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Roncalais
Roncalese (in Basque: ''erronkariera'', in Roncalese dialect: ''Erronkariko uskara'') is an extinct Basque dialect once spoken in the Roncal Valley in Navarre, Spain. It is a subdialect of Eastern Navarrese in the classification of Koldo Zuazo. It had been classified as a subdialect of Souletin (otherwise spoken in the province of Soule in France) in the 19th-century classification of Louis Lucien Bonaparte, and as a separate dialect in the early-20th-century classification of Resurrección María de Azkue. The last speaker of the Roncalese, Fidela Bernat, died in 1991. Roncalese preserves historical nasals which have been lost from other dialects, a fact which has proven valuable in discrediting the ''aizkora'' theory (that Basque vocabulary is continuous from the Stone Age). Text See also *Basque dialects Basque dialects are linguistic varieties of the Basque language which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard Basque. Betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Navarrese
Eastern Navarrese (''Ekialdeko nafar euskalkia'' in Basque) is an extinct Basque dialect spoken in Navarre, Spain. It included two subdialects: Salazarese and Roncalais. The name of this dialect was proposed by the foremost living Basque dialectologist, Koldo Zuazo Koldo Zuazo ( Eibar, Gipuzkoa, 1956) is a Basque linguist, professor at the University of the Basque Country and specialist in Basque language dialectology and sociolinguistics. The dialects of the Basque language Since 1998, Zuazo's work o ..., in a new classification of Basque dialects published in 2004. Later on, when the last speakers (of the Salazarese subdialect) died at the beginning of the 21st century, Zuazo retired Eastern Navarrese from the list of living dialects. Comparison Notes and references External links *Map of Basque dialects by Koldo Zuazo {{Portal, Language Basque dialects Navarre culture Languages extinct in the 1990s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navarre
Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France. The capital city is Pamplona ( eu, Iruña). The present-day province makes up the majority of the territory of the medieval Kingdom of Navarre, a long-standing Pyrenean kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost part, Lower Navarre, located in the southwest corner of France. Navarre is in the transition zone between Green Spain and semi-arid interior areas, and thus its landscapes vary widely across the region. Being in a transition zone also produces a highly variable climate, with summers that are a mix of cooler spells and heat waves, and winters that are mild for the latitude. Navarr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Dialect
Basque dialects are linguistic varieties of the Basque language which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard Basque. Between six and nine Basque dialects have been historically distinguished: *Biscayan *Gipuzkoan * Upper Navarrese (Northern and Southern) * Lower Navarrese (Eastern and Western) *Lapurdian * Souletin (Souletin and Roncalese) In modern times, however, both Lower Navarrese and Lapurdian are considered part of a Navarrese–Lapurdian dialect, so there would be five dialects, divided into 11 subdialects and 24 minor varieties. The boundaries of all these dialects do not coincide directly with current political or administrative boundaries. It was believed that the dialect boundaries between Bizkaian, Gipuzkoan and Upper Navarrese showed some relation to some pre-Roman tribal boundaries between the Caristii, Varduli and Vascones. However, main Basque dialectologists now deny any direct relation between those tribes and Basq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roncal Valley
The Roncal Valley ( eu, Erronkaribar, label=Standard Basque, es, Valle de Roncal) is a valley and mancomunidad in the very east of Navarre, bordering the autonomous community of Aragon to the East and France to the north. It is part of the Merindad of Sangüesa. The Ezka River, a tributary of the Aragón (river), Aragón, flows from north to south through the center of the valley. The Roncalese dialect of Basque was historically spoken within this valley. It shares its name with the town and municipality of Roncal – Erronkari, Roncal. While the last speakers of the valley's traditional dialect have passed away, the valley is located in Navarre's mixed language zone and does have a number of Basque speakers. Government The valley, as a local entity, is classified as an or "grouping of traditional character" within Navarre. It is governed by a or general council, consisting of 21 members, three from each village. Tourism As a tourist destination, the Roncal Valley is know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Madrid , coordinates = , largest_city = Madrid , languages_type = Official language , languages = Spanish language, Spanish , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = , ethnic_groups_ref = , religion = , religion_ref = , religion_year = 2020 , demonym = , government_type = Unitary state, Unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary constitutional monarchy , leader_title1 = Monarchy of Spain, Monarch , leader_name1 = Felipe VI , leader_title2 = Prime Minister of Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koldo Zuazo
