''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (common names: Humbali Village toad, chrome-yellow toad, Koyna toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India where it is known from Koyna (including Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary) in the

Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union te ...

state. Formerly included in the genus '' Bufo'' it has been since made the type species for the genus ''Xanthophryne'' and is a sister species of ''

Xanthophryne tigerina ''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli in Maharashtra. It was described as a new ...

''.

History

''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' has been described twice using the same materials collected in connection with the Koyna Hydroelectric Project: first as ''Bufo koynayensis'' by Soman in 1963, and then as ''Bufo sulphureus'' by Grandison and Daniel in 1964.

Description

''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' are relatively small toads: adult males measure in snout–vent length. The body is covered by small warts with black tips and dark brown in colour; there are yellow patches on the flanks, thighs, and shoulders. The tympanum is indistinct.

Habitat and conservation

''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' is a rare species. Its natural habitats are moist to wet evergreen forest and dry riparian grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture and clear cutting of forests.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1390810 koynayensis Frogs of India Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1963