__NOTOC__ Year 1565 ( MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

Palácio Pedro Ernesto - Fundação da Cidade

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– In the Tsardom of Russia,

Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. Ivan ...

originates the oprichnina (repression of the

boyar A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...

s (aristocrats)). * January 23 – Battle of Talikota: The Vijayanagara Empire, the last

Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...

kingdom in South India, is greatly weakened by the

Deccan sultanates The Deccan sultanates were five Islamic late-medieval Indian kingdoms—on the Deccan Plateau between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range—that were ruled by Muslim dynasties: namely Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. Th ...

. *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

– Spanish

Conquistador Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (, ; meaning 'conquerors') were the explorer-soldiers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires of the 15th and 16th centuries. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, O ...

Miguel López de Legazpi Miguel López de Legazpi (12 June 1502 – 20 August 1572), also known as '' El Adelantado'' and ''El Viejo'' (The Elder), was a Spaniard who, from the age of 26, lived and built a career in Mexico (then the Viceroyalty of New Spain) and, i ...

lands with his troops on the shores of Cebu Island in the Philippines. * March 1 – The

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is founded as ''São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro'' by

Estácio de Sá Estácio de Sá (1520 – February 20, 1567) was a Portuguese soldier and officer. Sá travelled to the colony of Brazil on the orders of the Portuguese crown to wage war on the French colonists commanded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. These F ...

. * March 16 – Spanish Conquistador López de Legazpi makes a blood compact (''sandugan'') with Datu Sikatuna in the island of Bohol, Philippines. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

– Cebu City is established as San Miguel by López de Legazpi, becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines. *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 4 ...

– Ottoman troops land on the island of Malta, beginning the

Great Siege of Malta The Great Siege of Malta ( Maltese: ''L-Assedju l-Kbir'') occurred in 1565 when the Ottoman Empire attempted to conquer the island of Malta, then held by the Knights Hospitaller. The siege lasted nearly four months, from 18 May to 13 September ...

. * June 4 – The Treaty of Cebu is signed between

, representing

Philip II of Spain Philip II) in Spain, while in Portugal and his Italian kingdoms he ruled as Philip I ( pt, Filipe I). (21 May 152713 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent ( es, Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from ...

, and Rajah Tupas of Cebu. This effectively creates Spanish

suzerainty Suzerainty () is the rights and obligations of a person, state or other polity who controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state, while allowing the tributary state to have internal autonomy. While the subordinate party is cal ...

over Cebu. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

– Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.

July–December

* July 29 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, at

Holyrood Palace The Palace of Holyroodhouse ( or ), commonly referred to as Holyrood Palace or Holyroodhouse, is the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland. Located at the bottom of the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, at the opposite end to Edinbu ...

in Edinburgh. *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

– Sark, in the Channel Islands, is granted as a fief by Elizabeth I of England to Hellier de Carteret,

Seigneur of Saint Ouen The Seigneur of Saint Ouen is a manorial title in Jersey. Their traditional seat is Saint Ouen's Manor. The first was Renaud De Carteret I. List of Seigneurs # Sir Renaud De Carteret, Baron of Carteret and Lord of Saint Ouen (1063–1125); Fo ...

. * August 28 (feast day of St. Augustine) – The Spanish fleet of

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (; ast, Pedro (Menéndez) d'Avilés; 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral, explorer and conquistador from Avilés, in Asturias, Spain. He is notable for planning the first regular trans-oceani ...

first sights land in Florida. * September 4 – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in Florida to oust the

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline. * September 8 –

St. Augustine, Florida St. Augustine ( ; es, San Agustín ) is a city in the Southeastern United States and the county seat of St. Johns County on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers, it is the oldest continuously inhabit ...

(named after

Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo ( , ; la, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Af ...

), is established by

, becoming the oldest surviving European settlement in the modern-day United States. * September 11 – The

Knights of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta ( it, Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta; ...

lift the

after four months. * October – The first Martello tower, the Tour de Mortella, designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), is completed as part of the

Genovese Genovese is an Italian surname meaning, properly, someone from Genoa. Its Italian plural form '' Genovesi'' has also developed into a surname. People * Alfred Genovese (1931–2011), American oboist * Alfredo Genovese (born 1964), Argentine ar ...

defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point, in Upper

Corsica Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...

. * October 18 – Battle of Fukuda Bay: Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture a Portuguese trading

carrack A carrack (; ; ; ) is a three- or four- masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal. Evolved from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade fr ...

, in the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West.

