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Minuscule 412
Minuscule 412 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 419 (in Soden's numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1301. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 329 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, in 22 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 241 Sections, the last in 16:9), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers). It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, Prolegomena, tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, Synaxarion, Menologion, and numbers of . John 1:1-14 was supplied by a later hand. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the '' Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textual Research) in Münster and served as its first director from 1959 to 1983. He was one of the principal editors of '' Nestle–Aland – Novum Testamentum Graece'' for the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft and ''The Greek New Testament'' for the United Bible Societies. Life Aland was born in Berlin- Steglitz. He started studying theology in 1933 at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin (he also studied philology, archaeology, and history). On 23 March that year, he was examined before the ''Bruderrat'' (council of brothers) in the ''Bekennende Kirche'' (Confessing Church). During his studies, he worked for the journal of the Confessing Church, ''Junge Kirche'' (Young Church). In an ideological brochure, ''Wer fälscht?'' (Who is lying? ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textual Criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in dates from the earliest writing in cuneiform, impressed on clay, for example, to multiple unpublished versions of a 21st-century author's work. Historically, scribes who were paid to copy documents may have been literate, but many were simply copyists, mimicking the shapes of letters without necessarily understanding what they meant. This means that unintentional alterations were common when copying manuscripts by hand. Intentional alterations may have been made as well, for example, the censoring of printed work for political, religious or cultural reasons. The objective of the textual critic's work is to provide a better understanding of the creation and historical transmission of the text and its variants. This understanding may lead to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of New Testament Minuscules
The list of New Testament Minuscules ordered by Gregory-Aland index number is divided into three sections: * List of New Testament minuscules (1–1000) * List of New Testament minuscules (1001–2000) * List of New Testament minuscules (2001–3000) By location and institution List of New Testament Minuscules ordered by location and hosting institution: (*) Indicates only a portion of manuscript held by institution. (**) Indicates manuscript is a forgery. Bold Indicates manuscript has been color photographed. A–F G H–M N–T U–Z See also *List of artifacts significant to the Bible * List of New Testament Church Fathers *List of New Testament Latin manuscripts *List of New Testament lectionaries * List of New Testament amulets *List of New Testament papyri A New Testament papyrus is a copy of a portion of the New Testament made on papyrus. To date, over 140 such papyri are known. In general, they are considered the earliest witnesses to the original text ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay lying between the mouths of the Po River, Po and the Piave River, Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta (river), Brenta and the Sile (river), Sile). In 2020, around 258,685 people resided in greater Venice or the ''Comune di Venezia'', of whom around 55,000 live in the historical island city of Venice (''centro storico'') and the rest on the mainland (''terraferma''). Together with the cities of Padua, Italy, Padua and Treviso, Italy, Treviso, Venice is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), which is considered a statistical metropolitan area, with a total population of 2.6 million. The name is derived from the ancient Adri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Bell & Sons
George Bell & Sons was a book publishing house located in London, United Kingdom, from 1839 to 1986. History George Bell & Sons was founded by George Bell as an educational bookseller, with the intention of selling the output of London university presses; but became best known as an independent publisher of classics and children's books. One of Bell's first investments in publishing was a series of ''Railway Companions''; that is, booklets of timetables and tourist guides. Within a year Bell's publishing business had outstripped his retail business, and he elected to move from his original offices into Fleet Street. There G. Bell & Sons branched into the publication of books on art, architecture, and archaeology, in addition to the classics for which the company was already known. Bell's reputation was only improved by his association with Henry Cole. In the mid-1850s, Bell expanded again, printing the children's books of Margaret Gatty (''Parables from Nature'') and Julia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Plain Introduction To The Criticism Of The New Testament
''A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament: For the Use of Biblical Students'' is one of the books of Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (1813–1891), biblical scholar and textual critic. In this book Scrivener listed over 3,000 Greek manuscripts of the New Testament, as well as manuscripts of early versions. It was used by Gregory for further work. The book was published in four editions. The first edition, published in 1861, contained 506 pages. The second edition (1874) was expanded into 626 pages; the third into 751 pages; and the fourth into 874 pages. Two first editions were issued in one volume; in the third edition the material was divided into two volumes, with an increased number of chapters in each. The first volume was edited in 1883, the second in 1887. The fourth edition was also issued in two volumes (1894). The fourth edition of the book was reprinted in 2005 by Elibron Classics. First Edition The text of the first edition was divided into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Martin Augustin Scholz
Johann Martin Augustin Scholz (8 February 1794 – 20 October 1852) was a German Roman Catholic orientalist, biblical scholar and academic theologian. He was a professor at the University of Bonn and travelled extensively throughout Europe and the Near East in order to locate manuscripts of the New Testament. Life Scholz attended secondary school at the Catholic ''gymnasium'' in Breslau and then studied at the University of Breslau. In 1817 he was granted the degree of Doctor of Theology by the University of Freiburg, where he had studied under Johann Leonhard Hug (1765-1846). Scholz then went to Paris, where he studied Persian and Arabic under Silvestre de Sacy, and collated numerous codices (Greek, Latin, Arabic and Syriac) of the New Testament. From Paris he went to London, then travelled through France and Switzerland en route to Italy, the principal libraries of which he visited in order to conduct biblical research. In the autumn of 1821, upon his return from a journe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 74
Minuscule 74 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 321 ( von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It was written in 1291 or 1292. Some leaves of the codex were lost.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 51. It was adapted for liturgical use. It has full marginalia. The manuscript is lacunose. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels with some lacunae (Matthew 1:1-14; 5:29-6:1). The text is written in one column per page, 26-27 lines per page on 204 leaves (size ). The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Matthew 359, in Mark 241 – 16:20, in Luke 341, in John 232), with references to the Eusebian Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 484
Minuscule 484 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 322 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on thick cotton paper (''charta Damascena''). It is dated by a Colophon to the year 1291/1292. The manuscript was prepared for liturgical use. It contains liturgical books. Scrivener labelled it by number 571. The manuscript has complex contents. Description The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels on 258 thick paper leaves (size ). The leaves are arranged in octavo (eight leaves in quire). It is written in one column per page, 23-25 lines per page. In some parts the text is almost illegible. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 sections, the last section in 16:9), but without references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the prolegomena, tables of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 483
Minuscule 483 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 376 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1285 (altered to 985). It contains liturgical books with hagiographies: Synaxarion and Menologion. Scrivener labelled it by number 543. The manuscript has complex contents. Description The codex contains the text of the New Testament except Book of Revelation on 360 parchment leaves. It is written in one column per page, 22-23 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles''). The text of the Gospels is also divided according to the Ammonian Sections. It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), Synaxarion (before Acts and all Epistles), and Menologion (after Jude). It has ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones. Description The group was discovered by Hermann von Soden and designated by him with symbol Kx. The only distinction von Soden made among Kx members was according to the presence and type of the Pericope adulterae. Due to the massive influence of the group on other groups and its lack of control, the boundaries of group remain blurred. The most problematic is the question, how many Kx readings can be missing and how many surplus readings can be added before a manuscript no longer deserves to be classified as Kx? According to the Claremont Profile Method Kx has following profile in Luke 1, 10, and 20 are:The word before the bracket is the reading of the UBS edition; the readings which are not bold are those of the TR. See F. Wisse, ''The Profile Method for the Cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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