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Willibaldsburg0
The Willibaldsburg is a spur castle, built around the year 1353, in Eichstätt in Upper Bavaria. Until the middle of the 18th century, it was the representative castle and seat of Eichstätt's prince-bishops. Location This fortified palace lies west of the Old Town on an elongated hill ridge, the ''Willibaldsberg'' at an elevation of 464 m above sea level,Map services of the overlooking the , the eastern portion being referred to as the Frauenberg. To the east across the valley lies the cathedral city of Eichstätt, and on the western side ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willibaldsburg0
The Willibaldsburg is a spur castle, built around the year 1353, in Eichstätt in Upper Bavaria. Until the middle of the 18th century, it was the representative castle and seat of Eichstätt's prince-bishops. Location This fortified palace lies west of the Old Town on an elongated hill ridge, the ''Willibaldsberg'' at an elevation of 464 m above sea level,Map services of the overlooking the , the eastern portion being referred to as the Frauenberg. To the east across the valley lies the cathedral city of Eichstätt, and on the western side ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hill Castle
A hill castle or mountain castle is a castle built on a natural feature that stands above the surrounding terrain. It is a term derived from the German ''Höhenburg'' used in categorising castle sites by their topographical location. Hill castles are thus distinguished from lowland castles (''Niederungsburgen''). Hill castles may be further subdivided depending on their situation into the following: * Hilltop castle (''Gipfelburg''), that stands on the summit of a hill with steep drops on all sides. A special type is the rock castle or ''Felsenburg''. * Ridge castle (''Kammburg''), that is built on the crest of a ridge. * Hillside castle (''Hangburg''), that is built on the side of a hill and thus is dominated by rising ground on one side. * Spur castle (''Spornburg''), that is built on a hill spur surrounded by steep terrain on three sides and thus only needs to be defended on the one remaining side. When in the 10th and 11th centuries castles lost their pure fortress charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curtain Wall (castle)
A curtain wall is a defensive wall between two fortified towers or bastions of a castle, fortress, or town. Ancient fortifications Evidence for curtain walls or a series of walls surrounding a town or fortress can be found in the historical sources from Assyria and Egypt. Some notable examples are ancient Tel Lachish in Israel and Buhen in Egypt. Curtain walls were built across Europe during the Roman Empire; the early 5th century Theodosian Walls of Constantinople influenced the builders of medieval castles many centuries later. Curtain wall castles In medieval castles, the area surrounded by a curtain wall, with or without towers, is known as the bailey. The outermost walls with their integrated bastions and wall towers together make up the enceinte or main defensive line enclosing the site. In medieval designs of castle and town, the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult. Walls were topped wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augsburg
Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Schwaben with an impressive Altstadt (historical city centre). Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is the third-largest city in Bavaria (after Munich and Nuremberg) with a population of 300,000 inhabitants, with 885,000 in its metropolitan area. After Neuss, Trier, Cologne and Xanten, Augsburg is one of Germany's oldest cities, founded in 15 BC by the Romans as Augsburg#Early history, Augusta Vindelicorum, named after the Roman emperor Augustus. It was a Free Imperial City from 1276 to 1803 and the home of the patrician (post-Roman Europe), patrician Fugger and Welser families that dominated European banking in the 16th century. According to Behringer, in the sixteen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basilius Besler
Basilius Besler (1561–1629) was a respected Nuremberg apothecary and botanist, best known for his monumental ''Hortus Eystettensis''. Biography Besler was born in Nuremberg, Germany on February 13 1561, the son of Michael Besler. His first wife was Rosine Flock, who he married on 31 January 1585. Later he married Susanne Schmidt on 1 December 1596. Altogether he had 16 children. He was elected a member of the city council in 1594. Besler established a pharmacy, ''Zum Marienbild'', at Nuremberg's Hay Market in 1589, and developed his own botanical garden and collection of specimens, for which he became well known. He was curator of the garden ( Eichstätt Garden) of Johann Konrad von Gemmingen (1561–1612), Prince-bishop of Eichstätt in Bavaria. The bishop was an enthusiastic botanist who derived great pleasure from his garden, which rivaled Hortus Botanicus Leiden among early European botanical gardens outside Italy. The gardens surrounded the bishop's palace, Willi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hortus Eystettensis
''Hortus Eystettensis'' (Garden of Eichstätt) is the short title of a codex produced by Basilius Besler, a Nuremberg apothecary and botanist, in 1613 describing the plants of the garden of the Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt in Bavaria. The Renaissance style garden was located at the bishop's palace at the Willibaldsburg and was created over eight terraces overlooking the city of Eichstätt. It was the first botanical garden in germany, and the only one outside of Italy. The bishop had brought plants from all over the world for his garden, and it was thought that it contained examples of all of the shrubs and flowering plants known to horticulturalists at the time. The Bishop, Johann Konrad von Gemmingen (1561-1612), commissioned Besler, who was in charge of the garden, to produce the work in 1611, to record his achievements for posterity. Besler worked on the project for sixteen years, although the bishop died before its completion. Besler had the assistance of his brother and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florilegium
