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PANC-1
PANC-1 is a human pancreatic cancer cell line isolated from a pancreatic carcinoma of ductal cell origin. PANC-1 was derived from the tissue of a 56-year-old male. The cells can metastasize but have poor differentiation abilities. PANC-1 cells take 52 hours to double in population, have a modal chromosome number of 63, and show G6PD of the slow mobility type. PANC-1 cells are known to have an epithelial morphology and are adherent in cell culture flasks. The cells can be frozen and regrown in culture, provided that they are appropriately warmed. Additionally, PANC-1 cells have a tendency to clump, a feature which can be avoided with trypsinization. PANC-1 cells have been used to study the role of keratin reorganization during the migration of cancer cells, along with calcium-mediated actin reset in response to physiological changes. See also *DU145 *BxPC-3 BxPC-3 (BxPC3) is a human pancreatic cancer cell line used in the study of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and treatments th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIA PaCa-2
MIA PaCa-2 is a human pancreatic cancer cell line used extensively in pancreatic cancer research and therapy development. In 1977, MIA PaCa-2 cells were derived from the carcinoma of a 65-year-old male. The cells exhibit CK5.6, AE1/AE3, E-cadherin, vimentin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, SSTR2, and Neurotensin receptor 1, NTR1, but not CD56. The cells have a round, epithelial morphology, and are adherent in cell culture. MIA PaCa-2 has served for decades as a model of pancreatic cancer, and studies of MIA PaCa-2 physiology have helped clarify the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in pancreatic cancer, aid the development of cancer cell lysate, lysates targeting Immunoglobulin G, IgG production, and augmented drug-delivery methods relying on quantum dot, quantum dots. See also *DU145 *PANC-1 *BxPC-3 References {{Reflist External links Cellosaurus entry for MIA-Paca-2 Human cell lines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BxPC-3
BxPC-3 (BxPC3) is a human pancreatic cancer cell line used in the study of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and treatments thereof. BxPC-3 cells were derived from a 61-year-old female in 1986, and were confirmed to be tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, with moderate differentiation. The cells produce mucin, and exhibit an epithelial morphology. BxPC-3 cells lack a KRAS mutation, though it is commonly found in pancreatic cancers. BcPC-3 cells, along with JoPaca-1 cells, have high expression of cancer stem cell markers. BxPC-3 has been used in tumorigenicity studies, pancreatic cancer therapy research, and other biomedical applications. The cells have been additionally studied for their phenotypic and genotypic properties as they can be applied to pancreatic cancer drug development; in particular, BxPC-3 cells have high expression of the angiogenic factors IL-8, VEGF, and PGE2, which can serve as potential drug targets. See also *DU145 DU145 (DU-145) is a human prostate cancer cell li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Culture
Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows. This technique is also called micropropagation. After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue, they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions the need to be kept at body temperature (37 °C) in an incubator. These conditions vary for each cell type, but generally consist of a suitable vessel with a substrate or rich medium that supplies the essential nutrients (amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), growth factors, hormones, and gases ( CO2, O2), and regulates the physio-chemical environment (pH buffer, osmotic pressure, temperature). Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer arises when cell (biology), cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a Neoplasm, mass. These cancerous cells have the malignant, ability to invade other parts of the body. A number of types of pancreatic cancer are known. The most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 90% of cases, and the term "pancreatic cancer" is sometimes used to refer only to that type. These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas that makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells. About 1–2% of cases of pancreatic cancer are neuroendocrine tumors, which arise from the hormone-producing neuroendocrine cell, cells of the pancreas. These are generally less aggressive than pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Signs and symptoms of the most-common form of pancreatic cancer may include jaundice, ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Line
An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism which would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods ''in vitro''. The mutations required for immortality can occur naturally or be intentionally induced for experimental purposes. Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the biochemistry and cell biology of multicellular organisms. Immortalised cell lines have also found uses in biotechnology. An immortalised cell line should not be confused with stem cells, which can also divide indefinitely, but form a normal part of the development of a multicellular organism. Relation to natural biology and pathology There are various immortal cell lines. Some of them are normal cell lines (e.g. derived from stem cells). Other immortalised cell lines are the ''in vitro'' equivalent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ductal Cells
Ductal cells refer to the Epithelium, epithelial cell lining of the pancreatic duct that deliver enzymes from the Acinus, acinar cells to the duodenum. They have the essential function of producing bicarbonate-rich (HCO3-) secretion to neutralize stomach acidity. The hormone secretin stimulates ductal cells and is responsible for maintaining the duodenal pH and preventing duodenal injury from acidic chyme. Ductal cells mix their production with acinar cells to make up the pancreatic juice. Ductal cells comprise about 10% of the pancreas by number and about 4% in volume. Its function is to secrete bicarbonate and Mucin, mucins and to form the tubule network that transfers enzymes made by acinar cells to the duodenum. Ductal cells have a proliferation rate of about 0.5% in normal adults, but Mitosis, mitotic activity goes up when the pancreas is damaged. Ductal network The ductal pancreas network originates from the central pancreatic duct—this main duct with the bile duct opens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, are metastases (mets). It is generally distinguished from cancer invasion, which is the direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues. Cancer occurs after cells are genetically altered to proliferate rapidly and indefinitely. This uncontrolled proliferation by mitosis produces a primary heterogeneic tumour. The cells which constitute the tumor eventually undergo metaplasia, followed by dysplasia then anaplasia, resulting in a malignant phenotype. This malignancy allows for invasion into the circulation, followed by invasion to a second site for tumorigenesis. Some cancer cells known as circulating tumor cells acquire the ability to penetrate the walls of lymphatic or blood vessels, after which they are abl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trypsinization
Trypsinization is the process of cell dissociation using trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down proteins, to dissociate adherent cells from the vessel in which they are being cultured. When added to a cell culture, trypsin breaks down the proteins that enable the cells to adhere to the vessel. Trypsinization is often used to pass cells to a new vessel. When the trypsinization process is complete the cells will be in suspension and appear rounded. For experimental purposes, cells are often cultivated in containers that take the form of plastic flasks or plates. In such flasks, cells are provided with growth medium comprising the essential nutrients required for proliferation, and the cells adhere to the container and each other as they grow. This process of cell culture or tissue culture requires a method to dissociate the cells from the container and each other. Trypsin, an enzyme commonly found in the digestive tract, can be used to "digest" the protein Proteins ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keratin
Keratin () is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as ''scleroproteins''. Alpha-keratin (α-keratin) is a type of keratin found in vertebrates. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin among vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals. Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm. The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin. Keratin comes in two types, the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and harder, derived forms found only amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DU145
DU145 (DU-145) is a human prostate cancer cell line. DU145, PC3, and LNCaP are considered to be the standard prostate cancer cell lines used in therapeutic research. The DU145 cell line was derived from a central nervous system metastasis, of primary prostate adenocarcinoma origin, removed during a parieto-occipital craniotomy. DU145 are not hormone-sensitive and do not express prostate-specific antigen (PSA). DU145 cells have moderate metastatic Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, ... potential compared to PC3 cells, which have high metastatic potential. DU145 cells are androgen receptor positive. References External links Cellosaurus entry for DU145 Human cell lines Cancer research Urology Prostate cancer {{cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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