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Hunter Valley Important Bird Area
The Hunter Valley Important Bird Area is a 560 km2 tract of land around Cessnock in central-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Description The site has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it regularly supports significant numbers of the endangered regent honeyeater and swift parrot. The near threatened diamond firetail is also present. The IBA is defined by remnant patches of eucalypt-woodland and forest used by the birds in a largely anthropogenic landscape. It includes Aberdare and Pelton state forests, Broke Common, Singleton Army Base, Pokolbin, Quorrobolong, Abermain and Tomalpin, as well as various patches of bushland, including land owned by mining companies. The IBA contains Werakata National Park and part of Watagans National Park. Extensive areas are used for coal mining, vineyard A vineyard (; also ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Impact On The Environment
Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic impact) refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans. Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society is causing severe effects including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass extinction and biodiversity loss, ecological crisis, and ecological collapse. Some human activities that cause damage (either directly or indirectly) to the environment on a global scale include population growth, overconsumption, overexploitation, pollution, and deforestation. Some of the problems, including global warming and biodiversity loss, have been proposed as representing catastrophic risks to the survival of the human species. The term ''anthropogenic'' designates an effect or object resulting from human activity. The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist Alexey Pavlov, and it w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vineyard
A vineyard (; also ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is known as viticulture. Vineyards are often characterised by their ''terroir'', a French term loosely translating as "a sense of place" that refers to the specific geographical and geological characteristics of grapevine plantations, which may be imparted to the wine itself. History The earliest evidence of wine production dates from between 6000 and 5000 BC. Wine making technology improved considerably with the ancient Greeks but it wasn't until the end of the Roman Empire that cultivation techniques as we know them were common throughout Europe. In medieval Europe the Church was a staunch supporter of wine, which was necessary for the celebration of the Mass. During the lengthy instability of the Middle Ages, the monasteries maintained and developed viticultural prac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Mining
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine is called a 'pit', and the above-ground structures are a 'pit head'. In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine. Coal mining has had many developments in recent years, from the early days of men tunneling, digging and manually extracting the coal on carts to large open-cut and longwall mines. Mining at this scale requires the use of draglines, trucks, conveyors, hydraulic jacks and shearers. The coal mining industry has a long history of significant negative environmental impacts on local ecosystems, health impacts on local communities and workers, and contributes heavily to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watagans National Park
Watagans is a national park located in New South Wales, Australia, north of Sydney. This park has some fine rainforest scenery. File:Watagans park sign.JPG File:Watagans trees.JPG See also * Protected areas of New South Wales The Protected areas of New South Wales include both terrestrial and marine protected areas. there are 225 national parks in New South Wales. Based on the Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD) 2020 data there are 2136 separat ... References City of Lake Macquarie National parks of the Hunter Region Protected areas established in 1999 1999 establishments in Australia {{LakeMacquarie-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Werakata National Park
The Werakata National Park is a state park, protected national park that is located in the Lower Hunter Region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The national park is located to the north, east and south of the town of Cessnock, New South Wales, Cessnock (the park is separated into three distinct but closely located sections: near Abermain, New South Wales, Abermain, near Kearsley and near Kitchener, New South Wales, Kitchener/Abernethy, New South Wales, Abernethy). The national park lies within the Hunter Valley Important Bird Area. South of the national park is the separate Werakata State Conservation Area. History Originally called Lower Hunter National Park, the Werakata National Park was created in January 1999 with land that had previously been part of the Cessnock State Forest (State Forest No. 874). On 1 January 2003, the park was expanded with from the former Cessnock State Forest and also the Aberdare State Forest (State Forest No. 981). The Werakata State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bushland
