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Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer
Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer (September 5, 1874–June 14, 1952) was a German malacologist, banker, and patron of the arts. Early life Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer was born in Kassel to the banker August Ludwig Heinrich Pfeiffer (November 3, 1845 - 1892) and his wife Regine Amalie Wilhelmine Georgine Louise (née Hellwig; March 25, 1849-1932). He was the couple's eldest child and only son. He was not a particularly studious child, but he did express an interest in the natural world from an early age. When he was thirteen, Karl spent several months at Norderney in the East Frisian Islands recovering from a respiratory illness, and he credited his burgeoning interest in malacology and conchology to the many days he spent alone there, collecting shells along the deserted sea coast. He brought his shell collection back with him to Kassel, where his father noticed this new interest. At this point, August introduced Karl to Clessin's , the works of Haeckel and Darwin, and finally explained to Karl the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kassel
Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020. The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks, including the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kassel is also known for the '' documenta'' exhibitions of contemporary art. Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background). History Kassel was first mentioned in 913 AD, as the place where two deeds were signed by King Conrad I. The place was called ''Chasella'' or ''Chassalla'' and was a fortification at a bridge crossing the Fulda river. There are several yet unproven assumptions of the name's origin. It could be derived from the ancient ''Castellum Cattorum'', a castle of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Pfeiffer
Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, also known as Louis Pfeiffer (4 July 1805 – 2 October 1877), was a German physician, botanist and conchologist. Early life, Education & Medical Career Louis Pfeiffer was born in Cassel, the eldest son of the jurist Burkhard Wilhelm Pfeiffer and his wife Louise (née Harnier). Pfeiffer received his primary education in the Cassel Lyceum, where he distinguished himself academically, and by the age of fifteen was already at the top of his class. In 1820, political tensions forced his father to relocate the family to Lübeck, but Louis continued to excel, reaching the top of his class there as well. At the age of sixteen, Pfeiffer entered into university to study medicine, first at the University of Göttingen, and finally at the University of Marburg, where he studied under such prominent scientists as Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth and Ernst Daniel August Bartels, graduating in 1825.Hodvina, Sylvain. Carl Georg Ludwig (Louis) Pfeiffer', 30 Oct. 2020. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disconto-Gesellschaft
The Disconto-Gesellschaft (full name: Direktion der Disconto-Gesellschaft), with headquarters in Berlin, was founded in 1851. It was, until its 1929 merger into Deutsche Bank, one of the largest German banking organizations. History It was founded in 1851 as a “credit partnership,” and in 1856 was changed into a limited liability, joint-stock company under the name of “Direktion der Disconto-Gesellschaft,” with a capital of 30,000,000 marks. Its founder was David Hansemann, later Prussian Minister of Finance. Since 1857 also his son Adolph von Hansemann worked in the bank of his father. Its purpose and earliest activities were in the fostering of current account business and the underwriting of German state and local loans and railway shares. In 1890, a branch was opened in London, from which time dated the institution's activities in overseas matters. In 1901, on the liquidation of the house of M. A. Rothschild & Sons of Frankfurt am Main, a branch was established in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a Tradesman, trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners to gain a license to practice in a regulated occupation. Most of their training is done while working for an employer who helps the apprentices learn their trade or profession, in exchange for their continued labor for an agreed period after they have achieved measurable competencies. Apprenticeship lengths vary significantly across sectors, professions, roles and cultures. In some cases, people who successfully complete an apprenticeship can reach the "journeyman" or professional certification level of competence. In other cases, they can be offered a permanent job at the company that provided the placement. Although the formal boundaries and terminology of the apprentice/journeyman/master system often do not extend outside guilds and tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Economics
Classical economics, classical political economy, or Smithian economics is a school of thought in political economy that flourished, primarily in Britain, in the late 18th and early-to-mid 19th century. Its main thinkers are held to be Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus, and John Stuart Mill. These economists produced a theory of market economies as largely self-regulating systems, governed by natural laws of production and exchange (famously captured by Adam Smith's metaphor of the invisible hand). Adam Smith's ''The Wealth of Nations'' in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics.Smith, Adam (1776) An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations. (accessible by table of contents chapter titles) AdamSmith.org The fundamental message in Smith's book was that the wealth of any nation was determined not by the gold in the monarch's coffers, but by its national income. This income was in turn based on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frankfurt-am-Main
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian dialects, Hessian: , "Franks, Frank ford (crossing), ford on the Main (river), Main"), is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the List of cities in Germany by population, fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its namesake Main (river), Main River, it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighboring city of Offenbach am Main and Frankfurt Rhein-Main Regional Authority, its urban area has a population of over 2.3 million. The city is the heart of the larger Rhine-Main metropolitan region, which has a population of more than 5.6 million and is Germany's Metropolitan regions in Germany, second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr region. Frankfurt's central business district, the Bankenviertel, lies about northwest of the geographic centre of the EU, geographic center of the EU at Gadheim, Lower Franconia. Like France and Franc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tandonia Nigra
''Tandonia nigra'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Milacidae. Distribution This slug species is endemic to north Italy and south Switzerland: Monte Generoso and Baraghetto peaks, east and west slopes, between Lake Como and Lugano lake. The type locality is the peak of Monte Generoso, a mentioned altitude of 1695 m above sea level. This species is known only from mountains peaks and east- and west- exposed slopes, at 1500–1700 m. It is an endemic species with a small range. The Swiss habitats are threatened by mass tourism; this species is Critically Endangered in Switzerland. Description The slug is basically black, although the mantle is cream with very dense black spots. The tentacles are white with black dots, and when they are contracted they appear black. The neck and anterior sides are a dirty cream in color, as is the sole of the foot. The body length of preserved specimens is up to 35&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The Alpine arch generally extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than . The altitude and size of the range affect the climate in Europe; in the mountains, precipitation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusks
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Kobelt
Wilhelm Kobelt (20 February 1840 – 26 March 1916) was a German zoologist born in Alsfeld, Grand Duchy of Hesse. He specialized in the field of malacology. Kobelt is remembered for his work as curator of the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main. Several species of mollusk contain his name, including '' Fusinus kobelti'' (Kobelt's spindle), '' Cymatium kobelti'' and '' Hyalinia kobelti''. '' Kobeltia'', a subgenus of '' Arion'' slugs, is named in honor of him. Selected publications * ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'', 1868 - Archive of malacology. * ''Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft'', 1874 - Yearbook of the German Malaco-zoology Society. * ''Illustrirtes conchylienbuch'', 1876 - Illustrated book of conchology. * ''Reiseerinnerungen aus Algerien und Tunis'', 1885 - Travel memoirs of Algeria and Tunis. * Prodromus faunae molluscorum testaceorum maria europaea inhabitantium, 1886. * ''Studien zur Zoogeographie'', 1897 - Zoogeographical studies. * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Boettger
Oskar Boettger (german: Böttger; 31 March 1844 – 25 September 1910) was a German zoologist who was a native of Frankfurt am Main. He was an uncle of the noted malacologist Caesar Rudolf Boettger (1888–1976). From 1863 to 1866 he studied at the Bergakademie Freiberg, then worked for a year in a chemical factory in Frankfurt am Main."Boettger, Oskar" p. 410. In: (1955). '' Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 2''. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. . (in German). In 1869 he received his doctorate from the . The following year (1870), he became a |
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