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Panduranga (Champa)
Panduranga or Prangdarang was a Cham Principality and later, the rump state successor of the Champa kingdom, which was destroyed by Vietnamese emperor Le Thanh Tong in 1471. It was located in present-day Southcentral Vietnam. It stood until late 17th century as the Nguyen lords of Cochinchina, a powerful Vietnamese clan, vassalized it and put the Cham polity under the name Principality of Thuận Thành. History Preface Previously, Pänduranga (known to medieval Chinese sources as ''Bīn Tónglóng'' or ''Bēntuólàng'' 奔陀浪洲) was an autonomous princedom inside Champa. From the 13th century onward, it had been ruled by local dynasties that relatively independent from the court of the king of kings at Vijaya, central Champa. Panduranga had its own revolt against the court of king Jaya Paramesvaravarman I (r. 1044–1060) in 1050. In contrast with scholars who view Champa as the kingdom exclusively of the Cham, recent scholars such as Po Dharma and Richard O’Connor, reb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy), to fully autocratic (absolute monarchy), and can expand across the domains of the executive, legislative, and judicial. The succession of monarchs in many cases has been hereditical, often building dynastic periods. However, elective and self-proclaimed monarchies have also happened. Aristocrats, though not inherent to monarchies, often serve as the pool of persons to draw the monarch from and fill the constituting institutions (e.g. diet and court), giving many monarchies oligarchic elements. Monarchs can carry various titles such as emperor, empress, king, queen, raja, khan, tsar, sultan, shah, or pharaoh. Monarchies can form federations, personal unions and realms with vassals through personal association with the monarch, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jayavarman Mafoungnan , ruled c. 1255-1274
{{disambiguation ...
Jayavarman may refer to: * King Kaundinya Jayavarman of Funan, d. 514 * Any of the following eight kings of Cambodia: ** Jayavarman I, ruled c. 657–681 ** Jayavarman II, ruled c. 770–835 ** Jayavarman III, ruled c. 835–877 ** Jayavarman IV, ruled c. 928–941 ** Jayavarman V, ruled c. 968–1001 ** Jayavarman VI, ruled c. 1090–1107 ** Jayavarman VII, ruled 1181–1219 ** Jayavarman VIII, ruled 1243–1295 * Kings of central India: ** Jayavarman (Chandela dynasty), ruled c. 1110-1120 ** Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty), ruled c. 1142-43 ** Jayavarman II (Paramara dynasty) Jayavarman II ( km, ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី២; c. 770 – 850) (reigned c. 802–850) was a Khmer prince who founded and became the ruler of the Khmer Empire (Cambodia) after unifying the Khmer civilization. The Khmer Empire was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khmer–Cham Wars
Khmer–Cham wars were a series of conflicts and contests between states of the Khmer Empire and Champa, later involving Đại Việt, that lasted from the mid-10th century to the early 13th century in mainland Southeast Asia. The first conflict began in 950 AD when Khmer troops sacked the Cham principality of Nha Trang, Kauthara. Tensions between the Khmer Empire and Champa reached a climax in the middle of the 12th century when both deployed field armies and waged devastating wars against each other. The conflicts ended after the Khmer army voluntarily retreated from occupying Champa in 1220. Khmer invasion of Kauthara (950) Around 950, Angkorian army under Rajendravarman II crossed the forest, pillaged the temple of Po Nagar in Kauthara and carried off the golden statue of Bhagavati in the temple, Champa's holiest deity. The invasion however ended in a "bloody defeat". In 965, the Cham King Jaya Indravaman I restored the temple and rebuilt the statue of the goddess to repla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudravarman III
Rudravarman III (Chinese: 施里律律茶盤麻帝楊溥; pinyin: ''Shīlǐ Lülǜchápánmádì Yáng Pǔ'') was a medieval king of Champa, ruled the kingdom from 1062 to 1069/1074. Rudravarman III was a grandson of king Jaya Paramesvaravarman I (r. 1044–1060). His predecessor and also the older brother was Bhadravarman III (r. 1060–1061), who ruled for a very brief time before stepping down and transferring the crown to Rudravarman, who was in Phan Rang. He built many temples around Po Nagar (Nha Trang). Rudravarman was reportedly sending delegations to the Song Empire in 1062 and 1068, and to Dai Viet in 1063, 1065, 1068. Georges Maspero believes that in late 1068 Rudravarman provoked war with the Dai Viet king Ly Thanh Tong, which led to a Vietnamese raid on Vijaya Champa next year. In recently, historian Michael Vickery presents evidence that the incursion of Dai Viet in 1069 was not staged against Rudravarman and the city of Vijaya (Xinzhou 新州 in the ''Zhu Fan Zhi'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Highlands (Vietnam)
