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Thīna
Thīna (Sanskrit styāna, स्त्यान; pi, थीन) is a Buddhist term that is translated as "sloth". ''Thīna'' is defined as sluggishness or dullness of mind, characterized by a lack of driving power. In the Theravada tradition, ''thīna'' is said to occur in conjunction with middha (''torpor''), which is defined as a morbid state that is characterized by unwieldiness, lack of energy, and opposition to wholesome activity. The two mental factors in conjunction are expressed as thīna-middha (''sloth-torpor''). Thīna is mentioned in the Pali canon as: * One of the five hindrances to meditation practice (in combination with middha, i.e. as ''sloth-torpor'') * One of the fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings * Closely related to the Sanskrit term kausīdya (spiritual sloth), that is identified as one of the twenty secondary unwholesome factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings Explanation Bhikkhu Bodhi explains: Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mental Factors (Buddhism)
Mental factors ( sa, चैतसिक, caitasika or ''chitta samskara'' ; pi, cetasika; Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང ''sems byung''), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object, and that have the ability to color the mind. Within the Abhidhamma, the mental factors are categorized as formations ( sa, samskara) concurrent with mind ( sa, citta).Guenther (1975), Kindle Location 321.Kunsang (2004), p. 23.Geshe Tashi Tsering (2006), Kindle Location 456. Alternate translations for mental factors include "mental states", "mental events", and "concomitants of consciousness". Introduction Mental factors are aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object and have the ability to color the mind. Geshe Tashi Tsering explains: :The Tibetan for mental factors, ''semlay jungwa chö'' (Skt. ''chaitasika dharma''), means phenomena arising from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mental Factors (Buddhism)
Mental factors ( sa, चैतसिक, caitasika or ''chitta samskara'' ; pi, cetasika; Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང ''sems byung''), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object, and that have the ability to color the mind. Within the Abhidhamma, the mental factors are categorized as formations ( sa, samskara) concurrent with mind ( sa, citta).Guenther (1975), Kindle Location 321.Kunsang (2004), p. 23.Geshe Tashi Tsering (2006), Kindle Location 456. Alternate translations for mental factors include "mental states", "mental events", and "concomitants of consciousness". Introduction Mental factors are aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object and have the ability to color the mind. Geshe Tashi Tsering explains: :The Tibetan for mental factors, ''semlay jungwa chö'' (Skt. ''chaitasika dharma''), means phenomena arising from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Old Indo-Aryan language varieties. The most archaic of these is the Vedic Sanskrit found in the Rig Veda, a colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styāna
Styāna (Sanskrit; Tibetan phonetic: ''mukpa'') is a Buddhist term that is translated as "lethargy", "gloominess", etc. In the Mahayana tradition, ''styāna'' is defined as a mental factor that causes the mind to be withdrawn, unclear, and unable to focus.Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 944-945.Kunsang (2004), p. 29. Styāna is identified as one of the twenty secondary unwholesome factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings Definitions The Abhidharma-samuccaya states: :What is gloominess' It is the way in which the mind cannot function properly and is associated with moha. Its function is to aid all basic and proximate emotions. Mipham Rinpoche states: :Lethargy belongs to the category of delusion. It means to be withdrawn, mentally incapable, and unable to focus on an object because of heaviness of body and mind. It forms the support for the disturbing emotions. Alexander Berzin explains: :Foggymindedness (rmugs-pa) is a part of naivety ( moha). It is a heavy feeling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia via the Silk Road. It is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers (Buddhists) who comprise seven percent of the global population. The Buddha taught the Middle Way, a path of spiritual development that avoids both extreme asceticism and hedonism. It aims at liberation from clinging and craving to things which are impermanent (), incapable of satisfying ('), and without a lasting essence (), ending the cycle of death and rebirth (). A summary of this path is expressed in the Noble Eightfold Path, a training of the mind with observance of Buddhist ethics and meditation. Other widely observed practices include: monasticism; " taking refuge" in the Buddha, the , and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middha
Not to be confused with ''surname Middha'', the 68,736th most widespread family name on earth peforebears.io Middha (Sanskrit: मिद्ध; Pali: मिद्ध ; Tibetan phonetic: ''nyi'') is a Buddhist term that is translated as "torpor", "drowsiness", "sleep", etc. In the Theravada tradition, ''middha'' is defined as a morbid state that is characterized by unwieldiness, lack of energy, and opposition to wholesome activity. In the Mahayana tradition, ''middha'' is defined as a mental factor that causes the mind to draw inward, lose discrimination between wholesome and unwholesome activities, and drop out of activities altogether.Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 1009-1011.Kunsang (2004), p. 28. Middha is identified as: * One of the fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings * One of the four changeable mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings * One of the five hindrances to meditation (in combination with thīna) Explanati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Hindrances
In the Buddhist tradition, the five hindrances ( Sinhala: ''පඤ්ච නීවරණ pañca nīvaraṇa''; Pali: ') are identified as mental factors that hinder progress in meditation and in our daily lives. In the Theravada tradition, these factors are identified specifically as obstacles to the jhānas (stages of concentration) within meditation practice. Within the Mahayana tradition, the five hindrances are identified as obstacles to samatha (tranquility) meditation. Contemporary Insight Meditation teachers identify the five hindrances as obstacles to mindfulness meditation. The five hindrances are: # Sensory desire (''kāmacchanda''): seeking for pleasure through the five senses of sight, sound, smell, taste and physical feeling. # Ill-will (''vyāpāda''; also spelled ''byāpāda''): feelings of hostility, resentment, hatred and bitterness. # Sloth-and-torpor (''thīna-middha''): half-hearted action with little or no effort or concentration. # Restlessness-and-worry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atthasālinī
Atthasālinī (Pali) is a Buddhist text composed by Buddhaghosa in the Theravada Abhidharma tradition. The title has been translated as "The Expositor"van Gorkom (2009)Preface or "Providing the Meaning". In the ''Atthasālinī'', Buddhaghosa explains the meaning of terms that occur in the Dhammasangani, a Buddhist text that is part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. Mental factors Within the ''Atthasālinī'', Buddhaghosa explains the meanings of the fifty-two mental factors (Pali: cetasikas) described in the Dhammasangani. Translations * Buddhaghosa, Maung Tin, et al. (1958), ''The Expositor'', Pali Text Society The Pali Text Society is a text publication society founded in 1881 by Thomas William Rhys Davids "to foster and promote the study of Pāli texts". Pāli is the language in which the texts of the Theravada school of Buddhism are preserved. The Pā ... References Sources * * Aṭṭhakathā {{buddhist-text-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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