member of Parliament (d.

)

August

* August 4 – Johann Gottlob Lehmann (scientist), Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German and Russian mineralogist (d. 1767) * August 5 – Robert Glynn, British doctor (d.

) * August 7 ** Francisco Fabián y Fuero, Roman Catholic archbishop (d.

) ** Jabez Huntington (colonist), Jabez Huntington, American businessman 1719–1786 (d. 1786) * August 10 – Philip Thicknesse, author (d.

) * August 11 – George Selwyn (politician), George Selwyn, British politician (d.

) *

– Itakura Katsuzumi, Japanese samurai (d.

) * August 18 – Bernard Ward, 1st Viscount Bangor, Irish politician and peer (d.

) *

– Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier, diplomat (d.

) *

** James Bonner (Patriot), James Bonner, American colonel (d.

) ** Christian Mayer (astronomer), Christian Mayer, Czech-German astronomer (d.

) * August 23 – Pierre Poivre, French horticulturalist (d. 1786) * August 25 ** Louis-Alexandre de Cessart, French engineer (d.

) ** Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, French painter (d.

) * August 26 – Carlo Sebastiano Berardi, Italian jurist (d.

)

September

– Ferdinand Zellbell the Younger, Swedish composer (d.

) * September 6 – Somerset Hamilton Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick (d. 1754) * September 11 – Tanuma Okitsugu, Japanese government official (d. 1788) * September 13 – Étienne Ficquet, engraver (d.

) * September 15 – Friedrich Christian Meuschen, German zoologist (d.

) * September 17 ** Edward Kimber, British writer (d.

) ** James Smith (Pennsylvania politician), James Smith, signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence (d.

) * September 21 ** Larcum Kendall, British watchmaker (d.

) ** Johann Friedrich Mayer (agriculturist), Johann Friedrich Mayer, agriculturalist (d.

) * September 24 – Florian Baucke, Jesuit missionary (d.

) * September 27 – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (d.

) * September 30 – François Poulletier de la Salle, chemist and medical doctor (d. 1788)

October

* October 1 – John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, British politician (d.

) * October 3 – Paul Henry Ourry, British Member of Parliament (d.

) * October 7 – Jacques Cazotte, French writer (d.

) * October 9 – Georg Mathias Fuchs, German painter in Denmark (d.

) * October 10 – Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick, English Earl (d.

) * October 12 – Ignaz Franz, German priest, hymnwriter (d.

) * October 13 – Josef Ignaz Mildorfer, Austrian painter (d.

) *

– John Holker (Jacobite), John Holker, English Jacobite soldier, industrialist and commercial spy (d. 1786) * October 18 – Charles Bulkley, British minister (d.

) * October 20 – Gottfried Achenwall, German philosopher, historian, economist, jurist, statistician (d.

) * October 23 – Peter Fenger (1719–1774), Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (d. 1774) * October 24 ** Jakob Gadolin, Finnish bishop (d.

) ** Pierre Sigorgne, French physicist (d. 1809) * October 25 – Edward Townshend, Anglican dean of Norwich (d.

) * October 26 ** Sir William Codrington, 2nd Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Hyacinthe Gaëtan de Lannion, French politician (d.

) * October 30 – Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicino, Italian priest (d.

)

November

* November 6 – Louis-Antoine Caraccioli, French writer, poet and historian (d.

) *

– Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani, Italian chess player (d. 1796) * November 14 ** Leopold Mozart, German/Austrian composer, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (d.

) ** Franz Ludwig Wind, Swiss sculptor (d.

) * November 17 ** Marie Marguerite Bihéron, Medical illustrator (d.

) ** Francis Home, Scottish physician (d. 1813) * November 22 – Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein, German artist (d.

) * November 23 ** Spranger Barry, British actor (d.

) ** Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf, German publisher and typographer (d.

) ** Philip Wenman, 6th Viscount Wenman, Irish Viscount (d. 1760) * November 30 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (d.

)

December

* December 8 – Andrés Marcos Burriel, historian (d.

) * December 13 – Thomas Gillespie (North Carolina plantation owner), Thomas Gillespie, North Carolina planter (d.

) * December 15 – Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d.

) * December 18 – William Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Harrington, British Army general (d.

