Xingliao or Heungyo (; ko, 흥요국; 1029–1030) was a state founded by Da Yanlin (Dae Yeon-rim), a

Liao dynasty The Liao dynasty (; Khitan language, Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that exi ...

rebel, who was the 7th-generation descendant of

Dae Joyeong Dae Joyeong (died 719) (; or in Korean) or Da Zuorong (大祚榮, 大祚荣, in Chinese), also known as King Go (; in Korean; Gao in Chinese), established the state of Balhae, reigning from 699 to 719. Life Early life Dae Joyeong wa ...

, the founder of

Balhae Balhae ( ko, 발해, zh, c=渤海, p=Bóhǎi, russian: Бохай, translit=Bokhay, ), also rendered as Bohai, was a multi-ethnic kingdom whose land extends to what is today Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East. It ...

(Bohai).

History

In the summer of 1029, Da Yanlin rebelled at the Eastern Capital (

Liaoyang Liaoyang () is a prefecture-level city of east-central Liaoning province, China, situated on the Taizi River. It is approximately one hour south of Shenyang, the provincial capital, by car. Liaoyang is home to Liaoning University's College of F ...

), where he had served as a general. He imprisoned minister Xiao Xiaoxian and his wife, and killed the tax commissioners and chief military commander. Da declared himself the Tianxing Emperor (天興皇帝) of his own Xingliao dynasty (興遼國/흥료국 and proclaimed the

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of ...

"Tianqing" (天慶). Da sent an ambassador requesting military support from

Goryeo Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificat ...

. Goryeo sent some troops against the Liao but the Khitans repelled them and expelled the Goryeo army. Further ambassadors were sent by Xingliao to Goryeo seeking aid but Goryeo refused to help them owing to the advice of nobles and scholars to the Goryeo king. Other Balhae people serving in the Liao military also refused to join Xingliao. Four groups of ambassadors were sent but the last group, led by Lee Kwang Rok, remained in Goryeo rather than return. Historian Alexander Kim considers this group to be refugees rather than an ambassadorial mission. Instead only a handful of

Jurchens Jurchen (Manchu: ''Jušen'', ; zh, 女真, ''Nǚzhēn'', ) is a term used to collectively describe a number of East Asian Tungusic-speaking peoples, descended from the Donghu people. They lived in the northeast of China, later known as Manch ...

joined Da's regime. Many participants of the rebellion probably realized the weakness of the new dynasty and fled to Goryeo before its collapse. In 1030, Xingliao and its Jurchen and

allies were defeated by a Liao pincer attack led by Punu. One of Da Yanlin's officers, Yang Xiangshi, betrayed him and opened the Eastern Capital's gates to the Khitans. His short lived dynasty came to an end. The old Balhae nobility were resettled near the Supreme Capital while others fled to Goryeo.

Citations

References

* * {{citation , last = Twitchett , first = Denis, title = The Cambridge History of China'', Volume 6,'' Alien Regime and Border States, 907–1368 , chapter = The Liao , pages = 43–153 , year = 1994 , publisher = Cambridge University Press , location=Cambridge , isbn = 0521243319

History

Citations

References

See also