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TRPM3
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM3'' gene. Function The product of this gene belongs to the family of Transient receptor potential channel, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are Ca2+ permeable non-selective Ion channel, cation channels that play roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including calcium signaling, Temperature sensation, heat and cold sensation, calcium and magnesium homeostasis. TRPMs mediates sodium and calcium entry, which induces depolarization and a cytoplasmic Calcium signaling, Ca2+ signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been -identified. TRPM3 was shown to be activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate as well as the synthetic compound CIM-0216, CIM0216. Peripheral heat sensation TRPM3 is expressed in peripheral sensory neurons of the Dorsal root ganglion, dorsal root ganglia, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRPM3-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a Single-gene disorder, monogenetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that affects the central nervous system. The broad phenotype includes global developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, musculoskeletal anomalies, altered pain perception, ataxia, hypotonia, nystagmus, and Cerebellum, cerebellar atrophy. Signs and Symptoms The earliest sign for TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder is usually congenital hypotonia. Infant feeding issues including dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux are also reported. Global developmental delay is nearly always present along with mild-to-severe intellectual disability. Epilepsy is reported in 50% of cases. Other signs of TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder are dysmorphic facial features, scoliosis, hip dysplasia, exotropia, strabismus, nystagmus, ataxia, and altered pain perception. Cause TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder is an autosomal dominant genetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CIM-0216
CIM-0216 is a chemical compound which acts as a potent and selective activator of the TRPM3 calcium channel. It produces nociception and inflammation Inflammation (from ) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. The five cardinal signs are heat, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function (Latin ''calor'', '' ... and is used to study the function of the TRPM3 receptor in these processes. References {{Transient receptor potential channel modulators Oxazoles Acetamides Phenyl compounds Tetrahydroquinolines Transient receptor potential channel agonists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transient Receptor Potential Channel
Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. Most of these are grouped into two broad groups: Group 1 includes TRPC ( "C" for canonical), TRPV ("V" for vanilloid), TRPVL ("VL" for vanilloid-like), TRPM ("M" for melastatin), TRPS ("S" for soromelastatin), TRPN ("N" for mechanoreceptor potential C), and TRPA (channel), TRPA ("A" for ankyrin). Group 2 consists of TRPP ("P" for polycystic) and TRPML ("ML" for mucolipin). Other less-well categorized TRP channels exist, including yeast channels and a number of Group 1 and Group 2 channels present in non-animals. Many of these channels mediate a variety of sensations such as pain, temperature, different kinds of taste, pressure, and vision. In the body, some TRP channels are thought to behave like microscopic thermometers and used in animals to sense hot or cold. Some TRP channels are activated by molecules found in spices like garlic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primidone
Primidone, sold under various brand names (including Mysoline), is a barbiturate medication that is used to treat partial seizure, partial and generalized seizures and essential tremors. It is taken Oral administration, by mouth. Its common side effects include sleepiness, poor coordination, nausea, and loss of appetite. Severe side effects may include suicide and psychosis. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. Primidone is an anticonvulsant of the barbiturate class; however, its long-term effect in raising the seizure threshold is likely due to its active metabolite, phenobarbital. The drug’s other active metabolite is Phenylethylmalonamide, Phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA). Primidone was approved for medical use in the United States in 1954. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 269th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions. Medical uses Epilepsy It is licensed for generalized t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRPM
TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (''M'' standing for '' wikt:melastatin''). Functional TRPM channels are believed to form tetramers. The TRPM family consists of eight different channels, TRPM1–TRPM8. Unlike the TRPC and TRPV sub-families, TRPM subunits do not contain N-terminal ankyrin repeat motifs but, rather, contain entire functional proteins in their C-termini. TRPM6 and TRPM7, for example, contain functional α-kinase segments, which are a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase. Permeability and activation The relative permeability of calcium and magnesium varies widely among TRPM channels. * TRPM4 and TRPM5 are impermeable to calcium. *TRPM3, TRPM6 and TRPM7 are highly permeable to both calcium and magnesium. The mechanism of activation also varies greatly among TRPM channels. * TRPM2 is activated by ADP-ribose adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose and functions as a sensor of redox status in cells. * TRPM4 and TRPM5 are activated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ononetin
