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Phanerochaetaceae
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales. Taxonomy Phanerochaetaceae was first conceived by Swedish mycologist John Eriksson in 1958 as the subfamily Phanerochaetoideae of the Corticiaceae. It was later published validly by Erast Parmasto in 1986, and raised to familial status by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982. The type genus is ''Phanerochaete''. In 2007, Karl-Henrik Larsson proposed using the name Phanerochaetaceae to refer to the clade of crust fungi clustered near ''Phanerochaete''. In 2013, a more extensive molecular analysis showed that the Phanerochaetaceae were a subclade of the large phlebioid clade, which also contains members of the families Meruliaceae and Irpicaceae. The generic limits of ''Phanerochaete'' were revised in 2015, and new genera were added in 2016. , Index Fungorum accepts 30 genera and 367 species in the family. Description Most Phanerochaetaceae species are crust-like. Their hyphal system is mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyporales
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some (but not all) polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics (mainly in the genus ''Lentinus''). Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as ''Ganoderma'' and ''Fomes'', contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine. Taxonomy History The order was originally proposed in 1926 by Swiss mycologist Ernst Albert Gäumann to accommodate species within the phylum Basidiomycota producing basidiocarps (fruit bodies) showing a gymnocapous mode of development (forming the spore-bearing surface ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceriporia Spissa 95656
''Ceriporia'' is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1930, with '' Ceriporia viridans'' as the type species. The generic name combines the Latin word ''cera'' ("wax") and the name ''Poria''. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that ''Ceriporia'' is not monophyletic, despite an earlier study which suggested the contrary. The presence or absence of cystidia is not considered a phylogenetic character in delimiting the species of ''Ceriporia''. Although traditionally classified in the family Phanerochaetaceae, recent molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of ''Ceriporia '' in the Irpicaceae. Species A 2008 estimate placed 22 species in the genus. , Index Fungorum accepts 49 species of ''Ceriporia''. Twenty species occur in China; eighteen species are found in the neotropics. *''Ceriporia alachuana'' (Murrill) Hallenb. (1979) – Dominican Republic *''Ceriporia alania'' G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amethicium
''Amethicium'' is a fungal genus in the family Phanerochaetaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species ''Amethicium rimosum'', a crust fungus first reported from Tanzania in 1983. ''Amethicium'' is primarily characterized by its purple fruit body and a dimitic hyphal system (two types of hyphae: generative and skeletal). The felt-like tissue layer covering the substrate (the subiculum) comprises a thin layer of densely intertwined skeletal hyphae. Taxonomy ''Amethicium rimosum'' was described scientifically by Swedish mycologist Kurt Hjortstam in 1983, based on collections made by Leif Ryvarden a decade earlier. The type locality was on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, at an elevation between . There have been a few species formerly classified in the ''Amethicium'' that have since been transferred to other genera. ''Amethicium chrysocreas'' (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sheng H. Wu 1990, and ''Amethicium leoninum'' (Burds. & Nakasone) Sheng H. Wu 1990 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candelabrochaete
''Candelabrochaete'' is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by French mycologist Jacques Boidin in 1970. He originally included two species, '' C. langloisii'', and the type, '' C. africana''. Description Similar to the genus ''Phanerochaete'', ''Candelabrochaete'' features simple septa in the subicular hyphae and at the base of the basidia, and hyaline, thin-walled, nonamyloid spores. Several features distinguish ''Candelabrochaete'' from ''Phanerochaete''. These include small, cylindrical to club-shaped (clavate) basidia, septate cystidia, a loosely interwoven subiculum (a mat of hyphae from which the fruitbody arises), and a loosely organized hymenium. This latter characteristic gives a farinaceous to woolly appearance to the fruitbodies. Species , Index Fungorum accepts 12 species in ''Candelabrochaete'': *'' Candelabrochaete adnata'' Hjortstam (1995) – Brazil *'' Candelabrochaete africana'' Boidin (197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australicium
''Australicium'' is a genus of two species of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologists Kurt Hjortstam and Leif Ryvarden in 2002 to contain the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ..., '' A. singulare'', which is found in New Zealand. The Venezuelan species '' A. cylindrosporum'' was added to the genus in 2005. References Phanerochaetaceae Polyporales genera Taxa named by Leif Ryvarden Taxa described in 2002 {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australohydnum
