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Withanolide
Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton. They occur as secondary metabolites primarily in genera of the Nightshade family, for example in the tomatillo. Structurally, withanolides consist of a steroid backbone bound to a lactone or one of its derivatives; they are produced via oxidation of steroids. It remains unknown to what end withanolides are produced; they may act as a deterrent for feeding insect larvae and other herbivores. Genera within the nightshade family that produce withanolides include: ''Datura'', ''Iochroma'', ''Lycium'', ''Nicandra'', ''Physalis'', '' Salpichroa'', ''Solanum'', '' Mandragora'', ''Withania'', and '' Jaborosa''. No withanolide has been discovered in ''Nicotiana'' to date. Examples Withaferin A, the first withanolide to be isolated, was found in winter cherry (''Withania somnifera'') and Acnistus arborescens. Salpichrolides A, B and G (isolated from ''Salpichroa origanifolia'') exh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaborosa
''Jaborosa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, the nightshades. There are about 23 species, all native to South America, where they are distributed from Peru to Patagonia. Most occur in the Andes. Most can be found in Argentina and ten are endemic to the country. Description Most ''Jaborosa'' are rhizomatous perennial herbs except '' J. bergii'' and '' J. sativa'', which are annual or biennial. Ecology '' J. rotacea'' is pollinated by flies, and '' J. runcinata'' is pollinated by moths. Sphingid moths feed on the nectar of '' J. integrifolia''. Chemistry Like plants in several other Solanaceae genera, many ''Jaborosa'' species contain steroid-derived compounds called withanolides. Many of the withanolides isolated from ''Jaborosa'' have been dubbed jaborosalactones. Some withanolides are phytotoxic, having effects on other plants such as inhibiting germination and radicle growth. Some have antifeedant effects, deterring insects such as mealworms (''Tenebr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iochroma
''Iochroma'' is a genus of about 34 species of shrubs and small trees belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Species are native from Mexico to south Brazil. They are found in the forests of Mexico and South America. Their hummingbird-pollinated flowers are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy berries. The cupular (cup-shaped) calyx is inflated in some species. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire.Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. pps. 220-226De Witt, S. and Baum, David A. 2006. Phylogenetics of the Florally Diverse Andean Clade Iochrominae ( Solanaceae ) American Journal of Botany 93(8): 1140–1153. Iochromas are cultivated as flowering ornamentals and in cooler zones (zones 7–8/9) make useful patio shrubs for summer display or conservatory plants. The majority are not frost-hardy and must be overwintered under protection. In warmer zon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Withania Somnifera
''Withania somnifera'', known commonly as ashwagandha or winter cherry, is an evergreen shrub in the Solanaceae or nightshade family that grows in India, the Middle East, and parts of Africa. Several other species in the genus ''Withania'' are morphologically similar. Although used in herbalism and sold as a dietary supplement, there is insufficient scientific evidence that it is safe or effective for treating any health condition or disease. Description This species is a short, tender shrub growing tall. Tomentose branches extend radially from a central stem. Leaves are dull green, elliptic, usually up to long. The flowers are small, green and bell-shaped. The ripe fruit is orange-red. Etymology The Latin species name means "sleep-inducing". The name "ashwagandha" is a combination of the Sanskrit words , meaning horse, and , meaning smell, reflecting that the root has a strong horse-like odor. Cultivation ''Withania somnifera'' is cultivated in many of the drier regions o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ergostane
Ergostane is a tetracyclic triterpene, also known as 24''S''-methylcholestane. The compound itself has no known uses; however various functionalized analogues are produced by plants and animals. The most important of these are the heavily derivatised withanolides. However simpler forms do exist, such as the sterane campestane (24''R''-methylcholestane). Along with cholestane and stigmastane, this sterane is used as a biomarker for early eukaryotes. See also * Cholane * Cholestane * Lanostane Lanostane or 4,4,14α-trimethylcholestane is a chemical compound with formula . It is a polycyclic hydrocarbon, specifically a triterpene. It is an isomer of cucurbitane. The name is applied to two stereoisomers, distinguished by the prefixes 5Π... References {{Reflist Triterpenes Biomarkers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycium
''Lycium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution around the globe, with species occurring on most continents in temperate and subtropical regions. South America has the most species, followed by North America and southern Africa. There are several scattered across Europe and Asia, and one is native to Australia.Fukuda, T., et al. (2001)Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Lycium'' (Solanaceae): Inferences from chloroplast DNA sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 19(2), 246-58. Common English names for plants of this genus include box-thorn''Lycium''. The Jepson eFlora 2013. and desert-thorn. There are about 70 to 80 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acnistus Arborescens
