The Phanerochaetaceae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of mostly

crust fungi The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or p ...

in the order

Polyporales The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some (but not all) polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics (mainly in the genus ''Lentinus''). Many species withi ...

Taxonomy

Phanerochaetaceae was first conceived by Swedish

mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungus, fungi, including their genetics, genetic and biochemistry, biochemical properties, their Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and ethnomycology, their use to humans, including as a so ...

John Eriksson in 1958 as the subfamily Phanerochaetoideae of the

Corticiaceae The Corticiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family formerly included almost all the corticioid (patch- or crust-forming) fungi, whether they were related or not, and as such was highly artificial. In its current sense, ...

. It was later published validly by

Erast Parmasto Erast Parmasto (28 October 1928 – 24 April 2012) was a noted Estonian mycologist, bioscientist and botanist and onetime director of the Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany. Parmasto was born in Nõmme. He became a member of the Estonian I ...

in 1986, and raised to familial status by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982. The type genus is ''

Phanerochaete ''Phanerochaete'' is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1889. Marinus Anton Donk redefined the limits of the genus in two publications in 1957 and ...

''. In 2007, Karl-Henrik Larsson proposed using the name Phanerochaetaceae to refer to the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

of crust fungi clustered near ''Phanerochaete''. In 2013, a more extensive molecular analysis showed that the Phanerochaetaceae were a subclade of the large phlebioid clade, which also contains members of the families Meruliaceae and Irpicaceae. The generic limits of ''Phanerochaete'' were revised in 2015, and new genera were added in 2016. ,

Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ...

accepts 30 genera and 367 species in the family.

Description

Most Phanerochaetaceae species are crust-like. Their

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or ...

l system is monomitic (containing only generative hyphae), and these hyphae lack

clamp connection A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of Basidiomycetes fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), rec ...

s. Their

spores In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...

are thin-walled, smooth, and

hyaline A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is ...

(translucent).

Cystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ...

are often present in the

hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some ...

. Although rare, some species have a polyporoid form, a dimitic hyphal system, and clamp connections. Phanerochaetaceae fungi produce a

white rot A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as ''Armillaria'' (honey fungus), are parasitic and col ...

Genera

*'' Amethicium'' Hjortstam (1983); 1 species *'' Australicium'' Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2002); 2 species *'' Australohydnum'' Jülich (1978); 2 species *'' Byssomerulius'' Parmasto (1967); 12 species *'' Candelabrochaete'' Boidin (1970); 12 species *'' Ceriporia'' Donk (1933); 49 species *'' Ceriporiopsis'' Domański (1963); 34 species *''

Climacodon ''Climacodon'' is a widespread genus of tooth fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881 with ''Climacodon septentrionalis'' as the type species. This fungus was orig ...

'' P.Karst. (1881); 7 species *'' Geliporus'' Yuan Yuan, Jia J.Chen & S.H.He (2017) *'' Hjortstamia'' Boidin & Gilles (2003); 13 species *'' Hyphodermella'' J.Erikss. & Ryvarden (1976); 6 species *'' Inflatostereum'' D.A.Reid (1965); 2 species *'' Meruliopsis'' Bondartsev (1959); 2 species *'' Meruliporia'' Murrill (1942) *'' Oxychaete'' Miettinen (2016); 1 species *'' Phanerina'' Miettinen (2016); 1 species *''

'' P.Karst. (1889); 92 species *'' Phanerodontia'' Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2010); 4 species *'' Phaneroites'' Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2010); 1 species *'' Phlebiopsis'' Jülich (1978); 12 species *'' Porostereum'' Pilát (1937); 4 species *'' Pouzaroporia'' Vampola (1992); 1 species *'' Pseudolagarobasidium'' J.C.Jang & T.Chen (1985); 9 species *'' Rhizochaete'' Gresl., Nakasone & Rajchenb. (2004); 6 species *''

Riopa ''Riopa'' is a genus of skinks. It is easy to tell the species apart from most other skinks by bright red coloring on their sides from which they get their name. They also have a bule that runs down the side of their tail. Diet The riopas are o ...

'' D.A.Reid (1969); 2 species *'' Roseograndinia'' Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2005); 1 species *''

Terana ''Terana'' is a fungal genus in the family Phanerochaetaceae. It is a monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include ...

'' Adans. (1763); 1 species

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2543219

Phanerochaetaceae The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales. Taxonomy Phanerochaetaceae was first conceived by Swedish mycologist John Eriksson in 1958 as the subfamily Phanerochaetoideae of the Corticiaceae. It was late ...

Fungi described in 1982 Taxa named by Walter Jülich