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List Of MeSH Codes (B03)
The following is a partial list of the "B" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (B02). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (B04). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set o2006 MeSH Treesfrom the NLM. – bacteria – atypical bacterial forms – l forms – spheroplasts – bacteria, aerobic – bacteria, anaerobic – Bacteroidetes – bacteroidaceae * – bacteroides * – '' Bacteroides fragilis'' * – ''Porphyromonas'' * – ''Porphyromonas endodontalis'' * – '' Porphyromonas gingivalis'' * – '' Prevotella'' * – '' Prevotella intermedia'' * – ''Prevotella melaninogenica'' * – ''Prevotella nigrescens'' * – ''Prevotella ruminicola'' – flavobacteriaceae * – '' Capnocytophaga'' * – ''Chryseobacterium'' * – ''Flavobacterium'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medical Subject Headings
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. It serves as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings. MeSH is also used by ClinicalTrials.gov registry to classify which diseases are studied by trials registered in ClinicalTrials. MeSH was introduced in the 1960s, with the NLM's own index catalogue and the subject headings of the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus (1940 edition) as precursors. The yearly printed version of MeSH was discontinued in 2007; MeSH is now available only online. It can be browsed and downloaded free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different origins. Structure MeSH vocabulary is divi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prevotella Melaninogenica
''Prevotella melaninogenica'' is a species of bacterium in the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract. It is an important human pathogen in various anaerobic infections, often mixed with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. ''P. melaninogenica'' is an anaerobic, Gram-negative rod, named for its black colonies, and black pigment. ''P. melaninogenica'' is associated with hypertension together with ''Campylobacter rectus'' and ''Veillonella parvula''. Description ''P. melaninogenica'' are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. They cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. They are not motile, and do not form spores. ''P. melaninogenica'' grow well on blood agar, where they form circular dark-colored colonies that darken over one to two weeks. History ''P. melaninogenica'' was originally described as ''Bacteroides melaninogenicus'' in 1921 by Wade Oliver and William Wherry at the University of Cincinnati as a new bacterium isolated from various sites of several different hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blue-green algae, although they are not usually scientifically classified as algae. They appear to have originated in a freshwater or terrestrial environment. Sericytochromatia, the proposed name of the paraphyletic and most basal group, is the ancestor of both the non-photosynthetic group Melainabacteria and the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, also called Oxyphotobacteria. Cyanobacteria use photosynthetic pigments, such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and various forms of chlorophyll, which absorb energy from light. Unlike heterotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have internal membranes. These are flattened sacs called thylakoids where photosynthesis is performed. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as green plants perform photosynthesis in plast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroflexus
Chloroflexales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia. Taxonomy The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). * Suborder Roseiflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 ** Family Roseiflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 Kouleotrichaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018*** Genus "'' Kouleothrix''" Kohno et al. 2002 *** Genus '' Heliothrix'' Pierson et al. 1986 *** Genus ''Roseiflexus'' Hanada et al. 2002 * Suborder Chloroflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 ** Family Chloroflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 *** Genus ''Candidatus'' Chloranaerofilum Thiel et al. 2016 *** Genus ''Chloroflexus'' Pierson & Castenholz 1974 ''Chlorocrinis''"">Chlorocrinis.html" ;"title="''Chlorocrinis">''Chlorocrinis''"** Family Oscillochloridaceae Gupta et al. 2013 *** Genus ''Candidatus'' Chloroploca Gorlenko et al. 2014 *** Genus ''Chloronema'' ♪ Dubinina & Gorlenko 1975 *** Genus ''Oscillochloris'' Gorlenko & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroflexota
The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis (green non-sulfur bacteria); and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated ethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls) as electron acceptors. The members of the phylum ''Chloroflexota'' are monoderms (that is, have one cell membrane with no outer membrane), but they stain mostly gram-negative. Many well-studied phyla of bacteria are diderms and stain gram-negative, whereas well-known monoderms that stain Gram-positive include ''Firmicutes'' (or ''Bacillota'') ( low G+C gram-positives), ''Actinomycetota'' (high-G+C gram-positives) and ''Deinococcota'' (gram-positive diderms with thick peptidoglycan). History The taxon name was created in the 2001 edition of Volume 1 of Bergey's Manual of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorobium
''Chlorobium'' is a genus of green sulfur bacteria. They are photolithotrophic oxidizers of sulfur and most notably utilise a noncyclic electron transport chain to reduce NAD+. Photosynthesis is achieved using a Type 1 Reaction Centre using bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) ''a''. Two photosynthetic antenna complexes aid in light absorption: the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex ("FMO", also containing BChl ''a''), and the chlorosomes which employ mostly BChl ''c'', ''d'', or ''e''. Hydrogen sulfide is used as an electron source and carbon dioxide its carbon source.Prescott, Harley, Klein. (2005). ''Microbiology'' pp. 195, 493, 597, 618-619, 339. ''Chlorobium'' species exhibit a dark green color; in a Winogradsky column, the green layer often observed is composed of ''Chlorobium''. This genus lives in strictly anaerobic conditions below the surface of a body of water, commonly the anaerobic zone of a eutrophic lake. '' Chlorobium aggregatum'' is a species which exists in a symbiotic rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorobiota
The green sulfur bacteria are a phylum of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur. Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile (except ''Chloroherpeton thalassium'', which may glide) and capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis. They live in anaerobic aquatic environments. In contrast to plants, green sulfur bacteria mainly use sulfide ions as electron donors. They are autotrophs that utilize the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle to perform carbon fixation. They are also mixotrophs and reduce nitrogen. Characteristics Green sulfur bacteria are gram-negative rod or spherical shaped bacteria. Some types of green sulfur bacteria have gas vacuoles that allow for movement. They are photolithoautotrophs, and use light energy and reduced sulfur compounds as the electron source. Electron donors include H2, H2S, S. The major photosynthetic pigment in these bacteria is Bacteriochlorophylls ''c'' or ''d'' in green species and ''e'' in brown species, and is located in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blood-borne Pathogens
A blood-borne disease is a disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. Blood can contain pathogens of various types, chief among which are microorganisms, like bacteria and parasites, and non-living infectious agents such as viruses. Three blood-borne pathogens in particular, all viruses, are cited as of primary concern to health workers by the CDC-NIOSH: HIV, hepatitis B (HVB), & hepatitis C (HVC). Diseases that are not usually transmitted directly by blood contact, but rather by insect or other vector, are more usefully classified as vector-borne disease, even though the causative agent can be found in blood. Vector-borne diseases include West Nile virus, zika fever and malaria. Many blood-borne diseases can also be contracted by other means, including high-risk sexual behavior or intravenous drug use. These diseases have also been identified in sports medicine. Since it is difficult to determine what pathogens any given sample of blood co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biofilms
A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and DNA. Because they have three-dimensional structure and represent a community lifestyle for microorganisms, they have been metaphorically described as "cities for microbes". Biofilms may form on living or non-living surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. They may constitute a microbiome or be a portion of it. The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. Biofilms can form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flexibacter
''Flexibacter'' is a genus of bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ... consisting of some seventeen strains (or species), known for their yellow hue. Etymology: L. part. adj. ''flexus'' (from. L. v. ''flecto''), bent, winding; N.L. masc. n. '' bacter'', rod; N.L. masc. n. ''Flexibacter'', intended to mean flexible rod. References Cytophagia Bacteria genera {{Bacteroidetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophaga
''Cytophaga'' is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose ''C. hutchinsonii'' is able to use its gliding motility to move quickly over surfaces. Although the mechanism for this is not known, there is a belief that the flagellum is not used Species The following are some species in ''Cytophaga'': * ''Cytophaga psychrophila'' — causes peduncle or cold water disease in Brook trout; predisposed by subnormal water temperature. * ''Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' — aerobic cellulolytic soil bacterium that is known for its ability to rapidly glide over surfaces. The mechanism of cellulose digestion is not fully known; however, it is known that ''C. hutchinsonii'' has multiple cell-associated cellulolytic enzymes. Species Previously Classified in ''Cytophaga:'' * ''Flavobacterium columnare'' (previously: ''Cytophaga columnaris)'' — the cause of columnaris disease in salmonid fish, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavobacterium
''Flavobacterium'' is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species. Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish. '' Flavobacterium psychrophilum'' causes the bacterial cold water disease on salmonids and the rainbow trout fry disease on rainbow trout. '' F. columnare'' causes the cotton-wool disease on freshwater fishes. '' F. branchiophilum'' causes the bacterial gill disease on trout. Another member of this genus, '' F. okeanokoites'' is the original source for the type IIs restriction endonuclease ''Fok''I, used in Zinc finger nucleases and TALENs. Nylon-eating bacteria are a strain of ''Flavobacterium'' that is capable of digesting certain by-products of nylon 6 manufacture. Species who are a part of the genus ''Flavobacterium'' are most likely found scattered along in nature. These microbes are mostly found in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
