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Lex (URN)
is a ''URN namespace'', a type of Uniform Resource Name (URN), that allows accurate identification of laws and other legal norms. LexML Brazil and Italy (Civil law countries) already officially recognize the ''URN LEX standard draft v0.9'', as a ''namespace'' for sources of law. Syntax The identifier has a hierarchical structure as follows: :"urn:lex:" where is the ''Namespace Specific String'' composed as follows: :::=":" where: : is the part providing the identification of the jurisdiction, generally corresponding to the country where the source of law is issued. : is the uniform name of the source of law in the country or jurisdiction where it is issued; its internal structure is common to the already adopted schemas. Illustrative examples of sources of law identified by URNs: urn:lex:it:stato:legge:2003-09-21;456 (Italian act) urn:lex:fr:etat:lois:2004-12-06;321 (French act) urn:lex:es:estado:ley:2002-07-12;123 (Spanish act) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uniform Resource Name
A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uses the scheme. URNs are globally unique persistent identifiers assigned within defined namespaces so they will be available for a long period of time, even after the resource which they identify ceases to exist or becomes unavailable. URNs cannot be used to directly locate an item and need not be resolvable, as they are simply templates that another parser may use to find an item. URIs, URNs, and URLs URNs were originally conceived to be part of a three-part information architecture for the Internet, along with Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and Uniform Resource Characteristics (URCs), a metadata framework. As described in RFC 1737 (1994), and later in RFC 2141 (1997), URNs were distinguished from URLs, which identify resources by specifying their locations in the context of a particular access protocol, such as HTTP or FTP. In contrast, URNs were conceived as persistent, location-independent ident ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LexML
The LexML is a joint initiative of the Civil Law legal system countries seeking to establish open standards for the interchange, identification and structuring of legislative and court information, especially official documents. Participated in this initiative are Germany, Brazil, Spain, Italy, through local institutions, with the goal of convergence of national standards and the international standardization of some instruments, such as URN LEX and the use of XML formatting standards and the exchange of its metadata. One of the initial goals of the initiative, later abandoned, was the standardization of a single language (called ''LexML'') for marking of legal normative documents of all participating countries. The name "LexML" derives "lex" prefix (Law in Latin) and the acronym ML (English Markup Language) used as a suffix in XML markup languages schemes. Currently only Brazil LexML initiative called "LexML" to its XML schema. Other former participants migrated to Akoma Nto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from Sovereign state, sovereign countries to Company, companies and unincorporated Club (organization), associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prohibition
Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The word is also used to refer to a period of time during which such bans are enforced. History Some kind of limitation on the trade in alcohol can be seen in the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1772 BCE) specifically banning the selling of beer for money. It could only be bartered for barley: "If a beer seller do not receive barley as the price for beer, but if she receive money or make the beer a measure smaller than the barley measure received, they shall throw her into the water." In the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries and North America came from moralistic convictions of pietistic Protestants. Prohibition movements in the West coincided with the advent of women's su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unique Identifier
A unique identifier (UID) is an identifier that is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose. The concept was formalized early in the development of computer science and information systems. In general, it was associated with an atomic data type. In relational databases, certain attributes of an entity that serve as unique identifiers are called primary keys. In mathematics, set theory uses the concept of '' element indices'' as unique identifiers. Classification There are some main types of unique identifiers, each corresponding to a different generation strategy: # serial numbers, assigned incrementally or sequentially, by a central authority or accepted reference. # random numbers, selected from a number space much larger than the maximum (or expected) number of objects to be identified. Although not really unique, some identifiers of this type may be appropriate for identifying objects in many practical applications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISBN
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier that is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. An ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and variation (except reprintings) of a publication. For example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book will each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is ten digits long if assigned before 2007, and thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007. The method of assigning an ISBN is nation-specific and varies between countries, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN identification format was devised in 1967, based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) created in 1966. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108 (the 9-digit SBN code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Case Law Identifier
The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) is an identifier for court decisions in Europe. The identifier consists of five elements separated by colons: ECLI:''[country code]'':''[court identifier]'':''[year of decision]'':''[specific identifier]''. The standard is laid down in the Council of the European Union, Council Conclusions inviting the introduction of the European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) and a minimum set of uniform metadata for case law of the European Union. The ECLI framework also contains a set of uniform metadata to improve search facilities for case law. Court decisions that have an ECLI assigned can be indexed by thECLI Search Engineof thEuropean e-Justice portal History The concept of ECLI was first launched at the Legal Access Conference (Paris, December 2008) and at Jurix Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law in Florence (December 2008). Around the same time, the study by a task group of the EU Council Working Group on e-Law showed that accessibility ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opaque Data Type
In computer science, an opaque data type is a data type whose concrete data structure is not defined in an interface. This enforces information hiding, since its values can only be manipulated by calling subroutines that have access to the missing information. The concrete representation of the type is hidden from its users, and the visible implementation is incomplete. A data type whose representation is visible is called transparent. Opaque data types are frequently used to implement abstract data types. Typical examples of opaque data types include handles for resources provided by an operating system to application software. For example, the POSIX standard for threads defines an application programming interface based on a number of opaque types that represent threads or synchronization primitives like mutexes or condition variables. An opaque pointer is a special case of an opaque data type, a datatype that is declared to be a pointer to a record or data structure of som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Legislation Identifier
The European Legislation Identifier (ELI) provides, among others, a solution to uniquely identify and access national and European legislation online. This will guarantee easier access, exchange and reuse of legislation for public authorities, professional users, academics and citizens. ELI paves the way for a semantic web of legal gazettes and official journals. Elements of ELI ELI uses URI Templates (RFC 6570) that carry semantics both from a legal and an end-user point of view. Each Member State will build its own, self-describing URIs using the described components as well as taking into account their specific language requirements. All the components are optional and can be selected based on national requirements and do not have a pre-defined order. To enable the exchange of information the chosen URI template must be documented using the URI template mechanism. Example: :/eli//////////// Metadata In addition to HTTP URIs uniquely identifying legislation ELI encourages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Object Identifier
A digital object identifier (DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). DOIs are an implementation of the Handle System; they also fit within the URI system ( Uniform Resource Identifier). They are widely used to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports, data sets, and official publications. DOIs have also been used to identify other types of information resources, such as commercial videos. A DOI aims to resolve to its target, the information object to which the DOI refers. This is achieved by binding the DOI to metadata about the object, such as a URL where the object is located. Thus, by being actionable and interoperable, a DOI differs from ISBNs or ISRCs which are identifiers only. The DOI system uses the indecs Content Model for representing metadata. The DOI for a document remains fixed over t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
URI Schemes
Uri may refer to: Places * Canton of Uri, a canton in Switzerland * Úri, a village and commune in Hungary * Uri, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province * Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, a town in India * Uri (island), an island off Malakula Island in Vanuatu, South Pacific * Uri, Sardinia, a commune in Italy * Uri, Darfur, capital of the Tunjur kingdom People * Uri (name), a given name * Uri (Bible), two people in the Bible * Aviva Uri (1922–1989), Israeli painter * Eelco Uri (born 1973), Dutch water polo player * Helene Uri (born 1964), Norwegian linguist, novelist and children's writer * Jaan Uri (1875–1942), Estonian politician * Joannes Uri (1724–1796), Hungarian orientalist * Vanessa Uri (1981–2004), Filipina actress known as Halina Perez * Ya'akov Uri (1888–1970), Israeli politician Abbreviations * Ultrasound research interface, software * Uniform Resource Identifier, a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource * United Religions Initiative, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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