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Hyalospheniidae
Hyalospheniidae is a group of testate amoebae and the sole family of the infraorder Hyalospheniformes. Hyalospheniid testate amoebae are considered important bioindicators, which is why they are frequently used for environmental monitoring and their fossils are studied to investigate the paleoecology. Phylogeny The following cladogram illustrates the evolutionary relationships between all hyalospheniid genera found through phylogenetic analysis, with the exception of '' Porosia'', a genus excluded from the analysis that appears to be closely related to ''Certesella'' and is therefore placed next to it in the cladogram. Classificaton The current taxonomy of the family recognizes 14 genera: * Infraorder Hyalospheniformes Lahr et al. 2019 ** Family Hyalospheniidae Schulze 1877 emend. Kosakyan & Lara 2014 *** ''Alabasta'' Duckert et al., 2018 *** ''Alocodera'' Jung, 1942 *** ''Apodera'' Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 *** ''Certesella'' Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 *** '' Cornutheca'' Kosakyan et a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nebela
''Nebela'' is a diverse genus of testate amoebae of cosmopolitan distribution, belonging to the family Hyalospheniidae. They are "prey agglutinated" or "kleptosquamic" organisms, meaning they take the inorganic plates from their prey to construct their test. Morphology Members of this genus have a thin, transparent, pseudochitinous, flattened test that can be ovate, pyriform or elongate, with a length of around 180 microns. The surface of the test has numerous oval or circular scales of variable size, or in rare occasions rectangular or rod-like scales. The protoplasm is granular and colorless but can contain food vacuoles that show color. They have a single nucleus and a variable number of pseudopodia that are blunt in shape. The cell body is attached to the test's interior by strands of ectoplasm. Classification ''Nebela'' originally belonged to the family Nebelidae, but phylogenetic analyses showed that the genus was paraphyletic and the genera ''Hyalosphenia'' and ''Quadrule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyalospheniidae
Hyalospheniidae is a group of testate amoebae and the sole family of the infraorder Hyalospheniformes. Hyalospheniid testate amoebae are considered important bioindicators, which is why they are frequently used for environmental monitoring and their fossils are studied to investigate the paleoecology. Phylogeny The following cladogram illustrates the evolutionary relationships between all hyalospheniid genera found through phylogenetic analysis, with the exception of '' Porosia'', a genus excluded from the analysis that appears to be closely related to ''Certesella'' and is therefore placed next to it in the cladogram. Classificaton The current taxonomy of the family recognizes 14 genera: * Infraorder Hyalospheniformes Lahr et al. 2019 ** Family Hyalospheniidae Schulze 1877 emend. Kosakyan & Lara 2014 *** ''Alabasta'' Duckert et al., 2018 *** ''Alocodera'' Jung, 1942 *** ''Apodera'' Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 *** ''Certesella'' Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 *** '' Cornutheca'' Kosakyan et a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alabasta
''Alabasta'' () is a genus of arcellinid testate amoebae belonging to the family Hyalospheniidae. It contains species with an elongated test and a strongly curved "pseudostome" (the test opening) with a flare and a notch in narrow view. These species previously belonged to the genus ''Nebela'', but were later found to be a distinct monophyletic group different from ''Nebela''. It is the sister group to ''Planocarina''. Morphology Members of ''Alabasta'' have a rigid, elongated test that is colourless or yellowish, with a maximum width at about two thirds of the distance from the test's aperture and sides, then thinner towards the aperture. The test is proteinaceous, often incorporating silica scales taken from euglyphid preys. The pseudostome (i.e. aperture) is strongly convex with a flare (i.e. fan shape) in broad view and a deep notch in profile view. Lateral pores are usually present at about one third of the distance from the pseudostome to the fundus (i.e. the bottom of the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyalosphenia Papilio
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell). Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae. Test or shell Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadrulella
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell). Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae. Test or shell Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arcellinida
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell). Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae. Test or shell Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alocodera
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell). Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae. Test or shell Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyalosphenia
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell). Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae. Test or shell Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planocarina
''Planocarina'' () is a genus of arcellinid testate amoebae belonging to the family Hyalospheniidae. It was created in 2016 to agglutinate a clade of species that were previously assigned to the paraphyletic genus ''Nebela''. All species of ''Planocarina'' have a compressed keel surrounding the posterior part of their shell. It is the sister group of ''Alabasta''. Morphology Members of ''Planocarina'' have an elongated, pyriform test with a distinct neck, and lateral margins tapering towards the test opening. The posterior part of the test is surrounded entirely by a flat keel. The test hyaline or slightly yellowish in color, composed of circular and elongated scales recycled from the organism's prey, such as euglyphid testate amoeba. Classification ''Planocarina'' contains all former species of ''Nebela ''Nebela'' is a diverse genus of testate amoebae of cosmopolitan distribution, belonging to the family Hyalospheniidae. They are "prey agglutinated" or "kleptosquamic" organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certesella
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell). Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae. Test or shell Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubulinea
The Tubulinea are a major grouping of Amoebozoa, including most of the more familiar amoebae genera like ''Amoeba'', ''Arcella'', ''Difflugia'' and ''Hartmannella''. Characteristics During locomotion most Tubulinea have a roughly cylindrical form or produce numerous cylindrical pseudopods. Each cylinder advances by a single central stream of cytoplasm, granular in appearance, and has no subpseudopodia. This distinguishes them from other amoeboid groups, although in some members this is not the normal type of locomotion. Classification This class was anticipated by some biologists like Jahn, who grouped all amoebae with granular pseudopodia together, but most split the lobose amoebae into testate Testacealobosia and naked Gymnamoebia. These latter are polyphyletic, but molecular trees by Bolivar ''et al.'' identified a core monophyletic subgroup. Subsequent studies showed the testate lobose amoebae belong to the same group, which was thus renamed Lobosea ''sensu stricto'' or Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porosia
''Porosia'' is a genus of arcellinid testate amoebae belonging to the family Hyalospheniidae. Described in 1942, it used to be a monotypic genus with the sole species '' P. bigibbosa''. However a second species, '' P. paracarinata'', was discovered in 2015. Morphology The original 1942 description of ''Porosia'' corresponds to the type species '' P. bigibbosa''. The description was expanded in 2015 to fit both species. The organism consists of a pyriform, laterally compressed test with a rounded posterior end, two large invaginated pores situated on each lateral compression, both of which connected by internal tubes in ''Certesella''. Small lateral pores are seen anterior to the large ones. Lateral keels, present in '' P. paracarinata'' but absent in '' P. bigibbosa'', surround a third of the posterior lateral margins. The test itself is composed of euglyphid shell plates embedded in a disorganized cement. The test's aperture or "pseudostome" is surrounded with a lip made of orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |