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Lusitanian Integralism
''Integralismo Lusitano'' (English: "Lusitanian Integralism") was a Portuguese integralist political movement founded in Coimbra in 1914 that advocated traditionalism but not conservatism. It was against parliamentarism but favoured decentralization, national syndicalism, the Roman Catholic Church and the monarchy. Its members included an amalgam of rightists, monarchists, Catholics and nationalists. Origin Lusitanian Integralism is a variant of integralism that evolved in Portugal, the term "Lusitania" being derived from the Latin term for the southern region of what is now Portugal. The movement was created to address the threats of anticlerical liberalism, socialism, populist and revolution. The movement drew inspiration from the French royalist movement '' Action française'' and it considered an authoritarian, nationalist and corporatist monarchy to be ideal. The movement was particularly active during the Portuguese First Republic, which it criticised. Activi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe, and its Iberian portion is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain, the sole country to have a land border with Portugal. Its two archipelagos form two autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Lisbon is the capital and largest city by population. Portugal is the oldest continuously existing nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. It was inhabited by pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples who had contact with Phoenicians and Ancient Greek traders, it was ruled by the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people, being the List of urban areas of the European Union, 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union.Demographia: World Urban Areas - demographia.com, 06.2021 About 3 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula, after Madrid and Barcelona. It represents approximately 27% of the country's population. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidónio Pais
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (; 1 May 1872 – 14 December 1918) was a Portuguese politician, military officer, and diplomat, who served as the fourth president of the First Portuguese Republic in 1918. One of the most divisive figures in modern Portuguese history, he was referred to by the writer Fernando Pessoa as the "President-King", a description that stuck in later years and symbolizes his regime.Fernando Pessoa (1918). "À memoria do Presidente-Rei Sidónio Pais". Quoted in Darlene Joy Sadler (1998), ''An Introduction to Fernando Pessoa: Modernism and the Paradoxes of Authorship''. Gainesville etc.: University of Florida Press, p. 45. Early life Pais was born in Caminha, 1 May 1872, the eldest child of Sidónio Alberto Marrocos Pais, a notary of Jewish descent, and Rita Júlia Cardoso da Silva, both natives of Caminha. He completed his primary education in Sertã, where he lived between the ages of 7 and 11, and completed his secondary education at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estado Novo (Portugal)
The ''Estado Novo'' (, lit. "New State") was the corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933. It evolved from the ''Ditadura Nacional'' ("National Dictatorship") formed after the ''coup d'état'' of 28 May 1926 against the democratic but unstable First Republic. Together, the ''Ditadura Nacional'' and the ''Estado Novo'' are recognised by historians as the Second Portuguese Republic ( pt, Segunda República Portuguesa). The ''Estado Novo'', greatly inspired by conservative and autocratic ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, who was President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 until illness forced him out of office in 1968. The ''Estado Novo'' was one of the longest-surviving authoritarian regimes in Europe in the 20th century. Opposed to communism, socialism, syndicalism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was conservative, corporatist, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal's traditional Catholicism. Its policy envisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
António De Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar (, , ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese dictator who served as President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 to 1968. Having come to power under the ("National Dictatorship"), he reframed the regime as the ("New State"), a corporatist dictatorship that ruled Portugal from 1933 until 1974. Salazar was a political economy professor at University of Coimbra. Salazar entered public life as finance minister with the support of President Óscar Carmona after the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The military of 1926 saw themselves as the guardians of the nation in the wake of the instability and perceived failure of the First Republic, but they had no clue how to address the critical challenges of the hour. Within one year, armed with special powers, Salazar balanced the budget and stabilized Portugal's currency. Salazar produced the first of many budgetary surpluses. He promoted civilian administration in the authoritarian regime when the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Syndicalists (Portugal)
The National Syndicalist Movement (Portuguese: ''Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista'') was a political movement that briefly flourished in Portugal in the 1930s. Stanley G. Payne defines them as a fascist movement in his typography.Payne, p. 15 Development The MNS emerged amongst a group of students who were associated with the ''Liga Nacional 28 de maio'' but had grown disillusioned with its right-wing economic platform.Payne, p. 314 Under the leadership of Francisco Rolão Preto, the National Syndicalists emerged in 1932 from a tradition of Monarchism and ''Integralismo Lusitano'' ("Lusitanic Integralism") to offer a platform that they hoped would lead to full corporatism of association or unionism in opposition to capitalism and communism. They called for a totalitarian state to rule Portugal, although they placed central importance on the Catholic Church and made Catholic identity an important part of their appeal. They adopted the Order of Christ Cross as their emblem, in order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Rolão Preto
