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Phoma Battarreae
''Phoma'' is a genus of common coelomycetous soil fungi. It contains many plant pathogenic species. Description Spores are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia are black and depressed in the tissues of the host. ''Phoma'' is arbitrarily limited to those species in which the spores are less than 15 µm as the larger spored forms have been placed in the genus ''Macrophoma''. The most important species include ''Phoma beta'' which is the cause of the heart rot and blight of beets, ''Phoma batata'' that produces a dry rot of sweet potato, and ''Phoma solani''. Taxonomy About 140 ''Phoma'' taxa have been defined and recognized which may be divided into two large groups: (i) plurivorous fungi, generally saprobic or weakly parasitic, mainly from temperate regions in Eurasia, but occasionally also found in other parts of the world (including areas with cool or warm climates); and (ii) specific pathogens of cultivated plants. However other estimates place the number of ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoma Batata
''Phoma'' is a genus of common coelomycetous soil fungi. It contains many plant pathogenic species. Description Spores are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia are black and depressed in the tissues of the host. ''Phoma'' is arbitrarily limited to those species in which the spores are less than 15 µm as the larger spored forms have been placed in the genus ''Macrophoma''. The most important species include ''Phoma beta'' which is the cause of the heart rot and blight of beets, ''Phoma batata'' that produces a dry rot of sweet potato, and ''Phoma solani''. Taxonomy About 140 ''Phoma'' taxa have been defined and recognized which may be divided into two large groups: (i) plurivorous fungi, generally saprobic or weakly parasitic, mainly from temperate regions in Eurasia, but occasionally also found in other parts of the world (including areas with cool or warm climates); and (ii) specific pathogens of cultivated plants. However other estimates place the number of taxa c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoma Costaricensis
''Phoma costaricensis'' is a plant pathogen infecting coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. S .... It is a soil fungus that infects the leaves and fruits of the coffee plant prior to the fruit ripening. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Coffee diseases Phoma Fungi described in 1957 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoma Clematidina
''Calophoma clematidina'' is a fungal plant pathogen and the most common cause of the disease clematis wilt affecting large-flowered varieties of ''Clematis''. Symptoms of infection include leaf spotting, wilting of leaves, stems or the whole plant and internal blackening of the stem, often at soil level.van de Graaf P. (1999). ''Biology and Control of Phoma clematidina, causal Agent of Clematis Wilt''. PhD thesis, University of Derby, Derby, UK. Infected plants growing in containers may also develop root rot. 3, 3·7·67. Taxonomy The asexual stage (anamorph) of the fungus was first described by the German botanist and mycologist Felix von Thümen in 1880 as ''Ascochyta clematidina''. Based on new scientific insights into the differences in spore formation between species, it was reclassified as ''Phoma clematidina'' by the Dutch mycologist Gerhard Boerema in 1978. Boerema G.H. and Dorenbosch M.M.J. (1979). "Mycologisch taxonomisch onderzoek". ''Verslagen en Mededelingen Plantenz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoma Caricae-papayae
''Phoma caricae-papayae'' is a fungal A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ... plant pathogen infecting papayas. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Phoma Fungal tree pathogens and diseases Papaya tree diseases Fungi described in 1955 {{fungus-tree-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candelariella Aurella
''Candelariella aurella'', the hidden goldspeck lichen or eggyolk lichen, is a yellow crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It is commonly found on calcareous rock or wood or bark exposed to sunlight and which may have calcareous dust in areas with lime soils. The thallus is areolate with scattered small (0.1–0.3 mm), rounded to elongated yellow areolas. It has a global distribution and occurs on limestone and calcareous sandstone in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, California, and Baja California. It occurs in Joshua Tree National Monument. ''Phoma candelariellae'' is a species of lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus that has been documented parasitism, parasitisising the apothecia of ''Candelariella aurella'' individuals in Europe. Infection by the fungus results in reduced ascospore production, and eventual destruction of the hymenium of the affected apothecia. References Candelariella, aurella Lichen species Lichens described in 179 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 class (biology), classes and 19 order (biology), orders. Although basidiomycetes have less than 5% of lichenicolous lichen species, they represent 4 classes and 8 orders. Many lichenicolous species have yet to be assigned a phylogenetic position as of 2003. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoma Candelariellae
''Phoma candelariellae'' is a species of lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Didymellaceae. It is found in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey and in Ukraine, where it grows parasitism, parasitically on the apothecia (fruiting structures) of the saxicolous lichen, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen ''Candelariella aurella''. Taxonomy The fungus was species description, formally described as a new species in 2016 by Zekiye Kocakaya and Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı. The type (biology), type specimen was collected northwest of Sivrihisar (Eskişehir) at an altitude of , where it was found growing on the apothecia of the saxicolous lichen ''Candelariella aurella'', which itself was growing on calcareous rocks. ''Phoma candelariellae'' is the only member of ''Phoma'' that grows on lichen genus ''Candelariella''. David Leslie Hawksworth, David Hawksworth and colleagues later expressed doubt about the placement of the taxon in genus ''Phoma'', suggestin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peyronellaea
''Peyronellaea'' is a genus of fungi in the family Didymellaceae. It contains a number of plant pathogens. The genus name of ''Peyronellaea'' is in honour of Beniamino Peyronel (1890-1975), who was an Italian botanist (Mycology and Lichenology) from the University of Turin. The genus was circumscribed by Gabriele Goidànich in Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rendiconti Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. ser.8, vol.1 on page 450 in 1946. Taxonomy Following a phylogenetic analysis of the asexual genus ''Phoma'', section ''Peyronellaea'' was raised to the rank of genus. It contains many of the chlamydospore forming species of that genus, from both section ''Peyronellaea'' and other sections. Species include: * ''Peyronellaea alectorolophi'' * ''Peyronellaea americana'' * ''Peyronellaea arachidicola'' * ''Peyronellaea aurea'' * ''Peyronellaea australis'' * '' Peyronellaea calorpreferens'' * ''Peyronellaea coffeae-arabicae'' * ''Peyronellaea curtisii ''Peyronellaea curtisii'' (leaf sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didymella
''Didymella'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymellaceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species Species include: *''Didymella abieticola'' *''Didymella acaciae'' *''Didymella acanthophila'' *''Didymella proximella ''Didymella proximella'' is a species of fungi belonging to the family Didymellaceae The Didymellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. The have a world-wide distribution. Recent phylogenetic examination of some of the larger ...'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10472034 Pleosporales Dothideomycetes genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by ' (of uncertain family), ' (of uncertain suborder), ' (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples *The fossil plant '' Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Bocage's longbill, ''Motacilla bocagii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout the year and more distinct seasonal changes compared to tropical climates, where such variations are often small and usually only have precipitation changes. In temperate climates, not only do latitudinal positions influence temperature changes, but sea currents, prevailing wind direction, continentality (how large a landmass is) and altitude also shape temperate climates. The Köppen climate classification defines a climate as "temperate" C, when the mean temperature is above but below in the coldest month to account for the persistency of frost. However, other climate classifications set the minimum at . Zones and climates The north temperate zone extends from the Tropic of Cancer (approximately 23.5° north latitude) to the Arctic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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