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List Of Cis-regulatory RNA Elements
This is a list of ''cis''-regulatory RNAs. These are RNA motifs which regulate nucleic acid regions on the same molecule, as opposed to ''trans''-acting motifs which regulate a distal molecule. Some of these RNAs are broadly distributed while others are single RNA families. {{horizontal ToC, nonum=yes # * 23S methyl RNA motif * 6C RNA A * Actino-pnp RNA motif * AdoCbl riboswitch *Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding (CPB) RNA *Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5′ UTR stem-loop *Alpha operon ribosome binding site * Antizyme RNA frameshifting stimulation element * APC internal ribosome entry site (IRES) * Aphthovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) * Apolipoprotein B (apoB) 5′ UTR cis-regulatory element * AtoC RNA motif * ATPC RNA motif *AU-rich element B * Bag-1 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) * Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element * Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element * Bovine leukaemia virus RNA packaging signal C * Citrus tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is the ribose derivative deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA. Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells and make up the genetic material. Nucleic acids are found in abundance in all living things, where they create, encode, and then store information of every living cell of every life-form on Earth. In turn, they function to transmit and express that information inside and outside the cell nucleus to the interior operations of the cell and ultimately to the next generation of each living organism. The encoded information is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamboo Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA Cis-regulatory Element
The bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of the genome of the bamboo mosaic virus. This element is thought to be essential for efficient RNA replication. See also *Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element *Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element The Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element is a cis-acting regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the Potato virus X genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. ... * Poxvirus AX element late mRNA cis-regulatory element References External links * Cis-regulatory RNA elements Potexviruses {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flg-Rhizobiales RNA Motif
The ''flg''-Rhizobiales RNA motif is an RNA structure that is conserved in certain bacteria. All known ''flg''-Rhizobiales RNAs are located in the presumptive 5' untranslated regions of operons that contain genes whose functions relate to the creation of flagellar basal bodies. The ''flg''-Rhizobiales RNAs are restricted to the Hyphomicrobiales (formerly known as Rhizobiales), an order of alphaproteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria). The Magnetococcales and Mariprofundales are considered basal or sister to the Alphaproteobacteria. The Alphaproteobacteria are highly diverse and p ..., although only some Rhizobiales bacterial are predicted to use ''flg''-Rhizobiales RNAs. The exact function of these RNAs is unknown, although it is hypothesized that they have a ''cis''-regulatory function in controlling expression of the downstream operons. See also * Rhizobiales-2 RNA motif References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavivirus Capsid Hairpin CHP
The Flavivirus capsid hairpin cHP is a conserved RNA hairpin structure identified within the capsid coding region of several flavivirus genomes. These positive strand RNA genomes are translated as a single polypeptide and subsequently cleaved into constituent proteins, the first of which is the capsid protein. The cHP hairpin is located within the capsid coding region between two AUG start codon The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and Archaea and a N-formylmethionine (fMet) in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids. The ...s. The cHP cis element has been shown to direct translation start from the suboptimal first start codon. The ability of cHP to direct initiation from the first start codon is proportional to its thermodynamic stability, is position dependent, and is sequence independent. It has been demonstrated that both AUGs and the conserved cHP are necessa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FIE3 (ftz Instability Element 3′) Element
The FIE3 (ftz instability element 3′) element is an RNA element found in the 3′ UTR of the fushi tarazu mRNA. The fushi tarazu gene is essential for the establishment of the Drosophila embryonic body plan. When first expressed in early embryogenesis, fushi tarazu mRNA is uniformly distributed over most of the embryo. Subsequently, fushi tarazu mRNA expression rapidly evolves into a pattern of seven stripes that encircle the embryo. The instability of fushi tarazu mRNA may contribute to the localization of this pattern of expression, but this is unlikely to be a dominant effect since the 744 base-pair ftz zebra stripe element can drive the ectopic expression of a reporter construct (with mRNA structure entirely unrelated to the ftz transcript) in a qualitatively highly similar pattern. Experiments provide evidence for at least two destabilizing elements in the fushi tarazu mRNA, one located within the 5′ one-third of the mRNA and the other near the 3′ end (termed FIE3 for f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterovirus Cis-acting Replication Element