Date unknown

* The pencil is first documented by Conrad Gesner; it is becoming common in England. * John Beddoes School is founded at Presteigne, Wales. * Herlufsholm School is founded in Denmark. *

Huntingdon Grammar School Huntingdon is a market town in the Huntingdonshire district in Cambridgeshire, England. The town was given its town charter by King John in 1205. It was the county town of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Oliver Cromwell was born there ...

is established in England. *

Bungay Grammar School Bungay High School is a mixed-sex secondary school with academy status in the town of Bungay in the north of the English county of Suffolk. It caters for children aged 11 to 18. The school was founded as Bungay Grammar School in 1565 and became ...

is established in England.

Births

* January 17 –

Mariana Navarro de Guevarra Romero Mariana Navarro de Guevarra Romero (17 January 1565 – 17 April 1624) was a Spanish Roman Catholic nun who became a member of the Mercedarian Tertiaries. Upon admittance she took the name of Mariana of Jesus. She was noted for a life of penance ...

, Spanish Roman Catholic nun, member of the Mercedarian Tertiaries (d.

1624 Events January–March * January 14 – After 90 years of Ottoman occupation, Baghdad is recaptured by the Safavid Empire. * January 22 – Korean General Yi Gwal leads an uprising of 12,000 soldiers against King Injo in wh ...

) *

– Willem Baudartius, Dutch theologian (d.

1640 Events January–March * January 6 – The Siege of Salses ends almost six months after it had started on June 9, 1639, with the French defenders surrendering to the Spanish attackers. * January 17 – A naval battle over ...

) * March 23 –

Eilhard Lubinus Eilhard Lubinus (23 March 1565 – 2 June 1621) was a German Lutheran theologian and philosopher, also known as a classical scholar, mathematician and cartographer. He was an influence on Comenius. Life His actual name is Eilhard Lübben. Born in ...

, German theologian (d.

1621 Events January–March * January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be rui ...

) * April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d.

1599 __NOTOC__ Events January–June * January 8 – The Jesuit educational plan, known as the ''Ratio Studiorum'', is issued. * March 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth I o ...

) * April 3 –

Anna III, Abbess of Quedlinburg III, also known as Anna of Stolberg (3 April 1565 – 12 May 1601) was Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg from 1584 until her death. Anna was the daughter of Count Henry of Stolberg (1509–1572) and his wife, Elisabeth of Gleichen (died 1578). Ann ...

(d.

1601 This Epoch (reference date)#Computing, epoch is the beginning of the 400-year Gregorian leap-year cycle within which digital files first existed; the last year of any such cycle is the only leap year whose year number is divisible by 100. Jan ...

) * May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch sculptor and architect born in Utrecht (d.

) * June 2 –

Francisco Ribalta Francesc Ribalta (2 June 1565 – 12 January 1628), also known as ''Francisco Ribaltá'' or ''de Ribalta'', was a Spanish painter of the Baroque period, mostly of religious subjects. Biography He was born in Solsona, Lleida. Although his fi ...

, Spanish painter (d.

1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...

) * July 6 –

Hugh Hamersley Sir Hugh Hamersley (6 July 1565 – 19 October 1636) was a 17th-century merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1627. Business interests Hamersley's family estate was at Pyrton Manor near Watlington, Oxfordshire, but he rose to prominence ...

, Lord Mayor of London, 1627–1628 (d.

1636 Events January–March * January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645. * January 18 – ''The Duke's Mistress'', the last ...

) *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

Paola Massarenghi Paola Massarenghi (born August 5, 1565) was an Italian composer. Only one of her works survives, ''Quando spiega l'insegn'al sommo padre'', a spiritual Madrigal (music), madrigal. It was printed in Arcangelo Gherardini's ''Primo libro de madrigali ...

, Italian composer (d. unknown) * August 9 – Louis II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d.

1627 Events January–March * January 26 – The Dutch ship t Gulden Zeepaert'', skippered by François Thijssen, makes the first recorded sighting of the coast of South Australia. * February 15 – The administrative rural p ...

) *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...

– Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d.

1637 Events January–March * January 5 – Pierre Corneille's tragicomedy ''Le Cid'' is first performed, in Paris, France. * January 16 – The siege of Nagpur ends in what is now the Maharashtra state of India, as Kok Shah, the ...

) * August 20 –

Margaretha van Valckenburch Margaretha van Valckenburch (20 August 1565 – 16 July 1650) was a Dutch shipowner. She was the only woman to have been a stockholder or ''bewindhebbers'' of the Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oosti ...

, Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (d.