) * December 25 – George Campbell (minister), George Campbell, figure of the Scottish Enlightenment (d. 1796) * December 26 – Salvatore Maria di Blasi, Italian priest (d. 1814) * December 27 – John Phillips (educator), John Phillips, American academic (d.

) * December 28 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French diplomat (d.

) * ''date unknown'' ** William Bradford (American Revolutionary printer), William Bradford, American revolutionary and printer (d.

) ** Dominic Serres, French-born painter (d.

) ** Thomas Sheridan (actor), Thomas Sheridan, Irish actor (d. 1788) ** Thomas Elfe, successful Colonial history of the United States, colonial period furniture craftsman in Charleston, South Carolina (d.

)

Deaths

Gulden_Cabinet_-_Petrus_van_Bredael_p_381

Gabriel_Metsu_-_Portrait_of_a_Lady_-_Google_Art_Project

Pierre Gobert, Gallery of Beauties, Nymphenburg - Duchesse de Berry

Magdalena_Sibylle_von_Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf

Portrait of Margaret Hughes by Peter Lely, 1672

January

* January 27 – William Munroe (Scottish soldier), William Munroe, Scottish soldier (b. 1625) *

– Jacob Toorenvliet, Dutch painter (b. 1640) * January 5 ** Carlo Berlingeri, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Santa Severina (b. 1639) ** Thomas Hay, 7th Earl of Kinnoull, Scottish peer and Conservative politician (b. 1660) ** Philibert Vigier, French sculptor (b. 1636) *

– Richard Hoare (banker), Richard Hoare, banker, founder of C. Hoare & Co. (b. 1648) * January 11 – Mizoguchi Shigemoto, Japanese daimyō (b. 1680) * January 16 – Petar Kanavelić, Venetian writer (b. 1637) *

– Sophie Amalie Moth, royal mistress of King Christian V of Denmark (b. 1654) * January 18 – Samuel Garth, British writer (b. 1661) * January 19 – Joachim Tielke, German musical instrument maker (b. 1641) *

** William Paterson (banker), William Paterson, Scottish trader and banker (b. 1658) ** James Winstanley, English Member of Parliament (b. 1667) * January 26 – Tikhon Streshnev, Russian noble (b. 1644) * January 27 – Ferdinando d'Adda, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1650)

February

– Köprülüzade Numan Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. 1670) * February 12 – Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, Swedish general (b. 1659) *

– Carl Philipp, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian field Marshal (b. 1650) *

– Bernardino Belluzzi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Camerino (b. 1642) *

** Georg Heinrich von Görtz, German politician (b. 1668) ** Ryer Jacobse Schermerhorn, merchant (b. 1652) *

– Pakubuwono I of Mataram, Sultan of Mataram (b. 1648) *

– Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, German Lutheran clergy (b. 1682) * February 25 – Giovanni Maria Casini, Italian composer (b. 1652) *

– Johann Ernst, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1664) *

– Boris Sheremetev, Russian noble (b. 1652)

March

– Richard Ingoldesby, British Army officer, lieutenant governor of New York and New Jersey (b. 1617) * March 3 – Jacques-Louis de Valon, French poet (b. 1659) * March 7 ** Thomas Butler, 6th Viscount Ikerrin, Irish viscount (b. 1683) ** Heinrich Bernhard Ruppius, German botanist (b. 1688) ** Steven Jacobsz Vennekool, Dutch architect (b. 1660) * March 9 – Peeter van Bredael, Flemish painter (b. 1629) *

– Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond, French architect (b. 1679) * March 12 – Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli, Italian artist (b. 1659) *

– Johann Friedrich Böttger, Saxon alchemist (b. 1682) * March 14 – Mary Hamilton (lady in waiting), Mary Hamilton, executed Russian lady-in-waiting (b. 1684) *

– Isaac de Larrey, French historian (b. 1638) * March 19 ** Isaac Addington, functionary of the colonial government of Massachusetts (b. 1645) ** Giambattista Spínola Jr., Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1646)

April

– Thomas Powys (judge), Thomas Powys, English politician and judge; (b. 1649) *

– Edward Colston (MP for Wells), Edward Colston, politician (b. 1670) * April 7 – Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, French priest, education reformer, saint in the Catholic Church (b. 1651) * April 14 – Giovanni Tommaso Rovetta, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Hvar (b. 1632) * April 15 – Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, mistress and later secret wife of King Louis XIV of France (b. 1635) *

