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Jingtai (era)
Jingtai () (14 January 1450 – 14 February 1457) was the era name of the Jingtai Emperor, the seventh emperor of the Ming dynasty of China. It was used for a total of 7 years. On 11 February 1457 (Jingtai 8, 17th day of the 1st month), taking advantage of the opportunity that the Jingtai Emperor was seriously ill and could not come to court, Emperor Yingzong launched the "Duomen Coup" (奪門之變) and restored his imperial throne. On 15 February of the same year (21st day of the 1st month), Emperor Yingzong changed the era name to Tianshun.《明史》卷11：「〔天顺元年〕丙戌，诏赦天下，改景泰八年为天顺元年。」 Comparison table Other eras contemporaneous with Jingtai * China ** ''Dongyang'' (東陽, 1449–1450): Ming period — era name of Huang Xiaoyang (黃蕭養) ** ''Xuanyuan'' (玄元, 1451): Ming period — era name of Zhu Huizha (朱徽煠) ** ''Tianyuan'' (添元, 1453–1457): Oirats — era name of Esen ** ''Tianshun'' (天順, 1456 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Era Name
Chinese era names were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence. Description Chinese era names were titles adopted for the purpose of identifying and numbering years in Imperial China. Era names originated as mottos or slogans chosen by the reigning monarch and usually reflected the political, economic and/or social landscapes at the time. For instance, the first era name proclaimed by the Emperor Wu of Han, ''Jianyuan'' (; lit. "establishing the origin"), was r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jingtai Emperor
The Jingtai Emperor (21 September 1428 – 14 March 1457), born Zhu Qiyu, was the seventh Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1449 to 1457. The second son of the Xuande Emperor, he was selected in 1449 to succeed his elder brother Emperor Yingzong (then reigned as the "Zhengtong Emperor"), when the latter was captured by Mongols following the Tumu Crisis. He reigned for 8 years before being removed from the throne by his elder brother Emperor Yingzong (then reigned as the "Tianshun Emperor"). The Jingtai Emperor's era name, " Jingtai", means "exalted view". He was one of two Ming emperors who was not buried in either the Ming tombs in Beijing or the Xiaoling Mausoleum in Nanjing. Early life The future Jingtai Emperor was born on 21 September 1428 with the name Zhu Qiyu to the Xuande Emperor and Consort Xian. On 3 August 1449, he was appointed regent by his older half-brother, the Zhengtong Emperor. Zhu Qiyu would ascend the throne by the Ming court in 1449 after hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han Chinese, Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Yingzong Of Ming
Emperor Yingzong of Ming (; 29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), personal name Zhu Qizhen (), was the sixth and eighth Emperor of the Ming dynasty. He ascended the throne as the Zhengtong Emperor () in 1435, but was forced to abdicate in 1449, in favour of his younger brother the Jingtai Emperor, after being captured by the Northern Yuan dynasty during the Tumu Crisis. In 1457, he deposed the Jingtai Emperor and ruled again as the Tianshun Emperor () until his death in 1464. First reign Zhu Qizhen was the son of the Xuande Emperor and his second wife Empress Sun. At the beginning of the Zhengtong reign, the Ming dynasty was prosperous and at the height of its power as a result of the Xuande Emperor's able administration. The Zhengtong Emperor's accession at the age of eight made him the first child emperor of the dynasty – hence the Zhengtong Emperor was easily influenced by others, especially the eunuch Wang Zhen. At first, Wang Zhen was kept under control by his father ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianshun (Ming Dynasty)
Tianshun () (15 February 1457 – 26 January 1465) was the second era name of Emperor Yingzong, the sixth emperor of the Ming dynasty of China. Comparison table Other eras contemporaneous with Tianshun * China ** ''Tianyuan'' (添元, 1453–1457): Oirats — era name of Esen ** ''Tianxiu'' (天繡, 1457): Ming period — era name of Wang Bin (王斌) ** ''Wulie'' (武烈, 1460): Ming period — era name of Li Tianbao (李添保) * Vietnam ** ''Diên Ninh'' (延寧, 1454–1459): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Nhân Tông ** ''Thiên Hưng'' (天興 or 天與, 1459–1460): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Nghi Dân ** ''Quang Thuận'' (光順, 1460–1469): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thánh Tông * Japan ** ''Kōshō'' (康正, 1455–1457): era name of Emperor Go-Hanazono ** ''Chōroku'' (長禄, 1457–1460): era name of Emperor Go-Hanazono ** ''Kanshō'' (寛正, 1460–1466): era name of Emperor Go-Hanazono and Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado See also * L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oirats
Oirats ( mn, Ойрад, ''Oirad'', or , Oird; xal-RU, Өөрд; zh, 瓦剌; in the past, also Eleuths) are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia. Historically, the Oirats were composed of four major tribes: Dzungar (Choros or Olots), Torghut, Dörbet and Khoshut. The minor tribes include: Khoid, Bayads, Myangad, Zakhchin, Baatud. The modern Kalmyks of Kalmykia on the Caspian Sea in southeastern Europe are Oirats. Etymology The name derives from Mongolic ''oi'' ("forest, woods") and ''ard'' < *''harad'' ("people"),M.Sanjdorj, History of the Mongolian People's Republic, Volume I, 1966 and they were counted among the "" in the 13th century. Similar to that is the Turkic ''aghach ari'' ("woodman") that is found as a place name in many locale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esen Taishi
