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Jeongan
Jeongan or Ding'an (; ko, 정안국; 938–986) was a successor state of Balhae (Bohai) founded by Yeol Man-hwa (Lie Wanhua). Establishment and Downfall The early history of Jeongan is mostly unknown. Large number of rebels emerged on the former Balhae territories after the kingdom's conquest by the Liao dynasty in 926, although most were quickly defeated by Liao forces. General Yeol Manhwa (Lie Wanhua) established Jeongan in the mid-930s, at a time when the Liao puppet state of Dongdan was abolished and the main Liao forces left the region. Jeongan is recorded to have enlisted the assistance of neighboring tribes with the hopes of overthrowing the Liao dynasty, but apparently failed to do so. The Yeol clan was replaced by the Oh clan in 976, and was ruled by Oh Hyeon-myeong (Wu Xuanming) until before it was finally destroyed by the Liao dynasty in 986 CE. Jeongan only entered historical records because of its contact with the Song dynasty. In 970, the king paid tribute t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liao Dynasty
The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people. Founded around the time of the collapse of the Tang dynasty, at its greatest extent it ruled over Northeast China, the Mongolian Plateau, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, southern portions of the Russian Far East, and the northern tip of the North China Plain. The dynasty had a history of territorial expansion. The most important early gains was the Sixteen Prefectures (including present-day Beijing and part of Hebei) by fueling a proxy war that led to the collapse of the Later Tang dynasty (923–936). In 1004, the Liao dynasty launched an imperial expedition against the Northern Song dynasty. After heavy fighting and large casualties between the two empires, both sides worked out the Chanyuan Trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeol Man-hwa
Yeol Man-hwa or Lie Wanhua (; ) (?–976, r. 938–976) was the first king of Jeongan (Ding'an), a successor state to the kingdom of Balhae (Bohai), centered near the Yalu River. Biography Yeol Man-hwa served a general of Later Balhae (Later Bohai), after the fall of Balhae to the Liao dynasty. In 938, Yeol overthrew the ruling Dae clan and proclaimed himself as the king of the state of Jeongan, with the aid of Oh Je-hyeon (오제현; 烏濟顯) and the Oh clan. In 970, King Yeol Man-hwa sent tribute to the Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ... during the reign of Emperor Taizu. However, in 976, Yeol Man-hwa himself was overthrown by the Oh clan, by Oh Je-hyeon's descendant, Oh Hyeon-myeong (Wu Xuanming). External links * *{{cite web , author1=한규철 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeol Manhwa
Yeol Man-hwa or Lie Wanhua (; ) (?–976, r. 938–976) was the first king of Jeongan (Ding'an), a successor state to the kingdom of Balhae (Bohai), centered near the Yalu River. Biography Yeol Man-hwa served a general of Later Balhae (Later Bohai), after the fall of Balhae to the Liao dynasty. In 938, Yeol overthrew the ruling Dae clan and proclaimed himself as the king of the state of Jeongan, with the aid of Oh Je-hyeon (오제현; 烏濟顯) and the Oh clan. In 970, King Yeol Man-hwa sent tribute to the Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ... during the reign of Emperor Taizu. However, in 976, Yeol Man-hwa himself was overthrown by the Oh clan, by Oh Je-hyeon's descendant, Oh Hyeon-myeong (Wu Xuanming). External links * *{{cite web , author1=한규철 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balhae
Balhae ( ko, 발해, zh, c=渤海, p=Bóhǎi, russian: Бохай, translit=Bokhay, ), also rendered as Bohai, was a multi-ethnic kingdom whose land extends to what is today Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East. It was established in 698 by Dae Joyeong (Da Zuorong) and originally known as the Kingdom of Jin (Zhen) until 713 when its name was changed to Balhae. Balhae's early history involved a rocky relationship with the Tang dynasty that saw military and political conflict, but by the end of the 8th century the relationship had become cordial and friendly. The Tang dynasty would eventually recognize Balhae as the "Prosperous Country of the East". Numerous cultural and political exchanges were made. Balhae was conquered by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in 926. Balhae survived as a distinct population group for another three centuries in the Liao and Jin dynasties before disappearing under Mongol rule. The history of the founding of the state, its e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Later Balhae
Later Balhae or Later Bohai (927–935) was a state hypothesized to have existed in Manchuria. It emerged after Balhae(Bohai) was destroyed by the Liao dynasty. Later Balhae is considered by some to be the first of several successor states to Balhae after its fall to the Liao dynasty in 926. The existence of Later Balhae was first proposed by Japanese scholar Hino Kaizaburo in 1943 and subsequently supported by some South Korean scholars. Outside of South Korea, "Later Balhae" is usually understood as a name for the kingdom of Dongdan or other polities on the former territory of Balhae. History After the fall of Balhae, part of the land was annexed by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, and part was incorporated into the Liao vassal Dongdan Kingdom, and the rest was inhabited by the Koguryo people who retained independence. The conquered people of Balhae immediately began rebelling against the Liao dynasty. Starting in 927, the Khitans had begun to hunt down and execute all members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heungyo