Ononetin is a natural product from the deoxybenzoin group, which is found in the Russian traditional medicine plant ''Ononis spinosa''. It acts as an inhibitor of the transient receptor potential ion channel TRPM3 and has analgesic effects in animal studies, as well as being used for research into the role of TRPM3 in the immune system dysfunction associated with chronic fatigue syndrome Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling Chronic condition, chronic illness. People with ME/CFS experience profound fatigue that does not go away with rest, as well as sleep issues and problems with memory .... References {{Transient receptor potential channel modulators Ion channel blockers Phenyl compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pregnenolone Sulfate
Pregnenolone sulfate (PS, PREGS) is an endogenous excitatory neurosteroid that is synthesized from pregnenolone. It is known to have cognitive and memory-enhancing, antidepressant, anxiogenic, and proconvulsant effects. Biological activity Pregnenolone sulfate is a neurosteroid with excitatory effects in the brain, acting as a potent negative allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor and a weak positive allosteric modulator of the NMDA receptor. To a lesser extent, it also acts as a negative allosteric modulator of the AMPA, kainate, and glycine receptors, and may interact with the nACh receptors as well. In addition to its effects on ligand-gated ion channels, pregnenolone sulfate is an agonist of the sigma receptor, as well as an activator of the TRPM1 and TRPM3 channels. It may also interact with potassium channels and voltage-gated sodium channels and has been found to inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels. Biochemistry Biosynthesis Pregnenolone su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isosakuranetin
Isosakuranetin, an O-methylated flavonoid, is the 4'-methoxy derivative of naringenin, a flavanone. Didymin, a disaccharide of isosakuranetin, occur e.g. in sweet orange, blood orange and mandarin. Isosakuranetin is a potent inhibitor of TRPM3 channels. Glycosides * Poncirin is the 7-O- neohesperidoside of isosakuranetin. * Didymin is the 7-O-rutinoside Rutinose is the disaccharide also known as 6-''O''-α-L- rhamnosyl-D-glucose (C12H22O10) that is present in some flavonoid glycosides. It is prepared from rutin by hydrolysis Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of wat ... of isosakuranetin References O-methylated flavanones Flavonoids found in Rutaceae Resorcinols {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pregnenolone Sulfate
Pregnenolone sulfate (PS, PREGS) is an endogenous excitatory neurosteroid that is synthesized from pregnenolone. It is known to have cognitive and memory-enhancing, antidepressant, anxiogenic, and proconvulsant effects. Biological activity Pregnenolone sulfate is a neurosteroid with excitatory effects in the brain, acting as a potent negative allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor and a weak positive allosteric modulator of the NMDA receptor. To a lesser extent, it also acts as a negative allosteric modulator of the AMPA, kainate, and glycine receptors, and may interact with the nACh receptors as well. In addition to its effects on ligand-gated ion channels, pregnenolone sulfate is an agonist of the sigma receptor, as well as an activator of the TRPM1 and TRPM3 channels. It may also interact with potassium channels and voltage-gated sodium channels and has been found to inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels. Biochemistry Biosynthesis Pregnenolone su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperetin
Hesperetin is the 4'-methoxy derivative of eriodictyol, a flavanone. The 7-''O''-glycoside of hesperetin, hesperidin, is a naturally occurring flavanone-glycoside, the main flavonoid in grapefruits, lemons, and sweet oranges. Glycosides Various glycosides of hesperetin are known, including hesperidin (hesperetin-7-''O''-rutinoside), a water-insoluble flavonoid glycoside with low water solubility, Hesperidin is found in citrus fruits and upon ingestion it releases its aglycone, hesperetin. Neohesperidin is the 7-''O''- neohesperidoside of hesperetin. Metabolism Hesperidin 6-''O''-α-L-rhamnosyl-β-D-glucosidase is an enzyme that uses hesperidin and H2O to produce hesperetin and rutinose. Upon digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, hesperetin as for all flavonoids is rapidly metabolized in intestinal and liver cells, releasing smaller metabolites into the blood and urine for excretion. The biological effects of such metabolites ''in vivo'' are unknown. Laboratory res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperature Sensation
In physiology, thermoception or thermoreception is the sensation and perception of temperature, or more accurately, temperature differences inferred from heat flux. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal in order to trigger an appropriate response. Thermal stimuli may be noxious (posing a threat to the subject) or innocuous (no threat). The temperature sensitive proteins in thermoreceptors may also be activated by menthol or capsaicin, hence why these molecules evoke cooling and burning sensations, respectively. A thermoreceptor may absorb heat via conduction, convection or radiation. However, the type of heat transfer is usually irrelevant to the functioning of a thermoceptor. Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are believed to play a role in many species in sensation of hot, cold, and pain. Vertebrates have at least tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