Esen ( mn, Эсэн; Mongol script: ; ), (?–1454) was a powerful Oirat taishi and the ''de facto'' ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty between 12 September 1453 and 1454. He is best known for capturing the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1450 in the Battle of Tumu Fortress and briefly reuniting the Mongol tribes. The Four Oirat reached the peak of their power under his rule. Name Esen means "good health" in Mongolian. Taishi is derived from the Chinese title 太師 (tàishī), meaning Grand Preceptor. Among Mongol tribes, this title was used for powerful nobles who were not part of the Chinggisid lineage. In Chinese, Esen is rendered as 也先 (Yěxiān) or less commonly as 額森 (Ésēn). Youth and early career Esen was born to his father, Toghan, the Choros taishi who had expanded Oirat territory substantially, with more Mongol tribes acknowledging his supremacy. As an Oirat, Esen himself was not descended from Genghis Khan, which would hamper his claim to the title of gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Dynasty
The Lê dynasty, also known as Later Lê dynasty ( vi, Hậu Lê triều, chữ Hán: 後黎朝 or vi, nhà Hậu Lê, link=no, chữ Nôm: 茹後黎), was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, ruling Đại Việt from 1428 to 1789. The Lê dynasty is divided into two historical periods – the Early period ( Vietnamese: Lê sơ triều, chữ Hán: 黎初朝, or Vietnamese: nhà Lê sơ, chữ Nôm: 茹黎初; 1428–1527) before usurpation by the Mạc dynasty (1527–1683), in which emperors ruled in their own right, and the restored period or Revival Lê ( Vietnamese: Lê Trung hưng triều, chữ Hán: 黎中興朝, or Vietnamese: nhà Lê trung hưng, chữ Nôm: 茹黎中興; 1533–1789), in which figurehead emperors reigned under the auspices of the powerful Trịnh family. The Restored Lê period is marked by two lengthy civil wars: the Lê–Mạc War (1533–1592) in which two dynasties battled for legitimacy in northern Vietnam and the Trịnh–Nguyễn War ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Nhân Tông
Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗, 28 May 1441 – 25 October 1459), birth name Lê Bang Cơ (黎邦基) was the third emperor of the Later Lê dynasty from 1453 until his murder in a coup in 1459. He was a grandson of the emperor Lê Lợi. During nearly all of his reign, the real power behind the throne was his mother, Empress Dowager Tuyên Từ, a royal consort of Lê Thái Tông. Biography With the sudden death of Lê Thái Tông, his heir was an infant son named Bang Co, mothered by Royal Consort Nguyen Thi Anh. He was the third son of his father, but the elder son ( Le Nghi Dân) had been officially passed over due to his mother's low social status. The government was actually under the control of Trinh Kha. Trịnh Khả was a long-time aide, friend, and counselor of Lê Lợi. By 1442, he was the first among the surviving top aides of Lê Lợi, the others had been killed or were second rank. Despite the dangers of having an infant on the throne, the government seems to ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōtoku
was a after ''Bun'an'' and before '' Kyotoku.'' This period spanned the years from July 1449 through July 1452. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1449 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in 1449 (''Bun'an 6.'') The first year of Hotoku began on the 28th day of the 7th month. On the 10th day, the era name would still have been ''Bun'an'' 6. Events of the ''Hōtoku'' era * May 8, 1449 (''Hōtoku 1, 16th day of the 4th month''): Shōgun Yoshinari is honored by the emperor with the gift of a sword. * 1451 (''Hōtoku 3, 7th month ''): A delegation from the Ryukyu Islands arrives for the first time in Heian-kyō (Kyoto).Titsingh, ; Satow, Ernest. (1882) "Notes on Loochoo" in , citing Arai Hakuseki Mention of this diplomatic event is among the first of its type to be published in the West in an 1832 French version of by Hayashi Shihei. * 1451 (''Hōtoku 3, 8th month ''): Sogun Yoshihori causes a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Go-Hanazono
(July 10, 1418 – January 18, 1471) was the 102nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')後花園天皇 (102) retrieved 2013-8-28. His reign spanned the years from 1428 through 1464. This 15th-century sovereign was named after the 14th-century Emperor Hanazono and ''go-'' (後) translates as "later", and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Hanazono", or in some older sources, may be identified as "Hanazono, the second" or as "Hanazono II". Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (''imina'') was simply .Titsingh, p. 331. He was the eldest son of Imperial Prince Fushimi-no-miya Sadafusa (伏見宮貞成親王) (1372–1456). His mother was Sachiko (幸子) (1390–1448), daughter of Niwata Tsuneari (庭田経有). His father was the 3rd of the Fushimi-no-miya line and grandson of the Northern Pretender Emperor Sukō, making Go-Hanazono the great-grandson of Suk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyōtoku
was a after ''Hōtoku'' and before ''Kōshō.'' This period spanned the years from July 1452 through July 1455. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1452 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ended and a new one commenced in ''Hōtoku'' 4. Events of the ''Kyōtoku'' era * 1453 (''Kyōtoku 2, 6th month''): The name of the Shōgun, " Yoshinari", was changed to Ashikaga Yoshimasa, which is the name by which he is more commonly known in modern times. * 1454 (''Kyōtoku 3''): Ashikaga Shigeuji orchestrated for the killing of Uesugi Noritada,Hall, John Whitney. (1988) ''The Cambridge History of Japan: Medieval Japan'', p. 233./ref> thus beginning a series of conflicts for control of the ''Kantō;'' and this event would come to be known as the '' Kyōtoku no Ran''.Nussbaum, "''Kyōtoku-no-ran''" i ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 587./ref> Notes References * Hall, John Whitney. (1988). ''The Cambridge History of Japan: Medieval Japan.'' C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