Xingliao or Heungyo (; ko, 흥요국; 1029–1030) was a state founded by Da Yanlin (Dae Yeon-rim), a Liao dynasty rebel, who was the 7th-generation descendant of Dae Joyeong, the founder of Balhae (Bohai). History In the summer of 1029, Da Yanlin rebelled at the Eastern Capital (Liaoyang), where he had served as a general. He imprisoned minister Xiao Xiaoxian and his wife, and killed the tax commissioners and chief military commander. Da declared himself the Tianxing Emperor (天興皇帝) of his own Xingliao dynasty (興遼國/흥료국 and proclaimed the era name "Tianqing" (天慶). Da sent an ambassador requesting military support from Goryeo. Goryeo sent some troops against the Liao but the Khitans repelled them and expelled the Goryeo army. Further ambassadors were sent by Xingliao to Goryeo seeking aid but Goryeo refused to help them owing to the advice of nobles and scholars to the Goryeo king. Other Balhae people serving in the Liao military also refused to join Xin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarch
A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the Sovereign state, state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Usually a monarch either personally inheritance, inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as ''the throne'' or ''the Crown, the crown'') or is elective monarchy, selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may self-proclaimed monarchy, proclaim themself monarch, which may be backed and Legitimacy (political), legitimated through acclamation, right of conquest or a combination of means. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most of the Korean peninsula, large parts of Manchuria and parts of eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Along with Baekje and Silla, Goguryeo was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan. The ''Samguk sagi'', a 12th-century text from Goryeo, indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BC by Jumong (), a prince from Buyeo, who was enthroned as Dongmyeong. Goguryeo was one of the great powers in East Asia, until its defeat by a Silla–Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yeon Gaesomun (). After its fall, its territory w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Former Countries In Chinese History
A former is an object, such as a template, gauge or cutting Cutting is the separation or opening of a physical object, into two or more portions, through the application of an acutely directed force. Implements commonly used for wikt:cut, cutting are the knife and saw, or in medicine and science the scal ... die, which is used to form something such as a boat's Hull (watercraft), hull. Typically, a former gives shape to a structure that may have complex curvature. A former may become an integral part of the finished structure, as in an aircraft fuselage, or it may be removable, being using in the construction process and then discarded or re-used. Aircraft formers Formers are used in the construction of aircraft fuselage, of which a typical fuselage has a series from the nose to the empennage, typically perpendicular to the Flight control surfaces#Longitudinal_axis, longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The primary purpose of formers is to establish the shape of the fuselage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Manchuria
Manchuria is a region in East Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, "Manchuria" can refer either to a region falling entirely within present-day China, or to a larger region today divided between Northeast China and the Russian Far East. To differentiate between the two parts following the latter definition, the Russian part is also known as Outer Manchuria, while the Chinese part is known as Inner Manchuria. Manchuria is the homeland of the Manchu people. "Manchu" is a name introduced by Hong Taiji of the Qing dynasty in 1636 for the Jurchen people, a Tungusic people. The population grew from about 1 million in 1750 to 5 million in 1850 and to 14 million in 1900, largely because of the immigration of Han farmers. Lying at the juncture of the Chinese, Japanese and Russian spheres of influence, Manchuria has been a hotbed of conflict since the late-19th century. The Russian Empire established control over the northern part of Manchuria in 1860 ( Beijing Treaty); it b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
938 Establishments
Year 938 ( CMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – The Hungarian army invades Northern Italy with the permission of King Hugh of Arles. They cross the Apennines, and sack the Lombard lands in Tuscany, Lazio and Campania. Finally, the Hungarians are defeated at Wolfenbüttel by a Saxon army. * July – King Otto I besieges the fortress of Eresburg. He defeats his half-brother Thankmar and kills him as he tries to find sanctuary. Eberhard III, duke of Franconia, is banished and replaced by his uncle Berthold. * Fall – Otto I defeats in two campaigns a series of uprisings in Saxony, Franconia and Lotharingia.Timothy Reuter (1999). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III'', p. 245. . He signs a "friendship pact" with King Louis IV ("d'Outremer") of the West Frankish Kingdom. Asia * Battle of Bach Dang: Vietnamese forces defeat an invad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Song (Yuan Dynasty)
The ''History of Song'' or ''Song Shi'' () is one of the official Chinese historical works known as the ''Twenty-Four Histories'' of China that records the history of the Song dynasty (960–1279). It was commissioned in 1343 and compiled under the direction of First Minister Toqto'a and Prime Minister Alutu () during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) at the same time as the ''History of Liao'' and the ''History of Jin''. Running to a total of 496 chapters, the ''History of Song'' includes biographies of the Song Emperors along with contemporary records and biographical sketches of Song dynasty politicians, soldiers and philosophers. Publication process Kublai Khan endorsed a proposal by Liu Bingzhong and Wang E (, 1190–1273) for the compilation of historic records of the Song, Jin, and Liao dynasties but the compilation effort stalled for some time. In March 1343, the third year of Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan's Zhizheng Era (), an Imperial edict ordered the creatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