In Australia, bushland is a blanket term for land which supports remnant vegetation or land which is disturbed but still retains a predominance of the original floristics and structure. Human survival in bushland has a whole mythology evolving around it, with the stories of Aboriginal trackers and bushrangers deeply entrenched in Australian folklore. Bushland has been a traditional source of wood for fuel and bushfood. Bushland provides a number of ecosystem services including the protection of water quality, stopping erosion, acting as a windbreak, and trapping nutrients. Bushland is prone to bushfires. This presents a challenge to authorities as infrastructure and habitations encroach into bushland areas. Preservation Until recently Australia had a very high rate of land clearing, which resulted in the destruction of bushland. Since 2006 the rate of land clearing has declined significantly. This is partially attributed to legislation that placed a ban on broad scale cleari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abermain, New South Wales
Abermain is a town 8 km ENE of Cessnock and 3 km west of Weston, in New South Wales, Australia. Abermain is adjacent to Werakata National Park The Werakata National Park is a state park, protected national park that is located in the Lower Hunter Region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The national park is located to the north, east and south of the town of Cessnock, New South .... Abermain Post Office opened on 1 June 1904. In 1882 Professor Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth David was appointed by NSW Department of Mines to undertake a survey to discover the possibility of coal. Australian's second Mine Rescue Station was constructed in 1926 and at cost of £20,000. Schools and education Abermain is home to Holy Spirit Infants School and Aspect Hunter School, both non-government schools, and Abermain Public School, founded in 1909. Notable people Les Lumsdon (1912–1977) cartoonist for '' Newcastle Morning Herald'' References Suburbs of City of Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quorrobolong, New South Wales
Quorrobolong is a small locality in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located southeast of the town of and is adjacent to Watagans National Park. Quorrobolong has a variety of accommodation to cater for tourists visiting the Hunter Valley, including farmstays and health retreats. It is also the home of the not‐for‐profit 'Heal For Life' organisation which provides healing programs for survivors of childhood trauma and abuse. Indigenous history and name The name Quorrobolong is based on the aboriginal word which means "a low line of hills". Initially, the name was spelled "Quarrybylong" and was officially changed to Quorrobolong in 1975. The Central Lowlands of the Hunter Valley is the country of the Wonnarua people. A recent survey indicates that the Quorrobolong area contains a ceremonial ground and two burial sites. European settlement and mining The history of European settlement of the area is part of the broader exploration and settlement story ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pokolbin, New South Wales
Pokolbin is a rural locality in the Hunter Region of New South Wales Australia. It is part of the Singleton Council local government area and the city of Cessnock. The area is the centre of the Lower Hunter Valley wine region. Pokolbin lies within the Hunter Valley Important Bird Area. History The Darkinjung people (specifically the Wonarua tribe) originally inhabited the Cessnock area, including Pokolbin, for more than 3000 years. They were the major inhabitants at the time of European contact. This contact was disastrous for the Darkinjung people. Many were murdered or died as a result of European diseases. Others were forced onto neighbouring tribal territory and killed. Many lost the will to live and occupied shanty ghettos on the edge of white settlements. Settler pressure on land also constricted traditional tribal and clannish domains, often leading to tribal fighting. Viticulture in the Hunter Valley is often considered to have commenced with James Busby. In the 1820s h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singleton, New South Wales
Singleton is a town on the banks of the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia. Singleton is 197 km (89 mi) north-north-west of Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ..., and 70 km (43 mi) north-west of Newcastle, New South Wales, Newcastle. At June 2018, Singleton had an urban population of 16,346. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. Singleton's main urban area includes the town centre, Singleton Heights, Dunolly, Darlington, The Retreat, Wattle Ponds and Hunterview. Surrounding rural villages include Broke, New South Wales, Broke, Camberwell, New South Wales, Camberwell, Jerrys Plains, New South Wales, Jerrys Plains, Goorangoola/Greenlands, Belford, New South Wales, Belford and Lower Belford. Singleton is located on the north-eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broke, New South Wales
Broke is a village of approximately 292 people in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia in Singleton Shire. It is located to the north of Sydney on the original early colonial road from Sydney to Singleton ( north). Description The Broke area is well known for its boutique wine production and is usually referred to as the 'Broke-Fordwich' wine region (a sub-region of the Australian Geographical Indication (GI) Hunter Valley zone). There is also substantial open-cut and underground coal mining in the area between Broke and Singleton. The village also holds an annual fair in September. Broke contains a primary school, a Catholic church, an Anglican church and a service station with store and post office. The brick house on the south side of the store is the former police station and lock-up. The south side of Broke provides views across properties to the Broken Back Range, the most conspicuous feature of which is the sandstone formation known as Yellow Rock. History Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