– Ketevan of Kakheti (1648–1719), Ketevan of Kakheti, princess (batonishvili) of eastern Georgia (b. 1648) *

** Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire, French scientist (b.

) ** Peter Petrovich (1715–1719), Peter Petrovich, Russian Tsarevich, heir to the Russian throne from February 1718 to his death in 1719 (b. 1715) * April 21 ** Sir Thomas Cave, 3rd Baronet, British politician (b. 1681) ** Philippe de La Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1640) *

– Hyacinthe Robillard d'Avrigny, Jesuit (b. 1675) * April 27 – Laurentius Christophori Hornæus, Swedish witch hunter (b. 1645) *

–

, Mughal Empire, Mughal Emperor (b. 1685)

May

* May 3 – Pierre Le Gros the Younger, sculptor from France (b. 1666) *

– Prince Yeollyeong, Korean prince (b. 1699) * May 7 – Sebastiano Bombelli, Italian painter (b. 1635) * May 13 ** Richard Dyott (died 1719), Richard Dyott, English politician; (b. 1667) ** John Lenton, English composer, violinist, and singer (b. 1657) * May 21 – Pierre Poiret, French philosopher and mystic (b. 1646) * May 23 ** Gerhard Treschow, Norwegian businessman (b. 1659) ** Lucia Wijbrants, Dutch artist (b. 1638) *

– Thomas Newport, 1st Baron Torrington, British politician and baron (b. 1655) *

** Joseph de Jouvancy, French historian (b. 1643) ** Sir Alexander Seton, 1st Baronet, Scottish baronet (b. 1639) ** Abraham Trommius, Dutch theologian (b. 1633) *

– Edmund Dunch (Whig), Edmund Dunch, English politician (b. 1657)

June

* June 2 – Charles Le Goux de La Berchère, French prelate (b. 1647) * June 5 – Jean-Baptiste Delaveyne, French monk, priest and religious founder (b. 1653) * June 6 ** Louis Ellies Dupin, French historian and theologian (b. 1657) **

, 10th Mughal Emperor (b. 1699) * June 7 – John Addenbrooke (philanthropist), John Addenbrooke, English doctor and benefactor (b. 1680) * June 17 ** Fitzherbert Adams, Academic administrator, clergyman, and benefactor (b. 1651) ** Joseph Addison, English essayist, poet, playwright and politician (b. 1672) * June 19 ** Howell Davis, Welsh pirate (b. 1690) ** Thomas Meredyth, Irish soldier and politician (b. 1660) *

– Willem Kerricx, Flemish sculptor (b. 1652) * June 21 ** Jules Louis Bolé, marquis de Chamlay, French diplomat (b. 1650) ** Domingo de Valencia, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nueva Caceres (b. 1647) * June 23 – Christopher Wandesford, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer, Member of Parliament (b. 1684) * June 26 – Frederick William I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1682)

July

* July 5 – Samuel Schotten, German rabbi (b. 1644) *

** James Keill, Scottish physician, philosopher, medical writer and translator (b. 1673) ** Johann Ulrich Kraus, Illustrator, engraver and publisher (b. 1655) ** Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, English general (b. 1641) * July 17 – Elinor James, British pamphleteer (b. 1644) * July 19 – Anna Katharina Block, German Baroque (b. 1642) * July 21 ** Robert Clicquot, French pipeorgan builder (b. 1645) ** Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, French princess (b. 1695) * July 22 ** Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Aylesford, English lawyer and politician (b. 1649) ** Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole, Italian painter and engraver (b. 1654) * July 27 – Cornelis de Graeff II., Lords of Purmerland and Ilpendam (b. 1671) * July 28 – Arp Schnitger, German organ builder (b. 1648) * July 30 – Giambattista Felice Zappi, poet from Italy (b. 1667)

