Rudravarman III (

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...

: 施里律律茶盤麻帝楊溥;

pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ...

: ''Shīlǐ Lülǜchápánmádì Yáng Pǔ'') was a medieval king of

Champa Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd cen ...

, ruled the kingdom from 1062 to 1069/1074. Rudravarman III was a grandson of king

Jaya Paramesvaravarman I Jaya Paramesvaravarman I ( Chinese: 俱舍唎波微收羅婆麻提楊卜; pinyin: ''Jù shě(ī)lì Bōwēishōuluópómátí Yáng Bǔ''), personal name Īśvaramūrti, was a king of Champa, reigning from 1044 to 1060. He founded a dynasty that ce ...

(r. 1044–1060). His predecessor and also the older brother was

Bhadravarman III Bhadravarman or Phạm Hồ Đạt (, Middle Chinese: ''buam’-ɣɔ-dɑt,'' Sanskrit ''Bhadravarman'', literally "Blessed armour" but also meaning the ''Jasminum sambac'' flower), was the king of Champa from 380 to 413. In 380, Bhadravarman ...

(r. 1060–1061), who ruled for a very brief time before stepping down and transferring the crown to Rudravarman, who was in

Phan Rang Phan may refer to: * Phan (surname), a Vietnamese family name * Phan District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand * Phan River, Bình Thuận Province, Vietnam * Phan (tray) Phan ( th, พาน, ) is an artistically decorated tray with pedestal. It ...

. He built many temples around

Po Nagar Po Nagar is a Cham temple tower founded sometime before 781 and located in the medieval principality of Kauthara, near modern Nha Trang in Vietnam. It is dedicated to Yan Po Nagar, the goddess of the country, who came to be identified with the ...

(

Nha Trang Nha Trang ( or ; ) is a coastal city and capital of Khánh Hòa Province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is bounded on the north by Ninh Hoà town, on the south by Cam Ranh city and on the west by Diên Khánh District. The city ha ...

). Rudravarman was reportedly sending delegations to the

Song Empire The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...

in 1062 and 1068, and to

Dai Viet Dai may refer to: Names * Dai (given name), a Welsh or Japanese masculine given name * Dai (surname) (戴), a Chinese surname Places and regimes * Dai Commandery, a commandery of the state of Zhao and in early imperial China * Dai County, in X ...

in 1063, 1065, 1068. Georges Maspero believes that in late 1068 Rudravarman provoked war with the Dai Viet king

Ly Thanh Tong LY or ly may refer to: Government and politics * Libya (ISO 3166-1 country code LY) * Lý dynasty, a Vietnamese dynasty * Labour Youth of Ireland * Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Science and te ...

, which led to a Vietnamese raid on Vijaya Champa next year. In recently, historian Michael Vickery presents evidence that the incursion of Dai Viet in 1069 was not staged against Rudravarman and the city of Vijaya (Xinzhou 新州 in the ''

Zhu Fan Zhi ''Zhu Fan Zhi'' (), variously translated as '' A Description of Barbarian Nations'', ''Records of Foreign People'', or other similar titles, is a 13th-century Song Dynasty work by Zhao Rukuo. The work is a collection of descriptions of countri ...

''), but possibly against a local Cham chief (known by the Vietnamese as "Chế Củ") in Amaravati (Jiuzhou 舊州). Excerpt from the ''

Song Huiyao Jigao ''Song Huiyao Jigao'' ("Song Government Manuscript Compendium") is a Qing dynasty collection of Song dynasty writings on Song government, edited by Xu Song and others who extracted the manuscripts in part from the Ming dynasty ''Yongle Encycloped ...

'' describes the 1060s: "Champa and Cambodia (Zhenla), who are neighbors of Jiaozhi, have never been practiced in warfare. They frequently suffer from invasions and occupation. However, in recent times, Champa has been developing its military defenses in order to guard against Jiaozhi." Albeit the 15th-century Vietnamese chronicle ''

Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Vietnamese state, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under ...

'' also claims that after the successful raid against Champa in 1069, Rudravarman III switched to be a vassal of Dai Viet, and paid annual tributes to the Dai Viet court from 1071 to 1074, but till this day that passage arguably remains in question, because no piece of evidence has been found to back it. It was however plausible that after 1069, Champa suffered a violent civil war between the elites in

and

that crippled the mandalas, making it vulnerable for foreign invasion. By 1074,

Harivarman IV Harivarman IV or Prince Thäng (?–1081), Sanskrit name Vishnumürti, was the ruling king of Champa from 1074 to 1080. His father was a noble belonging to the Coconut clan (northern tribes), and his mother was a member of the Areca clan (southe ...

, a Cham prince of both Coconut and Areca clans bloodline, with his brother, prince Pang, had defeated all antagonist factions, and reunified Champa.

References

Bibliography

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rudravarman III Kings of Champa 11th-century Vietnamese monarchs 1074 deaths