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Lactobacilli
The ''Lactobacillaceae'' are a family of lactic acid bacteria. It is the only family in the lactic acid bacteria which includes homofermentative and heterofermentative organisms; in the ''Lactobacillaceae,'' the pathway used for hexose fermentation is a genus-specific trait. ''Lactobacillaceae'' include the homofermentative lactobacilli ''Lactobacillus'', ''Holzapfelia'', ''Amylolactobacillus'', ''Bombilactobacillus'', ''Companilactobacillus'', ''Lapidilactobacillus'', ''Agrilactobacillus'', ''Schleiferilactobacillus'', ''Loigolactobacillus'', ''Lacticaseibacillus'', ''Latilactobacillus'', ''Dellaglioa'', ''Liquorilactobacillus'', ''Ligilactobacillus'', and ''Lactiplantibacillus''; the heterofermentative lactobacilli ''Furfurilactobacillus'', ''Paucilactobacillus'', ''Limosilactobacillus'', ''Fructilactobacillus'', ''Acetilactobacillus'', ''Apilactobacillus'', ''Levilactobacillus'', ''Secundilactobacillus'', and ''Lentilactobacillus,'' which were previously classified in the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactobacillus
''Lactobacillus'' is a genus of Gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. Until 2020, the genus ''Lactobacillus'' comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see below). ''Lactobacillus'' species constitute a significant component of the human and animal microbiota at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system, and the female genital system. In women of European ancestry, ''Lactobacillus'' species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota. ''Lactobacillus'' forms biofilms in the vaginal and gut microbiota, allowing them to persist during harsh environmental conditions and maintain ample populations. ''Lactobacillus'' exhibits a mutualistic relationship with the human body, as it protects the host against potential invasions by pathogens, and in turn, the host provides a source of nutrien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limosilactobacillus
''Limosilactobacillus'' is a thermophilic and heterofermentative genus of lactic acid bacteria created in 2020 by splitting from ''Lactobacillus''. The name is derived from the Latin "slimy", referring to the property of most strains in the genus to produce exopolysaccharides from sucrose. The genus currently includes 31 species or subspecies, most of these were isolated from the intestinal tract of humans or animals. ''Limosilactobacillus reuteri'' has been used as a model organism to evaluate the host-adaptation of lactobacilli to the human and animal intestine and for the recruitment of intestinal lactobacilli for food fermentations. Limosilactobacilli are heterofermentative and produce lactate, CO2, and acetate or ethanol from glucose; several limosilactobacilli, particularly strains of ''Lm. reuteri'' convert glycerol or 1,2-propanediol to 1,3 propanediol or propanol, respectively. Most strains do not grow in presence of oxygen, or in de Man, Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pediococcus
''Pediococcus'' is a genus of gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae. They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera ''Aerococcus'' and ''Tetragenococcus''. They are purely homofermentative. ''Pediococcus dextrinicus'' has recently been reassigned to the genus '' Lapidilactobacillus''. Food processing ''Pediococcus'' is, along with other lactic acid bacteria such as ''Leuconostoc'' and ''Lactobacillus'', responsible for the fermentation of cabbage, making it sauerkraut. In this process, the sugars in fresh cabbage are fermented to lactic acid, which gives sauerkraut a sour flavour and good keeping qualities. ''Pediococcus'' bacteria are usually considered contaminants of beer and wine, although their presence is sometimes desired in beer styles such as lambic and Berliner Weisse. Certain ''Pediococcus'' isolates produce diacetyl which gives a buttery or buttersc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leuconostoc
''Leuconostoc'' is a genus of gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae. They are generally ovoid cocci often forming chains. ''Leuconostoc'' spp. are intrinsically resistant to vancomycin and are catalase-negative (which distinguishes them from staphylococci). All species within this genus are heterofermentative and are able to produce dextran from sucrose. They are generally slime-forming. Blamed for causing the 'stink' when creating a sourdough starter, some species are also capable of causing human infection. Because they are an uncommon cause of disease in humans, standard commercial identification kits are often unable to identify the organism. ''Leuconostoc'' spp., along with other lactic acid bacteria such as ''Pediococcus'' and ''Lactobacillus'', are responsible for the fermentation of cabbage, making it sauerkraut. In this process, fresh cabbage is fermented in a light brine, where the sugars in the cabbage are transformed by lactofermentat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squamous
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellular matrix. Epithelial tissues line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. There are three principal shapes of epithelial cell: squamous (scaly), columnar, and cuboidal. These can be arranged in a singular layer of cells as simple epithelium, either squamous, columnar, or cuboidal, or in layers of two or more cells deep as stratified (layered), or ''compound'', either squamous, columnar or cuboidal. In some tissues, a layer of columnar cells may appear to be stratified due to the placement of the nuclei. This sort of tissue is called pseudostratified. All glands are made up of epithelia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactiplantibacillus
''Lactiplantibacillus'' is a genus of lactic acid bacteria. Species The genus ''Lactiplantibacillus'' comprises the following species: * '' Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis'' (Bringel ''et al''. 2005) Liu and Gu 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus daoliensis'' (Liu and Gu 2019) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus daowaiensis'' (Liu and Gu 2019) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus dongliensis'' (Liu and Gu 2019) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans'' (De Bruyne ''et al''. 2009) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus garii'' Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus herbarum'' (Mao ''et al''. 2015) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus modestisalitolerans'' (Miyashita ''et al''. 2015) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus mudanjiangensis'' (Gu ''et al''. 2013) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus nangangensis'' (Liu and Gu 2019) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum'' (Curk '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paucilactobacillus
''Paucilactobacillus'' is a genus of lactic acid bacteria. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature ... and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences. References Lactobacillaceae Bacteria genera {{Lactobacilli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paralactobacillus
''Paralactobacillus selangorensis'' is a species of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillales are an order of gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod-shaped (bacilli) or spherical (cocci) bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacte .... References Lactobacillaceae {{Lactobacilli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oenococcus
''Oenococcus'' is a genus of gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family Lactobacillaceae. The only species in the genus was ''Oenococcus oeni'' (which was known as ''Leuconostoc oeni'' until 1995). In 2006, the species ''Oenococcus kitaharae'' was identified. As its name implies, ''Oenococcus oeni'' holds major importance in the field of oenology, where it is the primary bacterium involved in completing malolactic fermentation Malolactic conversion (also known as malolactic fermentation or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid. Malolactic fermentation is most often p .... References Lactobacillaceae Bacteria genera {{Lactobacilli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loigolactobacillus
''Loigolactobacillus'' is a genus of lactic acid bacteria. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature ... and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences. References Lactobacillaceae Bacteria genera {{Lactobacilli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquorilactobacillus
''Liquorilactobacillus'' is a genus of lactic acid bacteria. Species The genus comprises the following species: * '' Liquorilactobacillus aquaticus'' (Mañes-Lázaro ''et al''. 2009) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus cacaonum'' (De Bruyne ''et al''. 2009) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus capillatus'' (Chao ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus ghanensis'' (Nielsen ''et al''. 2007) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus hordei'' (Rouse ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus mali'' (Carr and Davies 1970) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus nagelii'' (Edwards ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus oeni'' (Mañes-Lázaro ''et al''. 2009) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis'' (Endo and Okada 2005) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus sicerae'' (Puertas ''et al''. 2014) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Liquorilactobacillus sucico ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligilactobacillus
''Ligilactobacillus'' is a genus of lactic acid bacteria associated with vertebrate hosts, formed through the 2020 division of the ''Lactobacillus'' genus. Most of these homofermentative species are motile and express urease to survive gastric acids, making them popular choices for probiotics. The G/C content of this genus varies between 32.5-43.3%. Species The genus ''Ligilactobacillus'' comprises the following species: * '' Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis'' (Tanasupawat ''et al''. 2000) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ligilactobacillus agilis'' (Weiss ''et al''. 1982) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ligilactobacillus animalis'' (Dent and Williams 1983) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ligilactobacillus apodemi'' (Osawa ''et al''. 2006) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ligilactobacillus araffinosus'' (Fujisawa ''et al''. 1986) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ligilactobacillus aviarius'' (Fujisawa ''et al''. 1985) Zheng ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ligilactobacillus ceti'' (Vela ''et al''. 2008) Zheng ''et al''. 202 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