1650 Events January–March * January 7 – Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, dies after a reign of more than 63 years. The area is now part of the northeastern German state of Saxony-Anhalt. * January 18 – Cardinal Jules Ma ...

) * August 29 –

Agostino Ciampelli Agostino Ciampelli (29 August 1565 – 22 April 1630) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He trained with Santi di Tito in Florence, and painted in Rome under Clement VIII, including a ''Crucifixion'' for Santa Prassede and a ''Sain ...

, Italian painter (d.

1630 Events January–March * January 2 – A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy. * January 5 – A team of Portuguese military advisers ...

) *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

–

Edward Fortunatus Edward Fortunatus (or in German Eduard Fortunat) of Baden (17 September 1565 – 8 June 1600) was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern and Baden-Baden. Life and work Born in London, Edward was the son of Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemacher ...

, German nobleman (d.

1600 __NOTOC__ In the Gregorian calendar, it was the last century leap year until the year 2000. Events January–June * January 1 – Scotland adopts January 1 as New Year's Day instead of March 25. * January ** Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of T ...

) *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

– Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d.

1635 Events January–March * January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy. * January 25 ...

) * October 6 –

Marie de Gournay Marie de Gournay (; 6 October 1565, Paris – 13 July 1645) was a French writer, who wrote a novel and a number of other literary compositions, including ''The Equality of Men and Women'' (''Égalité des hommes et des femmes'', 1622) and ' ...

, French writer (d.

1645 Events January–March * January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the ''Directory for Public Worship'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not ...

) * October 12 – Ippolito Galantini, Italian founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (d.

1619 Events January–June * January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Conne ...

) * October 22 –

Benedikt Carpzov the elder Benedikt Carpzov (Brandenburg, 22 October 1565 – 1624) was a German legal scholar. After studying at Frankfort and Wittenberg, and visiting other German universities, he was made doctor of law at Wittenberg in 1590. He was admitted to the facul ...

, German legal scholar (d.

) * November 10 ** Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English nobleman and politician (d.

) **

Laurentius Paulinus Gothus Laurentius Paulinus Gothus (10 November 1565 – 29 November 1646) was a Sweden, Swedish theologian, astronomer and Archbishop of Uppsala. Biography Gothus was born Lars Paulsson at Söderköping in Östergötland County, Sweden. In 1588, Gothus ...

, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d.

1646 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+5(V)+1(I) = 1646). Events January–March * January 5 – The English House of Commons approves a bill to provide for Ireland ...

) * November 14 –

Petrus Bertius Petrus Bertius (also Peter Bertius; Pieter de Bert) (14 November 1565 – 13 October 1629) was a Flemish philosopher, theologian, historian, geographer and cartographer. Bertius published much in mathematics, and historical and theological works, b ...

, Flemish theologian and scientist (d.

1629 Events January–March * January 7– Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, the 15-year-old son of the German Palatinate elector, Frederick V, drowns in an accident while sailing to Amsterdam. * January 19&nd ...

) * December 2 – Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild, Northern Irish politician (d.

) * ''date unknown'' ** Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d.

) **

Gregor Aichinger Gregor Aichinger (c. 1565 – 21 January 1628) was a German composer. Life He was organist to the Fugger family of Augsburg in 1584. In 1599 he went for a two-year visit to Rome for musical, rather than religious reasons, although he had taken h ...

, German composer (d.

) ** Ferdinando Gorges, English colonial entrepreneur (d.

1647 Events January–March * January 2 – Chinese bandit leader Zhang Xianzhong, who has ruled the Sichuan province since 1644, is killed at Xichong by a Qing archer after having been betrayed one of his officers, Liu Jinzhong. ...

) ** John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d.

1618 Events January–June * February 26 – Osman II deposes his uncle Mustafa I as Ottoman sultan (until 1622). * March 8 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (after some initial calculations, he so ...

) **

George Kirbye George Kirbye (c. 1565 – buried 6 October 1634) was an English composer of the late Tudor period and early Jacobean era. He was one of the members of the English Madrigal School, but also composed sacred music. Little is known of the de ...

, English composer (d.

1634 Events January–March * January 12– After suspecting that he will be dismissed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empire's Army, demands that his colonels sign a declaration of personal loyalty. ...

) **

Duarte Lobo Duarte Lobo (ca. 1565 – 24 September 1646; Latinized as ''Eduardus Lupus'') was a Portuguese composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque. He was one of the most famous Portuguese composers of the time, together with Filipe de Magalh ...

, Portuguese composer (d.

) ** Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d.

