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List Of Insect Pests Of Millets
This article contains a list of insect pests of millets primarily derived from Kalaisekar (2017). Millet species All of the millet species listed below belong to the grass famly, Poaceae. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the subfamily Panicoideae, but some millets also belong to various other taxa. Major millets are in bold. Eragrostideae tribe in the subfamily Chloridoideae: * ''Eleusine coracana'': Finger millet * ''Eragrostis tef'': Teff Paniceae tribe in the subfamily Panicoideae: * Genus ''Panicum'': ** ''Panicum miliaceum'': Proso millet (common millet, broomcorn millet) ** ''Panicum sumatrense'': Little millet * ''Pennisetum glaucum'': Pearl millet * ''Setaria italica'': Foxtail millet * Genus ''Digitaria'' ** ''Digitaria exilis'': White fonio ** ''Digitaria compacta'': Raishan * Genus ''Echinochloa'': barnyard millets ** ''Echinochloa esculenta'': Japanese barnyard millet ** ''Echinochloa frumentacea'': Indian barnyard millet ** ''Echinochloa crus-ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millet
Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe Paniceae, but some millets also belong to various other taxa. Millets are important crops in the semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa (especially in India, Mali, Nigeria, and Niger), with 97% of millet production in developing countries. This crop is favored due to its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature conditions. Millets are indigenous to many parts of the world. The most widely grown millets are sorghum and pearl millets, which are important crops in India and parts of Africa. Finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species. Millets may have been consumed by humans for about 7,000 years and potentially had "a pivotal role in the rise of multi-crop agriculture and settled farming societies." Descript ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa Esculenta
''Echinochloa esculenta'' is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is referred to by the common names Japanese barnyard millet or Japanese millet, is a species of ''Echinochloa'' that is cultivated on a small scale in India, Japan, China and Korea, both as a food and for animal fodder. It is grown in areas where the land is unsuitable or the climate too cool for paddy rice cultivation. However, the development of rice varieties that can withstand cold has led to a sharp decline in the cultivation of Japanese barnyard millet, in favor of rice. The earliest records of the domesticated form date to 2000 BC from the Jōmon period of Japan. Japanese barnyard millet was domesticated from ''Echinochloa crus-galli''. As is common for grain domestication, it underwent grain enlargement. That part of the process took one to two thousand years, occurring in Japan. Etymology ''Echinochloa'' is derived from Greek and means 'hedgehog-grass'.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis
''Cnaphalocrocis medinalis'', the rice leafroller, is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and most of Australia. The wingspan is about . The larvae are considered a pest of ''Oryza sativa'', ''Zea mays'', and ''Triticum'', ''Saccharum'' and ''Sorghum'' species. The moth is very active, bright yellow or straw in colour with two distinct wavy lines in the fore wing and one wavy distinct line in the hind wing. It has a wing span of . Eggs are laid singularly or in groups arranged in longitudinal rows on the undersurface of the leaves which are scaly white in color. Fecundity is about 56 eggs. Incubation period is 4–8 days. We find 5–6 larval instars, larval period is about 22–23 days. It pupates with in the infested leaf fold for a period of 6–7 days. The fully grown caterpillar is green in color and is long. The total life cycle completed in about 5 weeks. All the stages of the crop ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnaphalocrocis
''Cnaphalocrocis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Julius Lederer in 1863. Species *''Cnaphalocrocis araealis'' (Hampson, 1912) *'' Cnaphalocrocis bilinealis'' (Hampson, 1891) *''Cnaphalocrocis brunneofusalis'' (Hampson, 1917) *'' Cnaphalocrocis binalis'' (Zeller, 1852) *''Cnaphalocrocis carstensziana'' (Rothschild, 1916) *''Cnaphalocrocis cochrusalis'' (Walker, 1859) *''Cnaphalocrocis conformis'' (Meyrick, 1934) *'' Cnaphalocrocis daisensis'' (Shibuya, 1929) *''Cnaphalocrocis didialis'' (Viette, 1958) *''Cnaphalocrocis euryterminalis'' (Hampson, 1917) *'' Cnaphalocrocis exigua'' (Butler, 1879) *''Cnaphalocrocis fusifascialis'' (Hampson, 1896) *''Cnaphalocrocis grisealis'' (Ghesquière, 1942) *''Cnaphalocrocis grucheti'' (Viette, 1976) *''Cnaphalocrocis hemicrossa'' (Meyrick, 1887) *''Cnaphalocrocis hexagona'' (Lower, 1903) *''Cnaphalocrocis iolealis'' (Walker, 1859) *''Cnaphalocrocis laticostalis'' (Hampson, 1912) *''Cnaphalocrocis latimarg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crambidae
The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies include brightly coloured and patterned insects which rest in wing-spread attitudes. In many classifications, the Crambidae have been treated as a subfamily of the Pyralidae or snout-moths. The principal difference is a structure in the tympanal organs called the praecinctorium, which joins two tympanic membranes in the Crambidae, and is absent from the Pyralidae. The latest review by Munroe and Solis, in Kristensen (1999), retains the Crambidae as a full family. The family currently comprises 15 subfamilies with altogether 10,347 species in over 1,000 genera. Systematics *subfamilia incertae sedis **''Conotalis'' Hampson, 1919 **''Exsilirarcha'' Salmon & Bradley, 1956 *Subfamily Acentropinae Stephens, 1836 *Subfamily Crambinae Latreille, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic rank, superfamilies, 10 percent of the total described species of living organisms. It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world. The Lepidoptera show many variations of the basic body structure that have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution. Recent estimates suggest the order may have more species than earlier thought, and is among the four most wikt:speciose, speciose orders, along with the Hymenoptera, fly, Diptera, and beetle, Coleoptera. Lepidopteran species are characterized by more than three derived features. The most apparent is the presence of scale (anatomy), scales that cover the torso, bodies, wings, and a proboscis. The scales are modified, flattened "hairs", and give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Job's Tears