Koldo Zuazo ( Eibar, Gipuzkoa, 1956) is a Basque linguist, professor at the University of the Basque Country and specialist in Basque language dialectology and sociolinguistics. The dialects of the Basque language Since 1998, Zuazo's work on the Basque dialects has drawn a new classification and a new map of these dialects—this has been a revolution in a field where few changes were made since Louis Lucien Bonaparte's works (1863).Erdozia Mauleón, José Luis"Sakanerak" ''Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta'', ISSN 0046-435X, Year no. 37, no. 98, 2005, pages. 59-78. See page 60: "Bonaparte Printzearen sailkapenak indarrean iraun du duela urte gutxi arte euskal dialektologiaren baitan, Koldo Zuazo hizkuntzalariak ''Euskalkiak gaur'' (1998) lana aurkeztu zuen arte, hain zuzen ere." According to Zuazo, the Basque dialects (together with other language innovations) originated in urban areas: # Iruña # Gasteiz # Central Biscay (Durango-Zornotza-Gernika-Bermeo) # Bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Souletin
Souletin or Zuberoan ( eu, Zuberera) is the Basque dialect spoken in Soule, France. Souletin is marked by influences from Occitan (in particular the Béarnese dialect), especially in the lexicon. Another distinct characteristic is the use of verb forms, a form of address including in third person verbs the interlocutor marker embedded in the auxiliary verb: → (s/he came → s/he came to you). Name In English sources, the Basque-based term ''Zuberoan'' is sometimes encountered. In Standard Basque, the dialect is known as (the province name and the language-forming suffix ). Various local forms are , and . In French, it is known as . In Spanish, the dialect is called or . Distribution The southern dialect Roncalese was sometimes included within Zuberoan. A Basque language variety close to Zuberoan may have extended more to the east, into the Central Pyrenees, as attested by placenames and historical records about the Basque peoples ( in the Royal Frankish Annals). Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soule
Soule (Basque language, Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Sola'') is a former viscounty and France, French Provinces of France, province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département in France, département''. It is divided into two cantons of the arrondissement (district) of Oloron-Sainte-Marie (Mauleon-Licharre and Tardets-Sorholus), and a part of the canton of Saint-Palais, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Saint Palais (arrondissement of Bayonne). Its provincial capital is Mauléon, which fused with Licharre in 1841 to form "Mauléon-Licharre", but today is often known as "Mauléon-Soule". Historically, Soule is the smallest province of the Basque Country (historical territory), Basque Country (785 km2; 303 sq. mi.). Its population has been decreasing (23,803 in 1901; 16,006 in 1990; 15,535 in 1999). Etymology The territory is named ''Xiberoa'' in Souletin dialect, Souletin Basque, ''Zuberoa'' in Basq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Lucien Bonaparte
Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief political career, he focused on his academic work, which particularly centered on the Basque language and the Celtic languages. Early life In 1809, Lucien Bonaparte came under pressure from his brother Napoleon to divorce his wife, Alexandrine de Bleschamp, and return to France from his Italian estates, where he was a virtual prisoner, needing permission to leave his own land. He took ship to sail to the United States, but in 1810, on the way there, he and his wife were captured by the Royal Navy. The British government allowed Lucien and his wife to settle at Ludlow, and later at Thorngrove House, Grimley, Worcestershire, where Louis Lucien Bonaparte was born in 1813. Napoleon believed Lucien had gone to Britain as a traitor. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resurrección María De Azkue
Resurrección María de Azkue (5 August 1864 – 9 November 1951) was an influential Basque priest, musician, poet, writer, sailor and academic.Etxegoien, J. ''Orhipean, Gure Herria ezagutzen'' Xamar: 1996 He made several major contributions to the study of the Basque language and was the first head of the Euskaltzaindia, the Academy of the Basque Language. In spite of some justifiable criticism of an imbalance towards unusual and archaic forms and a tendency to ignore the Romance influence on Basque, he is considered one of the greatest scholars of Basque to date.Trask, L. ''The History of Basque'' Routledge 1997 His full name is Resurrección de Jesús María de las Nieves Azkue Aberásturi, but he is commonly known as Resurrección María de Azkue, R. M. Azkue, or simply Azkue. Biography Azkue was born in the Biscayan town of Lekeitio, was a native speaker of Basque and the son of Basque poet Eusebio María de los Dolores Azkue Barrundia who was from Lekeitio himself and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aizkora Controversy
The origin of the Basques and the Basque language is a controversial topic that has given rise to numerous hypotheses. Modern Basque, a descendant or close relative of Aquitanian and Proto-Basque, is the only Pre-Indo-European language that is extant in western Europe. The Basques have therefore long been supposed to be a remnant of a pre-Indo-European population of Europe. The main hypotheses about the origin of the Basques are: *Native origin, the mainstream theory, according to which the Basque language would have developed over the millennia entirely between the north of the Iberian Peninsula and the current south of France, without the possibility of finding any kind of relationship between the Basque language and other modern languages in other regions. *Basque-Iberism theorizes the existence of a kinship between the Basque and the Iberian language, and therefore between their speakers. *Caucasian origin theorizes that the Basque language and the languages of the Caucas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