August

* August 2 – Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (1669–1719), Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Polish prince (b. 1669) * August 3 – Johann Philipp von Greifenclau zu Vollraths, Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg (b. 1652) * August 5 – Date Tsunamura, Japanese daimyō at the center of the Date Sōdō (b. 1659) * August 7 – Richard Farington, English politician (b. 1644) * August 8 – Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (b. 1667) * August 9 – Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton, English and Scottish politician (b. 1649) * August 11 – Leonard Goffiné, German Catholic priest and writer (b. 1648) * August 14 – Alexander Grant (died 1719), Alexander Grant, Scottish army officer (b. 1674) * August 18 – Heinrich von Cocceji, Dutch scholar (b. 1644) *

– Carl Hildebrand von Canstein, German theologian, jurist and writer (b. 1667) * August 30 – Daniel Cronström, Swedish architect (b. 1655)

September

* September 7 – John Harris (writer), John Harris, English writer, scientist, Anglican priest (b. 1666) * September 8 – Carlo Cignani, Italian painter (b. 1628) * September 16 –

, Swedish military personnel (b. 1670) * September 18 **

, Mughal emperor (b. 1696) ** Johannes Jacobus Rau, German physician (b. 1668) * September 19 ** Frans Anneessens, leader of a Brussels guild, decapitated for involvement in uprisings (b. 1660) ** Jan Weenix, Dutch painter (b. 1642) * September 21 – Johann Heinrich Acker, German historian (b. 1647) * September 22 ** Magdalena Sibylla of Holstein-Gottorp, Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1631) ** Hans Schack, 2nd Count of Schackenborg, Danish nobleman (b. 1676) * September 25 – Michel Félibien, French historian and writer (b. 1665) * September 27 – George Smalridge, English Bishop of Bristol (b. 1662) *

– Jean Orry, French economist (b. 1652)

October

* October 1 – Margaret Hughes, British actress (b. 1630) * October 3 – Johann Gregor Thalnitscher, Carniolan lawyer, scholar of ancient inscriptions, chronicler, historian (b. 1655) * October 7 – Pierre Remond de Montmort, French mathematician (b. 1678) * October 9 – Charles Louis Bretagne de La Trémoille, French noble (b. 1683) *

** Samuel Jones (academy tutor), Samuel Jones, English Dissenter and tutor (b. 1681) **

, Spanish Field Marshal (b. 1663) *

– Arnold Houbraken, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1660) * October 15 – Jan Mortel, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1652) * October 25 – Catharina Wallenstedt, Swedish writer and courtier (b. 1627) * October 26 – Laurens van der Meulen, Flemish sculptor (b. 1643) * October 27 – François Baert, Belgian hagiographer (b. 1651) *

** Jean Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes, French-Canadian explorer and soldier (b. 1668) ** Martinus Nellius, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1621)

November

* November 2 – Georg Johann Mattarnovi, German architect (b.

) * November 3 – Jan Claesz Rietschoof, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1652) * November 8 – Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652) *

– Oley Douglas, British Member of Parliament (b. 1684) * November 19 – Charles-Claude Genest, French dramatist and playwright (b. 1639) * November 22 – William Talman (architect), William Talman, British architect; (b. 1650) * November 23 – John Mavrocordatos, Phanariote Prince (b. 1684) * November 26 – John Hudson (classicist), John Hudson, English classical scholar (b. 1662) * November 30 – Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japanese samurai (b. 1659)

December

* December 2 – Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (b. 1634) * December 3 – Adriaen Frans Boudewijns, Flemish painter and engraver (b. 1644) * December 8 – Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve, Count of Samsø, Danish nobleman and admiral (b. 1678) * December 9 – Charles Oliphant, British physician (b. 1666) * December 11 ** Chatan Chōai, sessei of Ryukyu (b. 1650) ** Stefano Cupilli, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Split (b. 1659) * December 15 – Mitford Crowe, English politician (b. 1669) * December 24 – William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin, Irish Earl (b. 1662) * December 28 – Jacob Bobart the Younger, English botanist (b. 1641) * December 29 – Philip of Spain (1712–1719), Philip of Spain, Spanish Royal infante (b. 1712) * December 30 – Lord James Murray, British politician (b. 1663) * December 31 – John Flamsteed, English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal (b. 1646) * ''date unknown'' ** Robert Clicquot, French organ builder (b. 1645) ** Benjamin Hornigold, English pirate (b. 1680) ** André Raison, French composer and organist (b. 1650) ** Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, Swedish general (b. 1659)

References

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