Later Balhae or Later Bohai (927–935) was a state hypothesized to have existed in
Manchuria
Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym " Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East (Outer Manc ...
. It emerged after
Balhae
Balhae ( ko, 발해, zh, c=渤海, p=Bóhǎi, russian: Бохай, translit=Bokhay, ), also rendered as Bohai, was a multi-ethnic kingdom whose land extends to what is today Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East. It wa ...
(Bohai) was destroyed by the
Liao dynasty
The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü ...
. Later Balhae is considered by some to be the first of several successor states to Balhae after its fall to the Liao dynasty in 926.
The existence of Later Balhae was first proposed by Japanese scholar Hino Kaizaburo in 1943 and subsequently supported by some South Korean scholars. Outside of South Korea, "Later Balhae" is usually understood as a name for the kingdom of
Dongdan or other polities on the former territory of Balhae.
History
After the fall of Balhae, part of the land was annexed by the
Khitan-led Liao dynasty, and part was incorporated into the Liao vassal
Dongdan Kingdom
The Dongdan Kingdom (926–936) (; Khitan language: Dan Gur,) was a puppet kingdom established by the Liao dynasty to rule the former realm of Balhae (Bohai) in eastern Manchuria.
History
After conquering Balhae (Bohai) in 926, the Liao crow ...
, and the rest was inhabited by the Koguryo people who retained independence. The conquered people of Balhae immediately began rebelling against the Liao dynasty.
Starting in 927, the Khitans had begun to hunt down and execute all members of the royal family in order to destroy any chance of a new ruler to take the throne. However, several members of the royal family survived.
Among them were Crown Prince
Dae Gwang-hyeon
Dae Gwang-hyeon (대광현, 大光顯, ? ~ ?) was the last Crown Prince of Balhae and a member of the Balhae Royal Family, and was the leader of the Balhae refugees who sought refuge in the Korean Kingdom of Goryeo.
Biography
Dae Gwang-hyeon ...
. The Crown Prince took Balhae refugees, mostly former
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most ...
people, and escaped down to their southern neighbor,
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificati ...
, where the newly-risen King
Taejo of Goryeo
Taejo of Goryeo (31 January 877 – 4 July 943), also known as Taejo Wang Geon (; ), was the founder of the Goryeo dynasty, which ruled Korea from the 10th to the 14th century. Taejo ruled from 918 to 943, achieving unification of the Later Three ...
accepted them with generosity.
The Dae clan then united the western
Amnok River
The Yalu River, known by Koreans as the Amrok River or Amnok River, is a river on the border between North Korea and China. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the China–North Ko ...
resistance groups and established "Later Balhae" at Holohan Fortress, in 927.
However, general Yeol Manhwa took control in a coup and established
Jeongan
Jeongan or Ding'an (; ko, 정안국; 938–986) was a successor state of Balhae (Bohai) founded by Yeol Man-hwa (Lie Wanhua).
Establishment and Downfall
The early history of Jeongan is mostly unknown. Large number of rebels emerged on the f ...
(Ding'an) in 935.
See also
*
Balhae
Balhae ( ko, 발해, zh, c=渤海, p=Bóhǎi, russian: Бохай, translit=Bokhay, ), also rendered as Bohai, was a multi-ethnic kingdom whose land extends to what is today Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East. It wa ...
*
Jeongan
Jeongan or Ding'an (; ko, 정안국; 938–986) was a successor state of Balhae (Bohai) founded by Yeol Man-hwa (Lie Wanhua).
Establishment and Downfall
The early history of Jeongan is mostly unknown. Large number of rebels emerged on the f ...
*
Heungyo
Xingliao or Heungyo (; ko, 흥요국; 1029–1030) was a state founded by Da Yanlin (Dae Yeon-rim), a Liao dynasty rebel, who was the 7th-generation descendant of Dae Joyeong, the founder of Balhae (Bohai).
History
In the summer of 1029, Da Y ...
References
External links
*{{Cite web, url=https://history.wikireading.ru/76350, title=Всемирная история: в 6 томах. Том 2: Средневековые цивилизации Запада и Востока, date=2010-09-12, website=Разделы, access-date=2019-01-04
Balhae
History of Manchuria
Former countries in Chinese history
Former countries in Korean history