Enterovirus cis-acting replication element is a small RNA hairpin in the coding region of protein 2C as the site in PV1(M) RNA that is used as the primary template for the ''in vitro'' uridylylation. The first step in the replication of the plus-stranded poliovirus RNA is the synthesis of a complementary minus strand. This process is initiated by the covalent attachment of uridine monophosphate (UMP) to the terminal protein VPg VPg (viral protein genome-linked) is a protein that is covalently attached to the 5′ end of positive strand viral RNA and acts as a primer during RNA synthesis in a variety of virus families including Picornaviridae, Potyviridae and Caliciviri ..., yielding VPgpU and VPgpUpU. See also * Enteroviral 3′ UTR element * Enterovirus 5′ cloverleaf cis-acting replication element References External links * Cis-regulatory RNA elements Enteroviruses {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterovirus 5′ Cloverleaf Cis-acting Replication Element
The Enterovirus 5′ cloverleaf cis-acting replication element is an RNA element found in the 5′ UTR of Enterovirus genomes. The element has a cloverleaf like secondary structure and is known to be a multifunctional cis-acting replication element (CRE), required for the initiation of negative strand RNA synthesis. See also * Enteroviral 3′ UTR element *Enterovirus cis-acting replication element Enterovirus cis-acting replication element is a small RNA hairpin in the coding region of protein 2C as the site in PV1(M) RNA that is used as the primary template for the ''in vitro'' uridylylation. The first step in the replication of the plus ... References External links * Cis-regulatory RNA elements Enteroviruses {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enteroviral 3′ UTR Element
In molecular biology, the enteroviral 3′ UTR element is an RNA structure found in the 3′ UTR of various enteroviruses. The overall structure forms the origin of replication (OriR) for the initiation of (-) strand RNA synthesis. Pseudoknots have also been predicted in this structure. See also *Enterovirus 5′ cloverleaf cis-acting replication element *Enterovirus cis-acting replication element Enterovirus cis-acting replication element is a small RNA hairpin in the coding region of protein 2C as the site in PV1(M) RNA that is used as the primary template for the ''in vitro'' uridylylation. The first step in the replication of the plus ... References External links * Cis-regulatory RNA elements Enteroviruses {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterobacteria Rnk Leader
The Enterobacteria rnk leader is a putative attenuator element identified by bioinformatics within bacteria of the γ-proteobacterial Enterobacteriales order. It is located upstream of the ''rnk'' gene, encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase regulator, and presents a intrinsic termination, Rho-independent terminator at the 3' end. This RNA is presumed to operate as a non-coding leader, which regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. The motif might be related to other rnk-and greA-leaders, such as Pseudomonas rnk leader. See also *Gammaproteobacteria rimP leader References External links *{{Rfam, id=RF01771, name=Enterobacteria rnk leader Cis-regulatory RNA elements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterobacteria GreA Leader
The Enterobacteria greA leader is a putative attenuator element identified by bioinformatics within bacteria of the γ-proteobacterial Enterobacteriales order. It is located upstream of the ''rnk'' gene, encoding a transcription elongation factor, and presents a Rho-independent terminator at the 3' end. This RNA is presumed to operate as a non-coding leader, which regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. The short abortive form of the greA transcript may also play a role as an independent sRNA: Potrykus ''et al.'' have shown that its overexpression leads to the repression of several genes. The motif might be related to other rnk leaders such as the Pseudomonas rnk leader and the Enterobacteria rnk leader The Enterobacteria rnk leader is a putative attenuator element identified by bioinformatics within bacteria of the γ-proteobacterial Enterobacteriales order. It is located upstream of the ''rnk'' gene, encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase regu .... See also * Gammapro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cap-independent Translation Element
In molecular biology, a cap-independent translation element (CITE or 3'CITE) is an RNA sequence found in the 3'UTR of many RNA plant viruses. Eukaryotic mRNAs contain a 5' cap structure which is required for efficient binding of translation initiation factors. Many viral mRNAs lack the 5' cap, animal virus mRNAs often contain an internal ribosome entry site which functions in translation initiation. Many plant viral mRNAs contain a cap-independent translation element. These elements mediate initiation of translation of the proteins Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ... encoded in the mRNA by either recruiting translation initiation factors or the 60S ribosomal subunit to the viral RNA. In RNA2 of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) the cap-independent translation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ctgf/hcs24 CAESAR
ctgf/hcs24 CAESAR is the name given to the cis-acting RNA element identified in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the human connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) messenger RNA. This gene is also known as hypertrophic chondrocyte Chondrocytes (, from Greek χόνδρος, ''chondros'' = cartilage + κύτος, ''kytos'' = cell) are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteog ... specific 24 (hcs24). The importance of the 3'UTR in repressing ctgf gene expression was initially characacterised and subsequently the minimal RNA element responsible for repression was identified This element was predicted to form a stable secondary structure, which acts as a post-transcriptional cis-acting element of structure-anchored repression (CAESAR). The 3'UTR of the ctgf/hcs24 gene in chicken has also been shown to be involved in repression of gene expression. References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
