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Tetradium Ruticarpum
''Tetradium ruticarpum'' is a tree that comes from China and Korea. It was previously classified in the genus '' Euodia'' as ''Euodia ruticarpa''. The fruit is usually used, denoted sometimes as ''fructus''. It has a strong bitter taste, and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is a recognized herb in Kampo. Both the former genus name and the species name are often misspelled, and the plant usually appears in sources dealing with traditional Chinese medicine as "''Evodia(e) rutaecarpa''". Production Cultivation ''Tetradium ruticarpum'' is grown mainly in China. Harvesting The fruit is picked. It may be consumed as food. Traditional medicine Traditional Chinese medicine In traditional Chinese medicine the herb is described as a fruit. Kampo ''Tetradium ruticarpum'' is called in Japanese, used in ''Goshuyu-tou'' and ''Unkentou'' ( :ja:温経湯). These are Kampo (漢方) preparations of mixed herbs, the former named after this plant. The mixture is noted for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euodia (genus)
''Euodia'' is a plant genus in the family Rutaceae. ''Euodia'' is sometimes misspelled as ''Evodia''. The species now included in the genus ''Tetradium'' were previously included in ''Euodia'', and may be commonly referred to as euodia. Fossil record Fossil seeds of ''Euodia costata'' have been recovered from Eocene sediments at Hordle, Hants, southern England. A fossil species, ''Euodia lignita'', has been described from Oligocene Brandon Lignite sediments in Vermont, United States. Species * '' Euodia elleryana'' * '' Euodia hortensis'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. * '' Euodia hylandii'' * ''Euodia lunuankenda'' * ''Euodia macrocarpa'' * ''Euodia pubifolia'' * ''Euodia robusta'' * ''Euodia schullei'' Warb. * ''Euodia simplicifolia'' * ''Euodia tietaensis'' * ''Euodia vitiflora'' Former species * ''Euodia hupehensis'': is now classed as ''Tetradium daniellii'' var. ''hupehensis'' Former species * ''Euodia ruticarpa'', now ''Tetradium ruticarpum'' * ''Euodia micrococca'', now ''Mel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zanthoxyloideae
''Zanthoxyloideae'' is a subfamily of the family Rutaceae. Genera The division of the subfamily into genera varied, . Genera accepted in a 2021 classification of Rutaceae into subfamilies were: *'' Acmadenia'' Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. *'' Acradenia'' Kippist *''Acronychia'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. *'' Adenandra'' Willd. *'' Adiscanthus'' Ducke *''Agathosma'' Willd. *'' Andreadoxa'' Kallunki *''Angostura'' Roem. & Schult. *'' Apocaulon'' R.S.Cowan *'' Asterolasia'' F.Muell. *'' Balfourodendron'' Mello ex Oliv. *''Boronia'' Sm. *''Bosistoa'' F.Muell. ex Benth. *'' Bouchardatia'' Baill. *'' Brombya'' F.Muell. *''Calodendrum'' Thunb. *''Casimiroa'' La Llave *''Choisya'' Kunth *'' Chorilaena'' Endl. *'' Coatesia'' F.Muell., syn. ''Geijera'' Schott *'' Coleonema'' Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. *'' Comptonella'' Baker f. *'' Conchocarpus'' J.C.Mikan *'' Correa'' Andrews *'' Crossosperma'' T.G.Hartley *'' Crowea'' Sm. *'' Cyanothamnus'' Lindl. *'' Decagonocarpus'' Engl. *'' Decatropis'' Hook.f. *'' Decazyx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diosmetin
Diosmetin, also known as 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone, is an ''O''-methylated flavone, a chemical compound that can be found in the Caucasian vetch. It has been found to act as a weak TrkB receptor agonist. Glycosides Diosmetin is the aglycone of diosmin Diosmin (diosmetin 7-O-rutinoside), a flavone glycoside of diosmetin, is manufactured from citrus fruit peels as a phlebotonic non-prescription dietary supplement used to aid treatment of hemorrhoids or chronic venous diseases, mainly of the le .... See also * Tropomyosin receptor kinase B § Agonists References O-methylated flavones Resorcinols TrkB agonists 3-Hydroxypropenals within hydroxyquinones {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rutin
Rutin, also called rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin, is the glycoside combining the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose). It is a flavonoid found in a wide variety of plants, including citrus. Occurrences Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the invasive plant species, ''Carpobrotus edulis''. Its name comes from the name of ''Ruta graveolens'', a plant that also contains rutin. Various citrus fruit peels contain 32 to 49 mg/g of flavonoids expressed as rutin equivalents. Citrus leaves contain rutin at concentrations of 11 and 7 g/kg in orange and lime trees, respectively. In 2021, Samoan researchers identified rutin in the native plant, ''matalafi'' (''Psychotria insularum''). Metabolism The enzyme quercitrinase found in ''Aspergillus flavus'' is in the rutin catabolic pathway. In food Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat, the leaves and pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavonoids
Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word ''flavus'', meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans. Chemically, flavonoids have the general structure of a 15-carbon skeleton, which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ring (C, the ring containing the embedded oxygen). This carbon structure can be abbreviated C6-C3-C6. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, they can be classified into: *flavonoids or bioflavonoids *isoflavonoids, derived from 3-phenyl chromen-4-one (3-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure *neoflavonoids, derived from 4-phenylcoumarine (4-phenyl-1,2-benzopyrone) structure The three flavonoid classes above are all ketone-containing compounds and as such, anthoxanthins ( flavones and flavonols). This class was the first to be termed bioflavonoids. The terms flavonoid and bioflavonoid have also been more loosely used to describe non- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synephrine
Synephrine, or, more specifically, ''p''-synephrine, is an alkaloid, occurring naturally in some plants and animals, and also in approved drugs products as its ''m''-substituted analog known as neo-synephrine. ''p''-Synephrine (or formerly Sympatol and oxedrine British_Approved_Name">BAN.html" ;"title="British_Approved_Name.html" ;"title="nowiki/>British Approved Name">BAN">British_Approved_Name.html" ;"title="nowiki/>British Approved Name">BAN and ''m''-synephrine are known for their longer acting adrenergic effects compared to epinephrine and norepinephrine. This substance is present at very low concentrations in common foodstuffs such as orange juice and other orange (''Citrus'' species) products, both of the "sweet" and "bitter" variety. The preparations used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), also known as Zhi Shi (枳实), are the immature and dried whole oranges from ''Citrus aurantium'' (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus). Extracts of the same material or purified synephrine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evodiamine
Evodiamine is a chemical compound extracted from the plant genus ''Tetradium'', which has been shown to reduce fat uptake in mouse studies. It is suspected that its mechanism of action is similar to that of capsaicin. As such, it has been included in some dietary supplements. Neither its fat-burning effects in humans nor any potential side effects have been empirically established. Evodiamine acts primarily as a thermogenic and stimulant. Evodiamine may also act by increasing the number of serotonin transporter The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene. SERT is a type of monoamine transporter protein tha ...s available in the brain, enhancing the reuptake of serotonin. References {{Transient receptor potential channel modulators Stimulants Lactams Nitrogen heterocycles Indole alkaloids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kampo
, often known simply as , is the study of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan following its introduction, beginning in the 7th century. It was adapted and modified to suit Japanese culture and traditions. Traditional Japanese medicine uses most of the Chinese methods, including acupuncture, moxibustion, traditional Chinese herbology, and traditional food therapy. History Origins According to Chinese mythology, the origins of traditional Chinese medicine are traced back to the three legendary sovereigns Fuxi, Shennong and Yellow Emperor. Shennong is believed to have tasted hundreds of herbs to ascertain their medicinal value and effects on the human body and help relieve people of their sufferings. The oldest written record focusing solely on the medicinal use of plants was the ''Shennong Ben Cao Jing'' which was compiled around the end of the first century B.C. and is said to have classified 365 species of herbs or medicinal plants. Chinese medical practices were intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COX-2 Inhibitor
COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. Targeting selectivity for COX-2 reduces the risk of peptic ulceration and is the main feature of celecoxib, rofecoxib, and other members of this drug class. After several COX-2-inhibiting drugs were approved for marketing, data from clinical trials revealed that COX-2 inhibitors caused a significant increase in heart attacks and strokes, with some drugs in the class having worse risks than others. Rofecoxib (sold under the brand name Vioxx) was taken off the market in 2004 because of these concerns, while celecoxib (sold under the brand name Celebrex) and traditional NSAIDs received boxed warnings on their labels. Many COX-2-specific inhibitors have been removed from the US market. As of December 2011, only Celebrex (generic name of celecoxib) is still available for purchase in the United States. In the European ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indole Alkaloid
Indole alkaloids are a class of alkaloids containing a structural moiety of indole; many indole alkaloids also include isoprene groups and are thus called terpene indole or secologanin tryptamine alkaloids. Containing more than 4100 known different compounds, it is one of the largest classes of alkaloids. Many of them possess significant physiological activity and some of them are used in medicine. The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids. History The action of some indole alkaloids has been known for ages. Aztecs used the psilocybin mushrooms which contain alkaloids psilocybin and psilocin. The flowering plant ''Rauvolfia serpentina'' which contains reserpine was a common medicine in India around 1000 BC. Africans used the roots of the perennial rainforest shrub Iboga, which contain ibogaine, as a stimulant. An infusion of Calabar bean seeds was given to people accused of crime in Nigeria: its rejection by stomach was regarded as a sign of innoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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