''Iochroma arborescens'' is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Iochroma'', belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Formerly it was considered the single species in the monotypic genus ''Acnistus''. Common names include gallinero (= 'henhouse'), mata-gallina (= 'chicken-killer'), fruta-de-sabiá (= 'thrush-fruit'), hollowheart, wild tobacco, siyou, bastard sirio, ''galán arbóreo'', ''tabaco de monte'' (= 'mountain tobacco'), ''nigüito'', ''marieneira'', ''güitite'', and ''tabak djab'' (= 'devil's tobacco').Francis, J. K''Acnistus arborescens''.USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, JardÃn Botánico Sur, Puerto Rico. Etymology The former genus name ''Acnistus'' has been claimed to be a compound of the Greek prefix 'a-' and Latin 'cnistus' misreading of Latin 'crista' - a crest ? which would give the meaning 'without a crest'. A more likely derivation, however, is from the single Homeric Greek word άκνηστις (pron. 'akneestis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotiana
''Nicotiana'' () is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the Family (biology), family Solanaceae, that is Native plant, indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific. Various ''Nicotiana'' species, commonly referred to as tobacco plants, are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. ''Nicotiana tabacum, N. tabacum'' is grown worldwide for the cultivation of tobacco leaves used for manufacturing and producing List of tobacco products, tobacco products, including cigars, cigarillos, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, Snuff (tobacco), snuff, and snus. Taxonomy Species The 79 accepted species include: * ''Nicotiana acuminata'' (Graham) William Jackson Hooker, Hook. – manyflower tobaccoKnapp et al. (2004) Nomenclatural changes and a new sectional classification in Nicotiana (Solanaceae) Taxon. 53(1):73-82. * ''Nicotiana africana'' Merxm. * ''Nicotiana alata'' Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link, Link & Christoph Friedrich Otto, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytochemistry Letters
''Phytochemistry'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering pure and applied plant chemistry, plant biochemistry and molecular biology. It is published by Elsevier and is an official publication for the Phytochemical Society of Europe, the Phytochemical Society of North America, and the Phytochemical Society of Asia. A sister journal ''Phytochemistry Letters'' is published since 2008. Abstracting and indexing ''Phytochemistry'' is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 4.072. References External links {{Official website, http://www.journals.elsevier.com/phytochemistry/ Biochemistry journals Botany journals Elsevier academic journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Withania
''Withania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae, with 23 species that are native to parts of North Africa, western Asia, south Asia, southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Canary Islands. Two of the species, ''W. somnifera'' (ashwagandha) and ''W. coagulans'' (ashutosh booti), are economically significant, and are cultivated in several regions for their medicinal uses. Etymology ''Withania'' is thought to have been named in honour of Henry Witham, a British geologist and writer on fossil botany beginning in 1830. Selected species * ''Withania adpressa'' Cors. * '' Withania adunensis'' Vierh. * ''Withania begoniifolia'' (Roxb.) Hunz. & Barboza * ''Withania chevalieri'' A.E.Goncalves * ''Withania coagulans'' (Stocks) Dunal — Ashutosh booti, Indian rennet, ''panirband'', vegetable rennet * ''Withania frutescens'' (L.) Pauquy * ''Withania japonica'' (Franch. & Sav.) Hunz. * ''Withania qaraitica'' A.G.Mill. & Biagi * ''Withania reichenbachii'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fitoterapia
''Fitoterapia'' is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the use of medicinal plants and bioactive natural products of plant origin in pharmacotherapy. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', ''Fitoterapia'' has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 3.204.. Since 2023 the Editor in Chief is prof. Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati. References External links * English-language journals Elsevier academic journals Publications established in 1930 Pharmacology journals {{pharma-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandragora (genus)
''Mandragora'' is a plant genus belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Members of the genus are known as mandrakes. Between three and five species are placed in the genus. The one or two species found around the Mediterranean constitute the mandrake of ancient writers such as Dioscorides. Two or three further species are found eastwards into China. All are perennial herbaceous plants, with large tap roots and leaves in the form of a rosette. Individual flowers are bell-shaped, whitish through to violet, and followed by yellow or orange berries. Like many members of the Solanaceae, species of ''Mandragora'' contain highly biologically active alkaloids that make the plants poisonous. Their roots in particular have a long use in traditional medicine. Mandrakes are involved in many myths and superstitions. Description Species of ''Mandragora'' are perennial herbaceous plants. They have large vertical tap roots, sometimes forked. Their stems are short or virtually absent. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanum
''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae, comprising around 1,500 species. It also contains the so-called horse nettles (unrelated to the genus of true nettles, ''Urtica''), as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. ''Solanum'' species show a wide range of growth habits, such as annuals and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like '' Lycopersicon'' (the tomatoes) and ''Cyphomandra'' are now included in ''Solanum'' as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500–2,000 species. Name The generic name was first used by Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79) for a plant also known as , most likely ''S. nigrum''. Its derivation is uncertain, possibly stemming from the Latin word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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