''Australohydnum'' is a genus of resupinate fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1978 by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich with the Australian fungus '' Australohydnum griseofuscescens'' (formerly ''Hydnum griseo-fuscescens'' Reichardt) as the type species. '' A. dregeanum'' and '' A. castaneum'' were added to the genus in 1990 and 2006, respectively. ''Australohydnum griseofuscescens'' is now considered to be synonymous A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ... with '' Irpex vellereus''. References External links * Polyporales genera Phanerochaetaceae Taxa named by Walter Jülich Fungi described in 1978 {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byssomerulius
''Byssomerulius'' is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi. Taxonomy ''Byssomerulius'' was circumscribed by Estonian mycologist Erast Parmasto in 1967. Although traditionally classified in the family Phanerochaetaceae, recent molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ... analysis supports the placement of ''Byssomerulius '' in the Irpicaceae. Species *'' Byssomerulius albostramineus'' (Torrend) Hjortstam (1987) – United States *'' Byssomerulius armeniacus'' Parmasto (1967) *'' Byssomerulius auratus'' (Bourdot & Galzin) Tura, Zmitr., Wasser & Spirin (2011) *'' Byssomerulius corium'' (Pers.) Parmasto (1967) – widespread *'' Byssomerulius flavidoalbus'' (Corner) Hjortstam (1995) *'' Byssomerulius hirtellus'' (Burt) Parmasto (1967) – Europe *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irpicaceae
The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed in 2003 by mycologists Viacheslav Spirin and Ivan Zmitrovich. The type genus is '' Irpex''. Later multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the Polyporales supported the use of this family. In these analyses, Irpicaceae is a sister taxon to the Meruliaceae; these two families, as well as the Phanerochaetaceae, form the phlebioid clade. Description Irpicaceae has both polypore and crust fungi. They have a monomitic hyphal system, containing only generative hyphae that do not have clamp connections. Their spores are thin-walled, smooth, and translucent. Cystidia are often absent from the hymenium. More rarely, some species are dimitic and/or with cystidia and/or clamp-connections present; for example, ''Emmia'' and ''Irpex'' have cystidia, and there are clamp connections in ''Gloeoporus''. Irpicaceae fungi produce a white-rot, except for one brown-rot genus (' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phanerochaete
''Phanerochaete'' is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1889. Marinus Anton Donk redefined the limits of the genus in two publications in 1957 and 1962. ''Phanerochaete'' has traditionally been delimited based on the overall morphology of the fruit body, as well as microscopic characteristics including the nature of the hyphal structure, cystidia, and spores. Molecular analyses demonstrate that the genus is polyphyletic, containing members placed throughout the phlebioid clade of the Polyporales. The genus name is derived from the Greek words φανεφός ("distinct") and χαίτη ("hair"). Description ''Phanerochaete'' species have membranaceous, crust-like fruit bodies. The hyphal system is monomitic, with simple-septate generative hyphae; single or multiple clamps may be present in the subiculum. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped and smooth. Spores of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clamp Connection
A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of Basidiomycetes fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), receives a set of differing nuclei, which are obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. It is used to maintain genetic variation within the hypha much like the mechanisms found in crozier (hook) during sexual reproduction. Formation Clamp connections are formed by the terminal hypha during elongation. Before the clamp connection is formed this terminal segment contains two nuclei. Once the terminal segment is long enough it begins to form the clamp connection. At the same time, each nucleus undergoes mitotic division to produce two daughter nuclei. As the clamp continues to develop it uptakes one of the daughter (green circle) nuclei and separates it from its sister nucleus. While this is occurring the remaining nuclei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood-decay Fungus
A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as ''Armillaria'' (honey fungus), are parasitic and colonize living trees. Excessive moisture above the fibre saturation point in wood is required for fungal colonization and proliferation. In nature, this process causes the breakdown of complex molecules and leads to the return of nutrients to the soil. Wood-decay fungi consume wood in various ways; for example, some attack the carbohydrates in wood and some others decay lignin. The rate of decay of wooden materials in various climates can be estimated by empirical models.Viitanen, T. et al. (2010). Towards modelling of decay risk of wooden materials. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 68:303-313. Wood-decay fungi can be classified according to the type of decay that they cause. The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and whit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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