''Integralismo Lusitano'' (English: "Lusitanian Integralism") was a Portuguese

integralist In politics, integralism, integrationism or integrism (french: intégrisme) is an interpretation of Catholic social teaching that argues for an Authoritarianism, authoritarian and anti-Pluralism (political philosophy), pluralist Christian sta ...

political movement founded in Coimbra in 1914 that advocated traditionalism but not conservatism. It was against parliamentarism but favoured decentralization, national syndicalism, the Roman Catholic Church and the monarchy. Its members included an amalgam of rightists, monarchists, Catholics and nationalists.

Origin

Lusitanian Integralism is a variant of integralism that evolved in Portugal, the term "

Lusitania Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and a portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and the province of Salamanca) lie. It was named after the Lusitani or Lusita ...

" being derived from the Latin term for the southern region of what is now Portugal. The movement was created to address the threats of anticlerical liberalism, socialism, populist and revolution. The movement drew inspiration from the French royalist movement '' Action française'' and it considered an authoritarian, nationalist and corporatist monarchy to be ideal. The movement was particularly active during the Portuguese First Republic, which it criticised.

Activities

It initially supported the last

king of Portugal This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution. Through the n ...

, Manuel II but refused to back him after 1920 after the attempts to restore the monarchy that were initiated in Monsanto Forest Park,

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

, and during the

Monarchy of the North The Monarchy of the North ( pt, Monarquia do Norte), officially the Kingdom of Portugal (), was a short-lived counter-revolution against the First Portuguese Republic and a monarchist government that occurred in Northern Portugal in early 1919. I ...

, but it supported Manuel's cousin, Miguel of Braganza. Integralismo Lusitano's notable members included

António Sardinha António Sardinha (9 September 1887 in Monforte, Portalegre – 10 January 1925 in Elvas Municipality, Elvas) was a Portugal, Portuguese writer and the main intellectual behind the ''Integralismo Lusitano'' movement. He espoused a strongly conserva ...

Alberto de Monsaraz Alberto de Morés Monsaraz (28 February 1889, Lisbon – 23 January 1959) was a Portuguese politician and poet. He was one of the central figures in the Integralismo Lusitano that dominated the far-right of Portuguese politics during the early year ...

José Adriano Pequito Rebelo José Adriano Pequito Rebelo (born 21 May 1892 in Gavião, Portugal – died 22 January 1983 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese writer, politician and aviator. Early life Born into a monarchist family, Pequito Rebelo studied law at University of Coimbra ...

José Hipólito Vaz Raposo José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacul ...

João Ameal João Ameal was the literary pseudonym of Portuguese historian, political theorist, novelist and politician João Francisco de Barbosa Azevedo de Sande Ayres de Campos, 3rd Count of Ameal, GCC, OSE (Coimbra, 23 October 1902 – Lisbon, 23 Nove ...

, Leão Ramos Ascensão,

Luís de Almeida Braga Luís Carlos de Lima de Almeida Braga (20 October 1890 – 27 February 1970) was a Portuguese writer and politician who has one of the leading figures within the Integralismo Lusitano movement. Early years Born in Braga, Almeida Braga first came t ...

, and

Francisco Rolão Preto Francisco de Barcelos Rolão Preto, GCIH (12 February 1893, Gavião – 18 December 1977, Hospital do Desterro, Lisbon) was a Portuguese politician, journalist, and leader of the Portuguese National Syndicalists Movement (MNS), a fascist or ...

. Preto later asserted himself as leader of the National Syndicalists (''Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista'') and became an opponent of António de Oliveira Salazar and the Estado Novo regime. The leadership remained active in 1917–1918, when it supported the leadership of Sidónio Pais, but it also backed the Ditadura Nacional (''National Dictatorship''), established after the

28 May 1926 coup d'état The 28 May 1926 coup d'état, sometimes called 28 May Revolution or, during the period of the authoritarian Estado Novo ( en, New State), the National Revolution ( pt, Revolução Nacional), was a military coup of a nationalist origin, that put ...

. It adopted part of the Integralismo Lusitano's ideology. When Manuel II died without heirs in 1932, the movement rallied all monarchists behind the descendants of Miguel, who had been exiled after the Liberal Wars. Integralismo Lusitano published a journal called ''Nação Portuguesa'', which collaborated with other figures for its counter-revolutionary publications. It was founded by Raposo.Antonio Costa Pinto,
A formaçãodo integralismo lusitano (1907-17)

References

* Ramos Ascensão, Leão, ''O Integralismo Lusitano'', Edições Gama, 1943. (https://web.archive.org/web/20140531114649/http://www.causanacional.net/INTEGRALISMO.pdf) *

External links

Integralismo lusitano: "made in France"?, Stewart Lloyd-Jones
Political parties established in 1914 20th century in Portugal Political history of Portugal Monarchist parties in Portugal Defunct political parties in Portugal 1914 establishments in Portugal National syndicalism {{Portugal-party-stub

Origin

Activities

See also

References

External links