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Xanthophryne Tigerina
''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli in Maharashtra. It was described as a new species in 2009 and placed in a new genus along with its sister species ''Xanthophryne koynayensis''. Description This species is medium-sized for a toad, males are smaller (male snout–vent length , female ), somewhat elongated with a broken Canthus (herpetology), canthal ridge. They are yellowish with dark stripes on top and sides of the body and lack webbing between the toes and fingers. Reproduction Breeding takes place in temporary ponds in cavities within Laterite, lateritic rock. About 30–35 eggs are laid in a clutch. Habitat and conservation This species occurs on the ground in patchy evergreen forest and plantations. It is considered "Critically Endangered" because it is known from a single location only, its habitat is d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sathyabhama Das Biju
Sathyabhama Das Biju (born May, 1963) is an Indian amphibian biologist, wildlife conservationist and heads the Systematics Lab at the University of Delhi, Department of Environmental Studies. He is dubbed as the "Frogman of India" by media for his passion for frogs and for bringing fresh fascination for Indian amphibians. In a recent interview with Sanctuary Asia, he was introduced as "one of the world's foremost amphibian experts". In 2010, Biju in collaboration with national and international institutions launched the nationwide Lost! Amphibians of India campaign to rediscover species thought to be extinct. In 2011, Biju was the recipient of the Sanctuary Wildlife Service AwardSanctuary Asia "Wildlife Service Award" 2011 , http://www.theearthheroes.com/the-awards/2011-awards/191-sathyabhama-das-biju for his "extraordinary passion which led to the discovery of several new species". In 2008, the IUCN recognized his "extreme dedication to discover and conserve the vanishing amphi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amboli, Sindhudurg District
Amboli is a hill station in south Maharashtra, India. At an altitude of it is the last hill station before the coastal highlands of Goa. Amboli lies in the Sahayadri Hills of Western India, one of the world's "Eco Hot-Spots" and it abounds in unusual flora and fauna. However, as in the other parts of the Sahaydri Hills, denudation of the forest cover and unregulated government-assisted development are gradually ruining an once-pristine environment. Historically, Amboli village came into being as one of the staging posts along the road from Vengurla port to the city of Belgaum, which was extensively used by the British to supply their garrisons in south and central India. The source of the Hiranyakeshi river lies in the hills around Amboli village, and an ancient Shiva temple (called Hiranyakeshwar) sits at the cave where the water emerges. The main attraction for tourists is the incredibly-high rainfall (7 m average, per year) and the numerous waterfalls and mist during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maharashtra
Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union territories of India by population, second-most populous state in India and the second-most populous country subdivision globally. It was formed on 1 May 1960 by splitting the bilingual Bombay State, which had existed since 1956, into majority Marathi language, Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati language, Gujarati-speaking Gujarat. Maharashtra is home to the Marathi people, the predominant ethno-linguistic group, who speak the Marathi language, Marathi language, the official language of the state. The state is divided into 6 Divisions of Maharashtra, divisions and 36 List of districts of Maharashtra, districts, with the state capital being Mumbai, the List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India, most populous urban area in India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Species
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthophryne Koynayensis
''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (common names: Humbali Village toad, chrome-yellow toad, Koyna toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India where it is known from Koyna (including Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary) in the Maharashtra state. Formerly included in the genus '' Bufo'' it has been since made the type species for the genus ''Xanthophryne'' and is a sister species of ''Xanthophryne tigerina ''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli in Maharashtra. It was described as a new ...''. History ''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' has been described twice using the same materials collected in connection with the Koyna Hydroelectric Project: first as ''Bufo koynayensis'' by Soman in 1963, and then as ''Bufo sulphureus'' by Grandison and Daniel in 1964. Description ''Xanthop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canthus (herpetology)
In snakes and amphibians, the canthus, canthal ridge or ''canthus rostralis'',Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. . is the angle between the flat crown of the head and the side of the head between the eye and the snout,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. . or more specifically, between the supraocular scale and the rostral scale. It is defined as a sharp ridge in many viperids, but is rounded in most rattlesnakes Rattlesnakes are venomous snakes that form the genera ''Crotalus'' and ''Sistrurus'' of the subfamily Crotalinae (the pit vipers). All rattlesnakes are vipers. Rattlesnakes are predators that live in a wide array of habitats, hunting small anima ..., for example.Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthophryne Tigerina Egg Clutch
''Xanthophryne'' is a small genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. They are endemic to the Western Ghats in Maharashtra, India. Its sister taxon is '' Duttaphrynus''. The name ''Xanthophryne'' is derived from two Greek words, ''xanthos'' meaning yellow and ''phryne'' meaning toad. Description ''Xanthophryne'' are relatively small toads: adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. They have light brown dorsum with a suffusion of dull chrome-yellow; flanks and sides of the abdomen have chrome-yellow patches, sometimes a few continuous bands. The tympanum is indistinct. There is no webbing between the toes and fingers. Eggs are laid in clutches. Species There are two species in this genus: *''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (Soman, 1963) *''Xanthophryne tigerina ''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Ambol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laterite
Laterite is both a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content. They develop by intensive and prolonged weathering of the underlying parent rock, usually when there are conditions of high temperatures and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods. Tropical weathering (''laterization'') is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils. The majority of the land area containing laterites is between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Laterite has commonly been referred to as a soil type as well as being a rock type. This and further variation in the modes of conceptualizing about laterite (e.g. also as a complete weathering profile or theory about weathering) has led to calls for the term to be abandoned alto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthophryne
''Xanthophryne'' is a small genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. They are endemic to the Western Ghats in Maharashtra, India. Its sister taxon is '' Duttaphrynus''. The name ''Xanthophryne'' is derived from two Greek words, ''xanthos'' meaning yellow and ''phryne'' meaning toad. Description ''Xanthophryne'' are relatively small toads: adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. They have light brown dorsum with a suffusion of dull chrome-yellow; flanks and sides of the abdomen have chrome-yellow patches, sometimes a few continuous bands. The tympanum is indistinct. There is no webbing between the toes and fingers. Eggs are laid in clutches. Species There are two species in this genus: *'' Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (Soman, 1963) *''Xanthophryne tigerina ''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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