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Kazhuoish Languages
The Kazhuoish languages are a branch of Loloish languages proposed by Lama (2012). There are five languages. * Katso * Samu * Sanie *Sadu * Meuma Samei may or may not be a Kazhuoish language. However, Bradley (2007) classifies the Kazhuoish languages as Northern Loloish The Northern Loloish languages, also known as Northern Ngwi, are a branch of the Loloish languages that includes the literary standard of the Yi people. In Lama's (2012) classification, it is called ''Nisoid'' (''Nisu–Lope''), which forms the ..., and considers Samu and Sanie to be closely related to Nasu.Bradley, David. 2007. East and Southeast Asia. In Moseley, Christopher (ed.), Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 349-424. London & New York: Routledge. References * {{Lolo-Burmese languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, autonomous regions of Guangxi, and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet as well as Southeast Asian countries: Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys by as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibeto-Burman Languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail. Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. History During the 18th century, several scholars noticed parallels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lolo–Burmese Languages
The Lolo-Burmese languages (also Burmic languages) of Burma and Southern China form a coherent branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Names Until ca. 1950, the endonym ''Lolo'' was written with derogatory characters in Chinese, and for this reason has sometimes been avoided. Shafer (1966–1974) used the term "Burmic" for the Lolo-Burmese languages. The Chinese term is ''Mian–Yi'', after the Chinese name for Burmese and one of several words for Tai, reassigned to replace ''Lolo'' by the Chinese government after 1950. Possible languages The position of Naxi (Moso) within the family is unclear, and it is often left as a third branch besides Loloish and Burmish. Lama (2012) considers it to be a branch of Loloish, while Guillaume Jacques has suggested that it is a Qiangic language. The Pyu language that preceded Burmese in Burma is sometimes linked to the Lolo-Burmese family, but there is no good evidence for any particular classification, and it is best left unclassified withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loloish Languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, subclassification is more contentious. SIL Ethnologue (2013 edition) estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Ngwi languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers (2000 PRC census). Names ''Loloish'' is the traditional name for the family. Some publications avoid the term under the misapprehension that ''Lolo'' is pejorative, but it is the Chinese rendition of the autonym of the Yi people and is pejorative only when it is written with a particular Chinese character (one that uses a beast, rather than a human, radical), a practice that was prohibited by the Chinese g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katso Language
Katso, also known as Kazhuo (autonyms: ', '; ), is a Loloish language of Xingmeng Township (兴蒙乡), Tonghai County, Yunnan, China. The speakers are officially classified as ethnic Mongols, although they speak a Loloish The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relat ... language. Katso speakers call themselves ' (卡卓) or ' (嘎卓) (''Kazhuoyu Yanjiu''). Lama (2012) lists the following sound changes from Proto-Loloish as Kazhuoish innovations. * *x- > s- * *mr- > z- References Further reading * Donlay, Chris. A Grammar of Khatso. De Gruyter Mouton, 2019. {{Lolo-Burmese languages Loloish languages Languages of China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samu Language
The Samu (autonym: '; ) language, or Samatao ('; Chinese 撒马多 ''Samaduo''), also known as Eastern Samadu, is a Loloish language spoken by older adults in Zijun Village 子君村 (also called Da'er), Yiliu Township 矣六乡, Guandu District 官渡区, Kunming Kunming (; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headquar ..., China. Although there was an ethnic population of 2,465 in 1999, there are no fluent speakers under 50 years of age.Bradley, David. 2005. "Sanie and language loss in China".''International Journal of the Sociology of Language''. Volume 2005, Issue 173, Pp. 159–176. References {{Lolo-Burmese languages Loloish languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanie Language
