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São Francisco River (Jequitinhonha River)
The São Francisco River (, ) is a large river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and the Madeira). It used to be known as the by the indigenous people before colonisation, and is today also known as . The São Francisco originates in the Canastra mountain range in the central-western part of the state of Minas Gerais. It runs generally north in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, behind the coastal range, draining an area of over , before turning east to form the border between Bahia on the right bank and the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas on the left one. After that, it forms the boundary between the states of Alagoas and Sergipe and washes into the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the five states which the São Francisco directly traverses or borders, its drainage basin also includes tributaries from the state of Goià ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is BrasÃlia, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-arid Climate
A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-arid climates, depending on variables such as temperature, and they give rise to different biomes. Defining attributes of semi-arid climates A more precise definition is given by the Köppen climate classification, which treats steppe climates (''BSk'' and ''BSh'') as intermediates between desert climates (BW) and humid climates (A, C, D) in ecological characteristics and agricultural potential. Semi-arid climates tend to support short, thorny or scrubby vegetation and are usually dominated by either grasses or shrubs as it usually can't support forests. To determine if a location has a semi-arid climate, the precipitation threshold must first be determined. The method used to find the precipitation threshold (in millimeters): *multiply by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kariri Languages
The Karirà languages, generally considered dialects of a single language, were a group of languages formerly spoken by the Kiriri people of Brazil. It was spoken until the middle of the 20th century; the 4,000 ethnic Kiriri are now monolingual Portuguese speakers, though a few know common phrases and names of medicinal plants. History After the Dutch were expelled from Northeast Brazil in the 17th century, Portuguese settlers rapidly colonized the region, forcing Kariri speakers to become widely dispersed due to forced migrations and resettlement. Hence, Kariri languages became scattered across ParaÃba, Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia, and other states. Languages The four known Kariri languages are: *Kipeá language, Kipeá (Quipea, Kariri) *Kamurú language, Kamurú (Camuru) *Dzubukuá language, Dzubukuá (Dzubucua, Kiriri) *Sabujá language, Sabujá (Sapoyá, Pedra Branca) There are short grammatical descriptions of Kipeá and Dzubukuá, and word lists for Kamurú and Sabujá. Rib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truká Language
Truká is an extinct and unattested, but presumed, language of Brazil. The ethnic population is about 1,300. It was originally spoken in the Ilha da Assunção archipelago of the São Francisco River in Cabrobó, Pernambuco Pernambuco () is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.6 million people as of 2020, making it seventh-most populous state of Brazil and with around 98,148 km², being the 19 ... State. Further reading *Batista, Mércia Rejane Rangel. ''De caboclos da Assunção à Ãndios Truká: estudo sobre a emergência da identidade étnica Truká''. Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ-Museu Nacional, 1992. 229 p. (M.A. thesis) *CIMI Nordeste. ''Truká: violência, impunidade e descaso''. Recife: Cimi-NE, 1992. 35 p. (Série 500 Anos de Resistência) *Gerlic, Sebastián (ed.). ''Os Ãndios na visão dos Ãndios''. ''Truká''. Salvador: Thydêwá, 2003. References * Fabre, Alain (2005)"Truká" (''Diccionario et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natú Language
Natú ( Peagaxinan) is an extinct language of eastern Brazil. It was originally spoken on the Ipanema River in the Cariri area near present-day Porto Real do Colégio. Vocabulary Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. : Natu as spoken by Natu caboclos in Colégio, Alagoas:Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. ''LÃnguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos''. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19. : References * * Nimuendajú, Curt: Lista comparativa com 19 itens Natu. Pasta nº. 6 del Archivo da Sala LingüÃstica del Departamento de AntropologÃa del Museo Nacional, RÃo de Janeiro. * Oliveira, Carlos Estevão de. mss. e informações. ''Rev. Mus. Paul'', 17. São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuxá Language
Tuxá (Tusha; also ''Todela ~ Rodela, Carapató, Payacú'') was the eastern Brazilian language of the Tuxá people, who now speak Portuguese. The language ceased being spoken in the late 19th century, but in the 1960s a research team found two women that had been expelled from the Tuxa tribe in Bahia who knew some thirty words. It was spoken along the São Francisco River near Glória, Bahia, and was reported by Loukotka (1968) to have more recently been in the village of Rodelas, Pernambuco (now part of Bahia). Vocabulary Loukotka (1968) Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. : Pompeu (1958) Tushá vocabulary collected by Antônio Likaro e Cordorina in Rodelas:Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. ''LÃnguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos''. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19. : Meader (1978) In 1961, Wilbur Pickering recorded the following word list in Juazeiro, Bahia from Maria Dias dos Santos. She was an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples In Brazil
Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( pt, povos indÃgenas no Brasil) or Indigenous Brazilians ( pt, indÃgenas brasileiros, links=no) once comprised an estimated 2000 tribes and nations inhabiting what is now the country of Brazil, before European contact around 1500. Christopher Columbus thought he had reached the East Indies, but Portuguese Vasco da Gama had already reached India via the Indian Ocean route, when Brazil was colonized by Portugal. Nevertheless, the word ("Indians") was by then established to designate the people of the New World and continues to be used in the Portuguese language to designate these people, while a person from India is called in order to distinguish the two. At the time of European contact, some of the Indigenous people were traditionally semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering and migrant agriculture. Many tribes suffered extinction as a consequence of the European settlement and many were assimilated into the Brazilian po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diminutive
A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment. A (abbreviated ) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. In many languages, such forms can be translated as "little" and diminutives can also be formed as multi-word constructions such as " Tiny Tim". Diminutives are often employed as nicknames and pet names when speaking to small children and when expressing extreme tenderness and intimacy to an adult. The opposite of the diminutive form is the augmentative. Beyond the ''diminutive form'' of a single word, a ''diminutive'' can be a multi-word name, such as "Tiny Tim" or "Little Dorrit". In many languages, formation of diminutives by adding suffixes is a productive part of the language. For example, in Spanish can be a nickname for someone who is overweight, and by adding an suffix, it becomes which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calendar Of The Saints
The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint. The word "feast" in this context does not mean "a large meal, typically a celebratory one", but instead "an annual religious celebration, a day dedicated to a particular saint". The system arose from the early Christian custom of commemorating each martyr annually on the date of their death, or birth into heaven, a date therefore referred to in Latin as the martyr's ''dies natalis'' ('day of birth'). In the Eastern Orthodox Church, a calendar of saints is called a ''Menologion''. "Menologion" may also mean a set of icons on which saints are depicted in the order of the dates of their feasts, often made in two panels. History As the number of recognized saints increased during Late Antiquity and the first half of the Middle Ages, eventually every day of the year had at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europeans
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common genetic ancestry, common language, or both. Pan and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct "''peoples of Europe''", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute ethnic minorities. The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans.Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil (2002), Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen', Braumüller, (Google Books, snippet view). Als2006 reprint by Springer(Amazon, no preview) . The Russians are the most populous among Europeans, with a population of roughly 120 million. There are no universally accepted and precise definitions of the terms " ethnic group" and "nationality". In the context of European ethnography in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Francis Of Assisi
Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a Mysticism, mystic Italian Catholic Church, Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianity. He was inspired to lead a life of poverty and Itinerant preacher, itinerant preaching. Pope Gregory IX canonized him on 16 July 1228. He is usually depicted in a robe with a rope as belt. In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the sultan al-Kamil and put an end to the conflict of the Fifth Crusade. In 1223, he arranged for the first Christmas live nativity scene. According to Christian tradition, in 1224 he received the stigmata during the Vision (spirituality), apparition of a Seraphic angel in a religious ecstasy. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women's Order of Saint Clare, Order of St. Clare, the Third Order of Saint Francis, Third Order of St. Francis and the Custody of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piranhas, Alagoas
Piranhas is a historic municipality near the western limit of the State of Alagoas, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Located on the banks of the São Francisco River, on the border with the State of Sergipe, Piranhas was founded in 1891 and originally named Floriano Peixoto (in honor of the Army General who was one of the founders of the Republic and was later elected President). It was also known as ''Porto de Piranhas'', because fishermen caught piranhas (a carnivorous predator fish) there. History The town was founded in 1891. Its architecture is typical of late Empire, Northeast style of constructions. In the 1930s, Piranhas was attacked several times by the cangaceiros, bands of marauders and bandits, commanded by the infamous Lampião, who frequently hid from the police in the rocky outcrops near the city. Transport Railway Historically Piranhas was the upstream limit of navigation on the lower São Francisco River. Immediately upstream of Piranhas there were impassa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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