In medieval Latin, a ' (plural ') was a compilation of excerpts or sententia from other writings and is an offshoot of the commonplacing tradition. The word is from the Latin ''flos'' (flower) and '' legere'' (to gather): literally a gathering of flowers, or collection of fine extracts from the body of a larger work. It was adapted from the Greek ''anthologia'' (ἀνθολογία) "anthology", with the same etymological meaning. Medieval usage Medieval ' were systematic collections of extracts taken mainly from the writings of the Church Fathers from early Christian authors, also pagan philosophers such as Aristotle, and sometimes classical writings. A prime example is the ' of Thomas of Ireland, which was completed at the beginning of the fourteenth century. The purpose was to take passages that illustrated certain topics, doctrines or themes. After the medieval period, the term was extended to apply to any miscellany or compilation of literary or scientific character. Flowers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eichstätter Garten
The ''Eichstätter Garten'' or ''Hortus Eystettensis'' ("Eichstätt Garden"), also known as the ''Bastionsgarten'' (Bastion garden) was a botanical garden that was created during the Renaissance period under Prince-Bishop Johann Konrad von Gemmingen on the bastions of the Willibaldsburg in Eichstätt, Upper Bavaria. The plants in the garden were described in the magnificent botanical work ''Hortus Eystettensis'', which was first published in 1613 on behalf of the Prince-Bishop. Historic garden Schaumberg era Gardens at Willibaldsburg date back at least as early as Prince Bishop Martin von Schaumberg (1560–1590) who laid out "new gardens […] behind the palace". The plan of Schaumberg's garden was described by stating that he had "run walls around the castle and the gardens, also renovated the fountains and water-works and put them to better use in various places in the castle, and had made all the preparations, borders, steps, pathways and turns this necessitated". He f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanical Garden
A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, and is the more usual term in the United Kingdom. is a garden with a documented collection of living plants for the purpose of scientific research, conservation, display, and education. Typically plants are labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cactus, cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Most are at least partly open to the public, and may offer guided tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment. Botanical gard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caspar Von Seckendorff
Caspar is a masculine given name. It may refer to: People * Caspar (magus), a name traditionally given to one of the Three Magi in the Bible who brought the baby Jesus gifts *Caspar Austa (born 1982), Estonian cyclist *Caspar Badrutt (1848–1904), Swiss businessman and pioneer of alpine resorts *Caspar Barlaeus (1584–1648), Dutch polymath, Renaissance humanist, theologian, poet and historian *Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629), Danish theologian and medical professor *Caspar Bartholin the Younger (1655–1738), Danish anatomist *Caspar Buberl (1834–1899), American sculptor * Caspar del Bufalo (1786–1837), Italian priest and saint *Caspar Commelijn (1668–1731), Dutch botanist *Caspar de Crayer (1582–1669), Flemish painter *Caspar Cruciger the Younger (1525–1597), German theologian, son of Caspar Creuziger *Caspar Creuziger or Caspar Cruciger the Elder (1504–1548), German humanist, professor of theology and preacher *Caspar Einem (born 1948), Austrian politician * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Konrad Von Gemmingen
Johann Konrad von Gemmingen (also Conrad) (1561−1612) was Prince bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Eichstätt in Bavaria. The bishop was an enthusiastic botanist who derived great pleasure from his garden, which rivaled Hortus Botanicus Leiden among early European botanical gardens outside Italy. Family of origin Johann Konrad came from the Steinegg line of the Swabian noble family of the Lords of Gemmingen and was the third of eight children of Dietrich IX von Gemmingen (1517–1586) an Augsburg councilor and governor of Dillingen and his wife Lia (also Leia), nee von Schellenberg. He is thought to have been born in Tiefenbronn and to have at least partly grown up there. His uncle, the Augsburg Prince-Bishop Otto von Gemmingen, is said to have had a significant influence on his upbringing and repeatedly appears as his mentor. Education and career Johann Konrad's career was typical of an ecclesiastical one of the times. In 1573 he became an ''Exspektanz'' (entitlement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation (), also called the Catholic Reformation () or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and largely ended with the conclusion of the European wars of religion in 1648. Initiated to address the effects of the Protestant Reformation, the Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort composed of apologetic and polemical documents and ecclesiastical configuration as decreed by the Council of Trent. The last of these included the efforts of Imperial Diets of the Holy Roman Empire, heresy trials and the Inquisition, anti-corruption efforts, spiritual movements, and the founding of new religious orders. Such policies had long-lasting effects in European history with exiles of Protestants continuing until the 1781 Patent of Toleration, although smaller expulsions took place in the 19th century. Such reforms included the foundation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
