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Xanthophryne
''Xanthophryne'' is a small genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. They are endemic to the Western Ghats in Maharashtra, India. Its sister taxon is '' Duttaphrynus''. The name ''Xanthophryne'' is derived from two Greek words, ''xanthos'' meaning yellow and ''phryne'' meaning toad. Description ''Xanthophryne'' are relatively small toads: adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. They have light brown dorsum with a suffusion of dull chrome-yellow; flanks and sides of the abdomen have chrome-yellow patches, sometimes a few continuous bands. The tympanum is indistinct. There is no webbing between the toes and fingers. Eggs are laid in clutches. Species There are two species in this genus: *'' Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (Soman, 1963) *''Xanthophryne tigerina ''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthophryne Koynayensis
''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (common names: Humbali Village toad, chrome-yellow toad, Koyna toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India where it is known from Koyna (including Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary) in the Maharashtra state. Formerly included in the genus '' Bufo'' it has been since made the type species for the genus ''Xanthophryne'' and is a sister species of ''Xanthophryne tigerina ''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli in Maharashtra. It was described as a new ...''. History ''Xanthophryne koynayensis'' has been described twice using the same materials collected in connection with the Koyna Hydroelectric Project: first as ''Bufo koynayensis'' by Soman in 1963, and then as ''Bufo sulphureus'' by Grandison and Daniel in 1964. Description ''Xanthop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthophryne Tigerina
''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli in Maharashtra. It was described as a new species in 2009 and placed in a new genus along with its sister species ''Xanthophryne koynayensis''. Description This species is medium-sized for a toad, males are smaller (male snout–vent length , female ), somewhat elongated with a broken Canthus (herpetology), canthal ridge. They are yellowish with dark stripes on top and sides of the body and lack webbing between the toes and fingers. Reproduction Breeding takes place in temporary ponds in cavities within Laterite, lateritic rock. About 30–35 eggs are laid in a clutch. Habitat and conservation This species occurs on the ground in patchy evergreen forest and plantations. It is considered "Critically Endangered" because it is known from a single location only, its habitat is d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthophryne
''Xanthophryne'' is a small genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. They are endemic to the Western Ghats in Maharashtra, India. Its sister taxon is '' Duttaphrynus''. The name ''Xanthophryne'' is derived from two Greek words, ''xanthos'' meaning yellow and ''phryne'' meaning toad. Description ''Xanthophryne'' are relatively small toads: adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. They have light brown dorsum with a suffusion of dull chrome-yellow; flanks and sides of the abdomen have chrome-yellow patches, sometimes a few continuous bands. The tympanum is indistinct. There is no webbing between the toes and fingers. Eggs are laid in clutches. Species There are two species in this genus: *'' Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (Soman, 1963) *''Xanthophryne tigerina ''Xanthophryne tigerina'', sometimes known as the Amboli toad, is a species of toads. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from the vicinity of Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Amboli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sathyabhama Das Biju
Sathyabhama Das Biju (born May, 1963) is an Indian amphibian biologist, wildlife conservationist and heads the Systematics Lab at the University of Delhi, Department of Environmental Studies. He is dubbed as the "Frogman of India" by media for his passion for frogs and for bringing fresh fascination for Indian amphibians. In a recent interview with Sanctuary Asia, he was introduced as "one of the world's foremost amphibian experts". In 2010, Biju in collaboration with national and international institutions launched the nationwide Lost! Amphibians of India campaign to rediscover species thought to be extinct. In 2011, Biju was the recipient of the Sanctuary Wildlife Service AwardSanctuary Asia "Wildlife Service Award" 2011 , http://www.theearthheroes.com/the-awards/2011-awards/191-sathyabhama-das-biju for his "extraordinary passion which led to the discovery of several new species". In 2008, the IUCN recognized his "extreme dedication to discover and conserve the vanishing amphi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toad
Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. A distinction between frogs and toads is not made in scientific taxonomy, but is common in popular culture (folk taxonomy), in which toads are associated with drier, rougher skin and more terrestrial habitats. List of toad families In scientific taxonomy, toads include the true toads (Bufonidae) and various other terrestrial or warty-skinned frogs. Non-bufonid "toads" can be found in the families: * Bombinatoridae ( fire-bellied toads and jungle toads) * Calyptocephalellidae (helmeted water toad and false toads) * Discoglossidae ( midwife toads) * Myobatrachidae (Australian toadlets) * Pelobatidae (European spadefoot toad) * Rhinophrynidae ( burrowing toads) * Scaphiopodidae (American spadefoot toads) * Microhylidae ( narrowmouth toads) Biology Usually the largest of the bumps on the skin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufonidae
{{Cat main, Toad This category contains both species commonly called toads, and the true toads from the family Bufonidae {{Cat main, Toad This category contains both species commonly called toads, and the true toads from the family Bufonidae {{Cat main, Toad This category Category, plural categories, may refer to: Philosophy and general uses *Categorization, cat .... Animals by common name Frogs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maharashtra
Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union territories of India by population, second-most populous state in India and the second-most populous country subdivision globally. It was formed on 1 May 1960 by splitting the bilingual Bombay State, which had existed since 1956, into majority Marathi language, Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati language, Gujarati-speaking Gujarat. Maharashtra is home to the Marathi people, the predominant ethno-linguistic group, who speak the Marathi language, Marathi language, the official language of the state. The state is divided into 6 Divisions of Maharashtra, divisions and 36 List of districts of Maharashtra, districts, with the state capital being Mumbai, the List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India, most populous urban area in India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duttaphrynus
''Duttaphrynus'', named after Sushil Kumar Dutta, is a genus of true toads endemic to southwestern and southern China (including Hainan), Taiwan and throughout southern Asia from northern Pakistan and Nepal through India and Bangladesh to Sri Lanka, Andaman Island, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bali. Description These toads are characterized by heads with prominent, bony ridges, such as a canthal, a preorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital ridge and a short orbitotympanic ridge. The snout is short and blunt; the interorbital space is broader than the upper eyelid; the tympanum is very small, not half the diameter of eye, and generally indistinct. The first finger of these toads extends beyond the second; the toes are half webbed with single subarticular tubercles, two moderate metatarsal tubercles, and no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches the eye, or between the eye and the tip of the snout. The upper surface features are irregular and distinctly porous warts wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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