Thīna (

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...

styāna, स्त्यान; pi, थीन) is a

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

term that is translated as "sloth". ''Thīna'' is defined as sluggishness or dullness of mind, characterized by a lack of driving power. In the Theravada tradition, ''thīna'' is said to occur in conjunction with

middha Not to be confused with ''surname Middha'', the 68,736th most widespread family name on earth peforebears.io Middha (Sanskrit: मिद्ध; Pali: मिद्ध ; Tibetan phonetic: ''nyi'') is a Buddhist term that is translated as "torpor", "d ...

(''torpor''), which is defined as a morbid state that is characterized by unwieldiness, lack of energy, and opposition to wholesome activity.Bhikkhu Bodhi (2003), p. 84
/ref> The two mental factors in conjunction are expressed as thīna-middha (''sloth-torpor''). Thīna is mentioned in the Pali canon as: * One of the

five hindrances In the Buddhist tradition, the five hindrances ( Sinhala: ''පඤ්ච නීවරණ pañca nīvaraṇa''; Pali: ') are identified as mental factors that hinder progress in meditation and in our daily lives. In the Theravada tradition, thes ...

to meditation practice (in combination with

, i.e. as ''sloth-torpor'') * One of the fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings * Closely related to the Sanskrit term kausīdya (spiritual sloth), that is identified as one of the twenty secondary unwholesome factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings

Explanation

Bhikkhu Bodhi explains: The

Atthasālinī Atthasālinī (Pali) is a Buddhist text composed by Buddhaghosa in the Theravada Abhidharma tradition. The title has been translated as "The Expositor"van Gorkom (2009)Preface or "Providing the Meaning". In the ''Atthasālinī'', Buddhaghosa expla ...

(II, Book I, Part IX, Chapter II, 255) states about sloth and torpor: “Absence of striving, difficulty through inability, is the meaning.” We then read the following definitions of sloth and torpor: Nina van Gorkom explains:

References

Sources

* Bhikkhu Bodhi (2003), ''A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma'', Pariyatti Publishing * Nina van Gorkom (2010)
''Cetasikas''
Zolag

External links

* {{wikiquote-inline Unwholesome factors in Buddhism Sanskrit words and phrases

Explanation

See also

References

Sources

External links