Job's tears (''Coix lacryma-jobi)'', also known as Adlay or Adlay millet, is a tall grain-bearing perennial tropical plant of the family Poaceae (grass family). It is native to Southeast Asia and introduced to Northern China and India in remote antiquity, and elsewhere cultivated in gardens as an annual. It has been naturalized in the southern United States and the New World tropics. In its native environment it is grown at higher elevation areas where rice and corn do not grow well. Job's tears are also commonly sold as Chinese pearl barley. There are two main varieties of the species, one wild and one cultivated. The wild variety, ''Coix lacryma-jobi'' var. ''lacryma-jobi'', has hard-shelled pseudocarps—very hard, pearly white, oval structures used as beads for making prayer beads or rosaries, necklaces, and other objects. The cultivated variety ''Coix lacryma-jobi'' var. ''ma-yuen'' is harvested as a cereal crop, has a soft shell, and used medicinally in parts of Asia. Nom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorghum Bicolor
''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a Poaceae, grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, and barley, with 59.34 million metric tons of annual global production in 2018. ''S. bicolor'' is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 m high. The grain is small, ranging from 2 to 4 mm in diameter. Sweet sorghums are sorghum cultivars that are primarily grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol; they are taller than those grown for grain. ''Sorghum bicolor'' is the cultivated species of sorghum; its wild relatives make up the botanical genus ''Sorghum''. History The first archae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andropogoneae
The Andropogoneae, sometimes called the sorghum tribe, are a large tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum. All species in this tribe use C4 carbon fixation, which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions. Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae together with its sister group Arundinelleae. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (''incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...''). Hybridisation (biology), Hybridisation was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systemat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachiaria Ramosa
''Brachiaria ramosa'' (L.) Stapf (browntop millet) is a perennial millet grass belonging to the grass family (Poaceae). It is native to South Asia, where it is traditionally cultivated as a cereal crop. The reconstructed Proto-Dravidian name for ''Brachiaria ramosa'' is *conna-l.Southworth, Franklin C. 2005. Proto-Dravidian Agriculture'. Paper presented at the 7th ESCA Round Table Conference, Kyoto, June 2005. Other scientific names for browntop millet include ''Urochloa ramosa'' (L.) Nguyen and ''Panicum ramosum'' (L.). Pests Insect pests include: *shoot flies ''Atherigona oryzae'', ''Atherigona pulla'', and ''Atherigona punctata'' *caseworm '' Parapoynx stagnalis'' *red hairy caterpillars ''Amsacta albistriga ''Amsacta albistriga'', the red hairy caterpillar, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in southern India, where it has been recorded feeding on finger millet and sorghum. The wingspan is . The larvae defoliate various agricultural c ...'' and '' Amsacta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachiaria Deflexa
''Brachiaria deflexa'' (Guinea millet) is a annual millet grass belonging to the grass family (Poaceae). It is native to many regions such as Africa, India, and Pakistan in both tropical and subtropical regions. It has been used as a supplemental food source among other cereal crops. Description ''Brachiaria deflexa'' is an annual grass that grows up to 70 cm tall. It has weak and slender stems that are finely pubescent. The stem extends into roots at the lower nodes. Leaves alternate across the stem and are a linear-lanceolate shape with a pale leaf sheath. Inflorescence imitates a panicle with 7-15 racemes on a 6 cm-15 cm long axis. These racemes are 2 cm-20 cm long, broadly elliptical (2mm-3.5mm), and have spikelets up to 15mm long. It matures in 90–130 days and flowers throughout the year. ''Brachiaria'' is a C4 species, which is advantageous in its dry and often highly sunlit conditions. Geographic distribution and growth Guinea millet is be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachiaria
''Brachiaria'', or signalgrass, is a genus of plants in the grass family native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, southern Europe, the Americas, and various islands.Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 520 臂形草属 bi xing cao shu ''Brachiaria'' (Trinius) Grisebach, Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4: 469. 1853. Flora of China. There are over 100 species. Some species are cultivated as . Some species of ''Brachiaria'' were probably first introduced unintentionally to the Americas in the colonial period, from slave ships. ''B. decumbens'' was introduced to [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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