Sanie (autonym: ' or ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is similar to Samataw. There were 17,320 ethnic Sanie in 1998, but only about 8,000 spoke the Sanie language fluently. The Sanie are also known as the ''White Yi'' (白彝) (Bradley 1997). A Sanie ''pinyin'' orthography had also been developed recently (Bradley 2005). Names *Ngwi, David Bradley's reconstruction for the autonym of Loloish speakers, is based on the Sanie autonym ' (also pronounced ' by some speakers) (Bradley 2005). Proto-Ngwi *ŋw- changed into '- or '- in most modern Loloish languages. Dialects Bradley (2005) reports significant variation in the Sanie language, and briefly compares the following 6 dialects. * East: Zhaozong 昭宗 (also in Huahongyuan and Yuhua) * Southeast: Chejiabi 车家壁 (also in Shiju) * Northeast: Gulu 古律 * North: Qinghe 清河 * Northwest: Luomian 罗免 * Southwest: Tuoji 妥吉 Bradley (2005) notes that the Sanie varieties spoken in the plains of Xishan District ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadu Language
Sadu (autonym: ' (Bai 2012:9)) is a Loloish language of Yuxi, central Yunnan, China. Classification Bai (2012) classifies Sadu as a Hani ( Hanoish Southern Loloish) language, although the speakers are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Bai.http://portal.cohass.ntu.edu.sg/ICSTLL45/Documents/Abstracts%20Book%20ICSTLL45-Oct16.pdf Fang (2013) notes that Sadu shares many similarities with Samu (Zijun), and classifies Sadu as a Southeastern Yi language. Distribution Sadu speakers live in 3 villages in Hongta District, Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan (Bai 2012:3). *Xincun 新村, Boyi Village 波衣村, Chunhe Township 春和镇 (autonym: Suonapo 所那泼) *Dashuitang 大水塘, Boyi Village 波衣村, Chunhe Township 春和镇 (autonym: Tatapo 塔塔泼) *Jiaoyuan 椒园, Dashiban Village 大石板村, Beicheng Township 北城镇 (autonym: Lilepo 哩期泼) There are also Sadu people who have lost use of the Sadu language is the following locations (Bai 2012:5, 29 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meuma Language
Meuma (autonym: ') is a Loloish language spoken in Xinzhai 新寨, Mada Village 马达村, Daping Township 大坪镇, Malipo County Malipo County (, vi, Ma Lật Pha) is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the southeast of Yunnan province, China, bordering Ha Giang Province to the southeast. Administrative divisions In the presen ..., Yunnan. There are several semi-fluent elderly speakers, with no fluent speakers left.Hsiu, Andrew. 2013. New endangered Tibeto-Burman languages of southwestern China: Mondzish, Longjia, Pherbu, and others'. Presented at ICSTLL 46, Dartmouth College. The Meuma are also called Mengwu 孟武 by the Han Chinese (''Malipo County Gazetteer'' 麻栗坡县志 (2000)). Classification Meuma is most closely related to Samu, Sanie, and Katso of central Yunnan, thus belonging to Lama's Kazhuoish branch (Hsiu 2013, 2017). References Sources *Hsiu, Andrew. 2013. New endangered Tibeto-Burman languages of so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samei Language
Samei (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China closely related to Sani (Bradley 2005). It is spoken in 47 villages in and around Ala Township 阿拉彝族乡, just southeast of downtown Kunming Kunming (; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headquar ..., as well as in 7 villages in western Yiliang County (''Ethnologue''). There are about 20,000 speakers out of an estimated 28,000 ethnic population. Samei lexical data is also documented in Satterthwaite-Phillips (2011). References * *Satterthwaite-Phillips, Damian. 2011. ''Phylogenetic inference of the Tibeto-Burman languages or On the usefulness of lexicostatistics (and "Megalo"-comparison) for the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman''. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University. Loloish languages Languages of China {{st-lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Loloish Languages
The Northern Loloish languages, also known as Northern Ngwi, are a branch of the Loloish languages that includes the literary standard of the Yi people. In Lama's (2012) classification, it is called ''Nisoid'' (''Nisu–Lope''), which forms the Nisoish languages, Nisoish branch together with the ''Axi-Puoid'' (Southeastern Loloish) languages. Languages Two of the six Yi people, Yi languages (''fangyan'' 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government belong to the Northern Loloish branch. *Northern Yi (Nuosu language, Nuosu 诺苏) *Eastern Yi (Nasu language, Nasu 纳苏) Another officially recognized Yi language (''fangyan''), Southern Yi (Nisu language, Nisu 尼苏), may or may not be a Northern Loloish language, as Pelkey (2011) classifies it as a Southeastern Loloish language based on phonological innovations shared with Southeastern instead of Northern Loloish languages. Other Northern Loloish languages are listed below. *Aluo language, Aluo is close to Nasu. *Chesu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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