Hyalospheniidae is a group of testate amoebae and the sole family of the infraorder Hyalospheniformes. Hyalospheniid testate amoebae are considered important

bioindicators A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment. The most common indicator species are animals. For example, copepods and other sma ...

, which is why they are frequently used for environmental monitoring and their fossils are studied to investigate the

paleoecology Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales. As a discipline, paleoecology interacts with, depends on and informs ...

Phylogeny

The following cladogram illustrates the evolutionary relationships between all hyalospheniid genera found through

phylogenetic analysis In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

, with the exception of '' Porosia'', a genus excluded from the analysis that appears to be closely related to '' Certesella'' and is therefore placed next to it in the cladogram.

Classificaton

The current taxonomy of the family recognizes 14 genera: * Infraorder Hyalospheniformes Lahr et al. 2019 ** Family Hyalospheniidae Schulze 1877 emend. Kosakyan & Lara 2014 *** ''

Alabasta ''Alabasta'' () is a genus of arcellinid testate amoebae belonging to the family Hyalospheniidae. It contains species with an elongated test and a strongly curved "pseudostome" (the test opening) with a flare and a notch in narrow view. These s ...

'' Duckert et al., 2018 *** '' Alocodera'' Jung, 1942 *** ''

Apodera ''Apodera'' is a genus of Amoebozoa Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional a ...

'' Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 *** '' Certesella'' Loeblich & Tappan, 1961 *** '' Cornutheca'' Kosakyan et al., 2016 *** '' Gibbocarina'' Kosakyan et al., 2016 *** '' Hyalosphenia'' Stein, 1859 *** '' Longinebela'' Kosakyan et al., 2016 *** '' Mrabella'' Kosakyan et al., 2016 *** ''

Nebela ''Nebela'' is a diverse genus of testate amoebae of cosmopolitan distribution, belonging to the family Hyalospheniidae. They are "prey agglutinated" or "kleptosquamic" organisms, meaning they take the inorganic plates from their prey to constr ...

'' Leidy, 1874 *** '' Padaungiella'' Lara et Todorov, 2012 *** '' Planocarina'' Kosakyan et al., 2016 *** '' Porosia'' Jung, 1942 *** ''

Quadrulella Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007 Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially ...

'' Cockerell, 1909

References

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