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Panicoideae
Panicoideae is the second-largest subfamily of the grasses with over 3,500 species, mainly distributed in warm temperate and tropical regions. It comprises some important agricultural crops, including sugarcane, maize (or corn), sorghum, and switchgrass. C4 photosynthesis evolved independently a number of times in the subfamily, which presumably had a C3 ancestor. Description The ligule has a fringe of hairs. The inflorescence is branched around a common axis. The spikelets are all alike with two bisexual florets that are joined below the glumes (the outer floral envelopes). The lower glume is shorter than the spikelet. Systematics and taxonomy Within the PACMAD clade of grasses, the Panicoideae are sister to a clade made of the four subfamilies Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, and Micrairoideae. A modern phylogenetic classification divides the Panicoideae in twelve tribes corresponding to monophyletic clades; two genera, '' Chandrasekharania'' and ''Jansenella ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poaceae
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals. They provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%. Some members of the Poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centotheceae
Centotheceae is a small tribe of grasses with six species in two genera, distributed in Africa and Asia. It belongs to a basal lineage Lineage may refer to: Science * Lineage (anthropology), a group that can demonstrate its common descent from an apical ancestor or a direct line of descent from an ancestor * Lineage (evolution), a temporal sequence of individuals, populat ... in subfamily Panicoideae, sometimes referred to as "centothecoid clade". Unlike many other clades in the subfamily Panicoideae, they use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. References Panicoideae Poaceae tribes {{Panicoideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paspaleae
Paspaleae is a tribe of the Panicoideae subfamily in the grasses (Poaceae), native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Americas but with a number of species introduced to other regions. It includes roughly 680 species in 39 genera. Species in this tribe use either of the C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways. The genera of Paspaleae used to be included in the Paniceae but were assigned to a new tribe following molecular phylogenetic analyses in 2012. The Paspaleae have an ancestral number of chromosomes ( monoploid number) of ''x'' = 10, unlike the Paniceae ''sensu stricto'' with ''x'' = 9, and are more closely related to the tribes Andropogoneae and Arundinelleae. The tribe is subdivided into three subtribes, with one genus, '' Reynaudia'', unplaced (''incertae sedis'') and probably basal to the other genera. The genus ''Lecomtella ''Lecomtella'' is a genus of grasses with the sole species ''Lecomtella madagascariensis'', native to Madagascar. It is the only genus in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paniceae
Paniceae is a large tribe of the subfamily Panicoideae in the grasses (Poaceae), the only in the monotypic supertribe Panicodae. It includes roughly 1,500 species in 84 genera, primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Paniceae includes species using either of the C4 and C3 photosynthetic pathways, as well as presumably intermediate species. Most of the millets are members of tribe Paniceae. The tribe is subdivided into seven subtribes, but some genera are as yet unplaced (''incertae sedis''). Species in the Paniceae have an ancestral chromosome number ( monoploid number) of ''x'' = 9, while species with ''x'' = 10 formerly included are now recognised as separate tribe, Paspaleae. Subtribes and genera Subdivisions: Gallery Starr_010520-0041_Cenchrus_echinatus.jpg, '' Cenchrus echinatus'' Crabgrass.JPG, ''Digitaria sanguinalis'' Echinochloa crus-galli 2006.08.27 14.59.37-p8270051.jpg, ''Echinochloa crus-galli'' Eriochloa procera plant.jpg, '' Eriochl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyperochloeae
Cyperochloeae is a small tribe of grasses in the Panicoideae subfamily, found in Australia. It belongs to a basal lineage within the subfamily and has only two species in two monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ... genera, '' Cyperochloa'' and '' Spartochloa''. They use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. References External links * * Panicoideae Poaceae tribes {{Panicoideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steyermarkochloeae
Steyermarkochloeae is a tribe of the Panicoideae subfamily in the grasses ( Poaceae), native to tropical South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout .... There are only two species in two genera, '' Arundoclaytonia'' and '' Steyermarkochloa''. The tribe probably belongs to a basal lineage within the subfamily. Species in this tribe use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. References External links * * Panicoideae Poaceae tribes {{Panicoideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeugiteae
Zeugiteae is a tribe of the subfamily Panicoideae in the grasses (Poaceae), native to Africa, Asia, Australasia, South and Central America. There are 18 species in four genera. The tribe belongs to a basal lineage within the subfamily. Species in this tribe use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. Genera *'' Chevalierella'' *'' Lophatherum'' *'' Orthoclada'' *''Zeugites'' (syn. ''Calderonella'', ''Pohlidium ''Pohlidium'' is a genus of Panamanian plants in the grass family. The only known species is ''Pohlidium petiolatum'', native to Coclé Province Coclé () is a province of central Panama on the nation's southern coast. The administrative capit ...'') References External links * * Panicoideae Poaceae tribes {{Panicoideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chasmanthieae
Chasmanthieae is a small tribe of grasses in the subfamily Panicoideae Panicoideae is the second-largest subfamily of the grasses with over 3,500 species, mainly distributed in warm temperate and tropical regions. It comprises some important agricultural crops, including sugarcane, maize (or corn), sorghum, and swi .... It belongs to a basal lineage within the subfamily and has only seven species in two genera, '' Bromuniola'' with one species in Africa and '' Chasmanthium'' from North America. They all use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. References External links * * Panicoideae Poaceae tribes {{Panicoideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andropogoneae
The Andropogoneae, sometimes called the sorghum tribe, are a large tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum. All species in this tribe use C4 carbon fixation, which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions. Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae together with its sister group Arundinelleae. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (''incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...''). Hybridisation (biology), Hybridisation was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systemat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PACMAD Clade
The PACMAD clade (previously PACCMAD, PACCAD, or PACC) is one of two major lineages (or clades) of the true grasses (Poaceae), regrouping six subfamilies and about 5700 species, more than half of all true grasses. Its sister group is the BOP clade. The PACMAD lineage is the only group within the grasses in which the C4 photosynthesis pathway has evolved; studies have shown that this happened independently multiple times. The name of the clade comes from the first initials of the included subfamilies Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae, and Danthonioideae. It has no defined taxonomic rank but is used frequently because it refers to a well-defined monophyletic group A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ... with a distinct ecology. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tristachyideae
Tristachyideae is a tribe of the Panicoideae subfamily in the grasses (Poaceae), native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. There are around 70 species in eight genera. The tribe belongs to a basal lineage within the subfamily, and its genera were previously placed in tribes Arundinelleae or Paniceae, subfamily Arundinoideae, or the now-obsolete subfamily Centothecoideae. Species in this tribe use the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Genera *''Danthoniopsis'' *''Dilophotriche'' *'' Gilgiochloa'' *''Loudetia'' *''Loudetiopsis'' *'' Trichopteryx'' *''Tristachya ''Tristachya'' (common name trident grasses) is a genus of African and Latin American plants in tribe Tristachyideae within the Poaceae, grass family. ; Species ; formerly included see ''Danthoniopsis Dilophotriche Loudetia Loudetiopsis Trichop ...'' *'' Zonotriche'' References External links * * Panicoideae Poaceae tribes {{Panicoideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thysanolaeneae
''Thysanolaena'' is a genus of plants in the grass family, the only genus in the tribe Thysanolaeneae. Its only recognized species is ''Thysanolaena latifolia'' (formerly ''Thysanolaena maxima''), native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is also naturalized in Mauritius, Seychelles, Gambia, Tanzania, Hawaii, California, the West Indies and Brazil. Tiger grass, Nepalese broom grass, broom grass, broom stick are common names for this plant, in Nepali ''amliso'' and ''jharu'' in Assamese . The flowers of this plant are used as cleaning tool or broom, which is known as'' '' in Nepali and ''jhadu (phool jhadu)'' in Hindi. Habitat It is found growing along steep hills, sandy banks of rivers and damp steep banks along ravines. It is widely distributed throughout Nepal but only up to an altitude of 2000 metres. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