) ** María Pita, Spanish heroine (d.

1643 Events January–March * January 21 – Abel Tasman sights the island of Tonga. * February 6 – Abel Tasman sights the Fiji Islands. * March 13 – First English Civil War: First Battle of Middlewich – Roundheads ...

) ** John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d.

1639 Events January–March * January 14 – Connecticut's first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted. * January 19 – Hämeenlinna ( sv, Tavastehus) is granted privileges, after it separates from the Vanaja parish, ...

) ** Francis Tanfield, English governor of the South Falkland colony **

Edmund Whitelocke Edmund Whitelocke (1565–1608) was an English people, English soldier, royal courtier and suspected conspirator. Life He was born in the parish of St. Gabriel, Fenchurch Street, London, on 10 February 1565, the eldest son of Richard Whitelocke, a ...

, English soldier and courtier (d.

1608 Events January–June * January – In the Colony of Virginia, Powhatan releases Captain John Smith. * January 2 – The first of the Jamestown supply missions returns to the Colony of Virginia with Christopher Newport comman ...

)

Deaths

* January 19 –

Diego Laynez ''Several spellings of his names (James, Jacob; Laines, Laynez, Lainez) are in use and some of them can be found in other Wikipedia articles'' Diego Laynez, S.J. (sometimes spelled Laínez) (Spanish: ''Diego Laynez''), born in 1512 (Almazán, Sp ...

, Spanish Jesuit theologian (b.

1512 Year 1512 ( MDXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * Mid-January – Following the death of Svante Nilsson, Eric Trolle is elected the new ...

) * January 28 – Francisco Cesi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b.

1500 Year 1500 (Roman numerals, MD) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The year 1500 was not a leap year in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. The year was seen as being especially important by many Christians in Europe, ...

) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

–

John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels John of Münsterberg-Oels (also known as ''John of Poděbrady''; german: Johann von Münsterberg-Bernstadt; cz, Hanuš z Minstrberka; 4 November 1509, Oleśnica – 28 February 1565, Oleśnica) was Duke of the Münsterberg from 1542 to 1565, Du ...

and Count of Glatz (b.

1509 __NOTOC__ Year 1509 ( MDIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 21 – The Portuguese first arrive at the Seven Islands of Bombay and ...

) * March 17 –

Alexander Ales Alexander Ales or Alexander Alesius (; 23 April 150017 March 1565) was a Scottish theologian who emigrated to Germany and became a Lutheran supporter of the Augsburg Confession. Life Originally Alexander Alane, he was born at Edinburgh. He s ...

, Scottish theologian (b.

) * c. March –

Lope de Rueda Lope de Rueda (c.1505<1510–1565) was a Spanish dramatist and author, regarded by some as the best of his era. A versatile writer, he also wrote comedies, farces, and Paso (theatre), pasos. He was the precursor to wha ...

, Spanish dramatist (b. c.

1510 Year 1510 ( MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, a stillborn daughter. * ...

) * April 2 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton, English noble (b.

1526 Year 1526 ( MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and C ...

) *

– Osanna of Cattaro, Dominican visionary and anchoress (b.

1493 Year 1493 ( MCDXCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 19 – Treaty of Barcelona: Charles VIII of France returns Cerdagne a ...

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

–

Nicolaus von Amsdorf Nicolaus von Amsdorf (German: Nikolaus von Amsdorf, 3 December 1483 – 14 May 1565) was a German Lutheran theologian and an early Protestant reformer. As bishop of Naumburg (1542–1546), he became the first Lutheran bishop in the Holy Roman E ...

, German Protestant reformer (b.

1483 Year 1483 ( MCDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 1 – The Jews are expelled from Andalusia. * February 11 – Th ...

) * May 5 – Queen Munjeong, Korean queen (b.

1501 Year 1501 ( MDI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 17 – Cesare Borgia returns triumphantly to Rome, from Romagna. * March 25 & ...

) * May 28 –

Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł (4 February 1515 – 28 May 1565), nicknamed ''The Black'' (Polish: ''Czarny''), was a Polish-Lithuanian noble who held several administrative positions within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Voivode of Vilnius, Gr ...

, Polish magnate (b.

1515 __NOTOC__ Year 1515 ( MDXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 25 – Francis I of France is crowned (reigns until 1547). * May 13 & ...

) *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. * 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...

–

Adrianus Turnebus Adrianus Turnebus (french: Adrien Turnèbe or ''Tournebeuf''; 151212 June 1565) was a French classical scholar. Life Turnebus was born in Les Andelys in Normandy. At the age of twelve he was sent to Paris to study, and attracted great notice by ...