Central Highlands ( vi, Cao nguyên Trung phần), Western Highlands ( vi, Tây Nguyên) or Midland Highlands ( vi, Cao nguyên Trung bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It contains the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Lâm Đồng. Provinces History The native inhabitants of the Central Highlands (Montagnards, Mountain peoples) are various peoples that mainly belonged to the two major Austronesian (Highland Chamic) and Austroasiatic ( Bahnaric) ethnolinguistic families. According to Peng et al. (2010) & Liu et al. (2020), Austronesian Chamic groups were well known of being seafarers with the original homeland of Taiwan, might have migrated to present-day Central Vietnam by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia around ~ 2,500 kya, while were making contact/or possibly absorbed the previously earlier Austroasiatic inhabitants (research shows shared high frequencies of AA-associated ancestry among Vietnam's Austronesian Chamic highlanders than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Po Dharma
Po Dharma (9 October 1948–22 February 2019) was an activist of Vietnam. He was also a Cham cultural historian. Po Dharma was a Cham, his birth name is Quảng Văn Đủ. He was born in Chất Thường Village (Cham: Palei Baoh Dana), Ninh Phước District, Ninh Thuận Province. He was one of FULRO leaders during Vietnam War. In December 1970, he was seriously injured on the battlefield of Kampong Cham against the North Vietnamese communist forces. Later, he quit his military career after seeking the permission of Les Kosem, and went to France. He obtained bachelor's degree in 1978, master degree in 1980, and PhD in 1986. His research was mainly about Champa history and Cham cultures. Po Dharma and his family were not allowed to return to Vietnam. Po Dharma died in Toulouse Toulouse ( , ; oc, Tolosa ) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Medite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
Jaya Paramesvaravarman I (Chinese: 俱舍唎波微收羅婆麻提楊卜; pinyin: ''Jù shě(ī)lì Bōwēishōuluópómátí Yáng Bǔ''), personal name Īśvaramūrti, was a king of Champa, reigning from 1044 to 1060. He founded a dynasty that centralized around Nha Trang and Phan Rang, which would dominantly rule mandala Champa until 1074. After a shocking Vietnamese raid in northern Champa that quaked the kingdom and the ruling Jaya Simhavarman II supposedly died, a military commander born from a noble family of warrior traditions who had been vassals of precedent rulers, ascended the crown himself as Jaya Parameśvaravarman in 1044. This dynasty claimed to be descended from the mythical Uroja, also called Po Yan Ina Nagar. In the south, people of the Principality of Panduranga ( Ninh Thuận & Bình Thuận) revolted against Paramesvaravarman, because the Principality had selected a prince from Phan Rang to be the king of kings, and refused to recognize Paramesvaravarman's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vijaya (Champa)
Vijaya (meaning ''Victorious''; Chinese: 尸唎皮奈, pinyin: ''Shīlì Pínài''; Vietnamese: ''Thị Lợi Bi Nai''; Chinese alt: 新州, pinyin: Xīnzhōu, lit. 'New Province'; Vietnamese alts: ''Đồ Bàn'' or ''Chà Bàn''), also known as Vijayapura, is an ancient city in Bình Định province, Vietnam. From the 12th century, it served as the capital of the Kingdom of Champa until it was conquered by Dai Viet during the Champa–Dai Viet War of 1471. Geography, economy, transport Vijaya was centred on the lowland area along lower Côn River, in what is now the south of Bình Định Province. To the east of the plain and near the estuary of the river is a strategic and well-protected location for a port. This led to the rise of Cảng Thị Nại, one of the major ports of Champa. The river leading up into the highlands to the west was important for the trade with highland peoples supplying Champa with luxury goods such as eaglewood for export. Vijaya's geography was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Champa
Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD until 1832, when it was annexed by the Vietnamese Empire under its emperor Minh Mạng. The kingdom was known variously as ''Nagaracampa'' ( sa, नगरचम्पः), ''Champa'' (ꨌꩌꨛꨩ) in modern Cham, and ''Châmpa'' () in the Khmer inscriptions, ''Chiêm Thành'' in Vietnamese and ''Zhànchéng'' (Mandarin: 占城) in Chinese records. The Kingdoms of Champa and the Chams contribute profound and direct impacts to the history of Vietnam, Southeast Asia, as well as their present day. Early Champa, evolved from local seafaring Austronesian Chamic Sa Huỳnh culture off the coast of modern-day Vietnam. The emergence of Champa at the late 2nd century AD shows testimony of early Southeast Asian statecrafting and crucial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rump State
A rump state is the remnant of a once much larger state, left with a reduced territory in the wake of secession, annexation, occupation, decolonization, or a successful coup d'état or revolution on part of its former territory. In the last case, a government stops short of going into exile because it controls part of its former territory. Examples Ancient history *During the Second Intermediate Period, following the conquest of Lower Egypt by the Hyksos, there was a rump Egyptian kingdom in Upper Egypt centered on Thebes, which eventually reunified the country at the start of the New Kingdom. * Seleucid Empire after losing most of its territory to the Parthian Empire. * The State of Shu Han during the Chinese Three Kingdoms Period, claimed to be a continuation of the original Han Dynasty. * After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in Gaul, the Kingdom of Soissons survived as a rump state under Aegidius and Syagrius until conquered by the Franks under Clovis I in 486. *Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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