Francisco de Barcelos Rolão Preto, GCIH (12 February 1893, Gavião – 18 December 1977, Hospital do Desterro, Lisbon) was a Portuguese politician, journalist, and leader of the Portuguese National Syndicalists Movement (MNS), a fascist organization. When in 1934 Salazar decided to ban the National Syndicalist Movement, Preto was briefly detained and later exiled. While in exiled and in Madrid, he was a guest in the house of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, with whom he collaborated in formulating a program for the Falange. In the eve of the Second World War he published a new editions of his work on Italian Fascism with high hopes on the Berlin-Rome axis. After World War II, Rolão Preto abandoned fascism and joined the left-wing forum Movement of Democratic Unity In 1949 he participated in General Norton de Matos’s 1949 presidential election campaign. He also backed more liberal candidates for the Presidency, such as Quintão Meireles, Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LuÃs De Almeida Braga
LuÃs Carlos de Lima de Almeida Braga (20 October 1890 – 27 February 1970) was a Portuguese writer and politician who has one of the leading figures within the Integralismo Lusitano movement. Early years Born in Braga, Almeida Braga first came to politics whilst a student at the University of Coimbra where he was active in the cause of monarchism.Philip Rees, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'', 1990, p. 7 Forced into exile in 1911 following a crackdown on such activity, he feld to Belgium where he continued his studies at Ghent University and the Université Libre de Bruxelles. The journal that he founded, ''Alma Portuguesa'', was an early basis for integralist development and he produced it in exile until he was amnestied in 1916. Whilst in exile Almeida Braga was also involved in translating Portuguese language literature into French, including some of the works of Gil Vicente. Integralism He was involved in the failed monarchist uprising of 1919 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João Ameal
João Ameal was the literary pseudonym of Portuguese historian, political theorist, novelist and politician João Francisco de Barbosa Azevedo de Sande Ayres de Campos, 3rd Count of Ameal, GCC, OSE (Coimbra, 23 October 1902 – Lisbon, 23 November 1982). His surname is also graphed ''Aires de Campos'' in contemporary Portuguese orthography, and he himself signed it in both forms. Both as an author and as a politician, he was active chiefly during Portugal's Estado Novo, and is regarded as one of the regime's leading intellectuals and historiographers. He is especially renowned for his widespread ''História de Portugal'' ('History of Portugal'), a multi-volume work first published in 1940, and for the several historical studies which he authored throughout his life, most of which are shaped by his integralist convictions. Family and early life João Francisco de Barbosa Azevedo de Sande Ayres de Campos was the son of João de Sande Magalhães Mexia Ayres de Campos, 2nd Cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Hipólito Vaz Raposo
José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacular form of Joseph, which is also in current usage as a given name. José is also commonly used as part of masculine name composites, such as José Manuel, José Maria or Antonio José, and also in female name composites like Maria José or Marie-José. The feminine written form is ''Josée'' as in French. In Netherlandic Dutch, however, ''José'' is a feminine given name and is pronounced ; it may occur as part of name composites like Marie-José or as a feminine first name in its own right; it can also be short for the name ''Josina'' and even a Dutch hypocorism of the name ''Johanna''. In England, Jose is originally a Romano-Celtic surname, and people with this family name can usually be found in, or traced to, the English county of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Adriano Pequito Rebelo
José Adriano Pequito Rebelo (born 21 May 1892 in Gavião, Portugal – died 22 January 1983 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese writer, politician and aviator. Early life Born into a monarchist family, Pequito Rebelo studied law at University of Coimbra where he followed in the family's political footsteps.Philip Rees, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'', 1990, p. 293 He followed his family into exile in the early 1910s to Paris and whilst there became converted to the ''Action Française'' school of monarchism. Integralismo On his return to Portugal in 1914 he became a founder of Integralismo Lusitano along with José Hipólito Raposo, Alberto Monsaraz and António Sardinha. Uniquely amongst this leadership Pequito Rebelo enlisted in the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps during the First World War, whilst also writing extensively for the integralist journals, often on the theme of his hatred for urbanism. Pequito Rebelo was involved in the monarchist uprising of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto De Monsaraz
Alberto de Morés Monsaraz (28 February 1889, Lisbon – 23 January 1959) was a Portuguese politician and poet. He was one of the central figures in the Integralismo Lusitano that dominated the far-right of Portuguese politics during the early years of the twentieth century. Early years Born in Lisbon, he was the son of the poet António de Macedo Papança, who became the first Conde de Monsaraz in 1910.Philip Rees, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'', 1990, p. 267 In 1907 the young Monsaraz began studying law whilst also writing for the right-wing journal ''Pátria Nova''. As a result of his involvement in monarchist politics it would be 1915 before he finally graduated. Integralism Like many young monarchists at the time Monsaraz fell in behind Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro and took part in his monarchist incursion in 1911. He was exiled to Paris for his involvement and fell in with other like-minded individuals in the French capital who had also be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