, French classical scholar (b.

) *

– Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (b.

1536 __NOTOC__ Year 1536 ( MDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January – King Henry VIII of England suffers a leg injury during a jou ...

) * June 19 – Wolfgang Lazius, Austrian historian (b.

1514 Year 1514 (Roman numerals, MDXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 10 – A great fire breaks out, in the Rialto of Venice. * Marc ...

) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

– Turgut Reis, Ottoman naval commander (b.

1485 Year 1485 ( MCDLXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * Spring – Multiple earthquakes occur near Taishan, China. * March 16 – A ...

) * July 18 – Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England * August – Jacques Buus, Flemish composer and organist (b.

) * August 29 –

Alfonso Carafa Alfonso Carafa (16 July 1540 – 29 August 1565) was a member of one of the oldest noble families of Naples and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. His father was Antonio, Marquis of Montebello, whose uncle, Gian Pietro Carafa, ascended ...

, Italian cardinal (b.

1540 Year 1540 ( MDXL) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 6 – King Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort; the ma ...

) * June 25 – Herluf Trolle, Danish Admiral of the Fleet and co-founder of Herlufsholm School (b.

1516 __NOTOC__ Year 1516 ( MDXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January – Juan Díaz de Solís discovers the Río de la Plata (in future A ...

) * September 13 –

William Farel William Farel (1489 – 13 September 1565), Guilhem Farel or Guillaume Farel (), was a French evangelist, Protestant reformer and a founder of the Calvinist Church in the Principality of Neuchâtel, in the Republic of Geneva, and in Switzerland ...

, French evangelist (b.

1489 Year 1489 ( MCDLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 14 – The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to the R ...

) * September 20 – Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b.

) * October 4 – Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian reformer (b.

1498 Year 1498 (Roman numerals, MCDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1498th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 498th year of the 2nd mill ...

) * October 5 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b.

1522 __NOTOC__ Year 1522 ( MDXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1522nd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 522nd year of the 2nd millenn ...

) * October 7 – Johannes Mathesius, German theologian (b.

1504 __NOTOC__ Year 1504 (MDIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 1 – French troops of King Louis XII surrender Gaeta to the Spanish, u ...

) * October 12 – Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b.

1520 __NOTOC__ Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at ...

) *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's i ...

– Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b.

1521 1521 ( MDXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1521st year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 521st year of the 2nd millennium, the 21st year ...

) * October 21 –

John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony Johann Frederick III, also known as Johann Frederick the Younger (16 January 1538 in Torgau – 21 October 1565 in Jena) was German nobleman. He was a titular Duke of Saxony from the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin. He received Saxe-G ...

and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (b.

1538 __NOTOC__ Year 1538 (Roman numerals, MDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * February 24 – Treaty of Nagyvárad: Peace is declared bet ...

) * October 22 – Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b.

1479 Year 1479 ( MCDLXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar). Events January–December * January 20 – Ferdinand II ascends the throne of Aragon, and rules together wit ...

) * October 29 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (b.

1530 Year 1530 ( MDXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1530th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 530th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30t ...

) * November 2 –

Mechthild of Bavaria Mechthild is a female Germanic given name. It is an old form of the first name Mathilde and means "powerful in combat, powerful fighter". Bearers of this name include: People * Mechthild of Bavaria (1532–1565), German noblewoman * Mechthild of ...

, German duchess (b.

1532 Year 1532 ( MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settleme ...

) * November 25 – Hu Zongxian, Chinese general (b.

) * December 9 –

Pope Pius IV Pope Pius IV ( it, Pio IV; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1559 to his death in December 1565. Born in Milan, his family considered ...

(b.

1499 Year 1499 ( MCDXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 8 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a l ...

) * December 12 – Johan Rantzau, German general (b.

1492 Year 1492 ( MCDXCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. 1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of the West, Europe, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Spain, and the Ne ...

) * December 13 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b.

) * ''date unknown'' **

Antonio Bernieri Antonio Bernieri (1516–1565) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. He was born in Correggio. He was first trained under Correggio; on the death of that master he went to Venice, and attended Titian's school. He visited Rome, and retu ...

, Italian painter of the Renaissance period (b.

) ** Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanate **

Paweł Tarło Paweł Tarło (died 1565) was a Polish noble. Tarło was canon of Kraków, dean of Przemyśl and Archbishop of Lwów from 1561 (then in the Kingdom of Poland, now Lviv in Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in ...

, canon of Kraków, Poland

References

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