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HDMS Justitia (1707)
HDMS ''Justitia'' was a ship-of-the-line designed by Ole Judichaer built at Nyholm, Copenhagen for the Royal Danish-Norwegian Navy. Construction and design ''Justitia'' was constructed at Nyholm Dockyard to a design by Ole Judichær. She was launched on 1 December 1703. She was long with a beam of and a draught of (forward). Her complement was 725 men. Her armament was 70 to 86 guns. Career 1710–1720 In the long ongoing Great Northern War Sweden had finally lost the Baltic States to Russia in 1710, and sought to maintain its hold on the southern Baltic coast of Pomerania at Stralsund. Denmark determined to thwart Sweden's intentions. From March 1710 ''Justitia'' was the flagship of Vice Admiral Niels Lavritzen Barfoed, whose squadron formed part of General Admiral Gyldenløve's Danish fleet which established a blockade of Stralsund in 1711. Her captain at this time was Lauritz Valkendorf. The town and area of Stralsund was also under siege from the land by Danish and Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Justice
Lady Justice ( la, Iustitia) is an allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems. Her attributes are scales, a sword and sometimes a blindfold. She often appears as a pair with Prudentia. Lady Justice originates from the personification of Justice in Ancient Roman art known as ''Iustitia'' or ''Justitia'', who is equivalent to the Greek goddess Dike. The goddess Justitia The origin of Lady Justice was Justitia (or Iustitia), the goddess of Justice within Roman mythology. Justitia was introduced by emperor Augustus, and was thus not a very old deity in the Roman pantheon. Justice was one of the virtues celebrated by emperor Augustus in his '' clipeus virtutis'', and a temple of Iustitia was established in Rome by emperor Tiberius. Iustitia became a symbol for the virtue of justice with which every emperor wished to associate his regime; emperor Vespasian minted coins with the image of the goddess seated on a throne called ''Iustitia Augusta'', and many em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan area has 2,057,142 people. Copenhagen is on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the Øresund strait. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road. Originally a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century, it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions, defences, and armed forces. During the Renaissance the city served as the de facto capital of the Kalmar Union, being the seat of monarchy, governing the majority of the present day Nordic region in a personal union with Sweden and Norway ruled by the Danis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diderich De Thurah
Diderich de Thurah (1704–1788) was a military cadet, a naval officer in the Royal Danish-Norwegian navy, Danish Shipbuilders, shipbuilder and fabrikmester, artist and publisher.Topsøe-Jensen Vol 2 pp 611 - 613Kunstindex Danmarwebsite/ref> He studied with, and worked under, Knud Benstrup. He conspired against Benstrup, but proved an unworthy successor as ''Fabrikmester''. In later life he achieved notability in translating Lutheran texts from English and German, into Danish. Personal Born in Aarhus on 1 May 1704, Diderich de Thurah moved to Ribe when his father, Laurids Thura, became Diocese of Ribe, bishop of Ribe in 1713. He and his younger brother, Lauritz de Thurah, met King Frederik IV when the monarch was visiting Ribe and chose the two boys for military service. In 1719, he went to Copenhagen as a military cadet, a landkadet in Danish, to receive an education at the Military Cadet Academy (Landkadetakademiet). His older brother, Albert, became a priest and poet. The pain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish East India Company
The Danish East India Company ( da, Ostindisk Kompagni) refers to two separate Danish-Norwegian chartered companies. The first company operated between 1616 and 1650. The second company existed between 1670 and 1729, however, in 1730 it was re-founded as the Asiatic Company ( da, Asiatisk Kompagni). First company The first Danish East India Company was chartered in 1616 under King Christian IV and focused on trade with India. The first expedition, under Admiral Gjedde, took two years to reach Ceylon, losing more than half their crew. The island had been claimed by Portugal by the time they arrived but on 10May 1620, a treaty was concluded with the Kingdom of Kandy and the foundation laid of a settlement at Trincomalee on the island's east coast. They occupied the colossal Koneswaram temple in May 1620 to begin fortification of the peninsula before being expelled by the Portuguese. After landing on the Indian mainland, a treaty was concluded with the ruler of the Tanjore Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reval
Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju ''maakond'' (county). Tallinn is the main financial, industrial, and cultural centre of Estonia. It is located northwest of the country's second largest city Tartu, however only south of Helsinki, Finland, also west of Saint Petersburg, Russia, north of Riga, Latvia, and east of Stockholm, Sweden. From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, Tallinn was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical name Reval. Tallinn received Lübeck city rights in 1248,, however the earliest evidence of human population in the area dates back nearly 5,000 years. The medieval indigenous population of what is now Tallinn and northern Estonia was one of the last "pagan" civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrich Kaas (1677–1746)
Ulrich Jørgensen Kaas (4 October 1677 – 28 December 1746) was a member of the old noble family of Kaas (noble family), Mur Kaas, and an officer in the Dano-Norwegian Navy, Dano-Norwegian navy. He rose to the rank of rear admiral in the Great Northern War and later to full admiral in 1732. Following a power struggle within the Danish admiralty, he left the naval service for a senior post in Bergen. Personal life Ulrich Kaas was born in 1677 near Vejle, where his father, Jørgen Grubbe Kaas, was chief administrator. His mother was Birgitte Sophie Maltesdatter née Sehested, who brought with her into the family at marriage the ownership of the estate of Ølufgaard, some nine kilometers south of Varde.Danish Estates Ølufgaard/ref> Ulrich Kaas took over this estate from 1719. Kaas was first married in 1715, to Cathrine Sophie Rubring. By this marriage, he became brother-in-law to Admiral Peter RabenGravsted website Ulrich Kaas/ref> who was married to his new wife's sister, Elena M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knud Nielsen Benstrup
Knud Nielsen Benstrup (1692 26 February 1742) was a Danish naval officer and the senior officer, ''overfabrikmester'', at the Royal Danish naval shipyards, until his career was blighted by court martial and imprisonment. Personal Benstrup was born in 1692Topsøe-Jensen in Gyldendal in the East Jutland town of Ebeltoft where his father was town clerk. Career From his start as a cadet in 1706 Knud Benstrup was on active service throughout the Great Northern War, in 1715 as a junior lieutenant in the ships-of-the-line ''Justitia'' and then ''Ditmarsken'' under Admiral Christian Thomesen Sehested in the Pommeranian campaigns. In 1723, after the war, he served as adjutant to Admiral Andreas Rosenpalm in Norway. From here, he was ordered home and sent, in the spring of 1714, to France where he would study the theory and mathematics of ship design and the practice of shipbuilding at Brest which at that time was a centre of excellence. From junior lieutenant in 1714, he was steadily prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Øresund
Øresund or Öresund (, ; da, Øresund ; sv, Öresund ), commonly known in English as the Sound, is a strait which forms the Danish–Swedish border, separating Zealand (Denmark) from Scania (Sweden). The strait has a length of ; its width varies from to . It is wide at its narrowest point between Helsingør in Denmark and Helsingborg in Sweden. Øresund, along with the Great Belt, the Little Belt and the Kiel Canal, is one of four waterways that connect the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via Kattegat, Skagerrak, and the North Sea; this makes it one of the busiest waterways in the world. The Øresund Bridge, between the Danish capital Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö, inaugurated on 1 July 2000, connects a bi-national metropolitan area with close to 4 million inhabitants. The HH Ferry route, between Helsingør, Denmark and Helsingborg, Sweden, in the northern part of Øresund, is one of the world's busiest international ferry routes, with more than 70 departures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Rügen (1715)
Battle of Rügen was a major naval battle fought on August 8, 1715 off Jasmund on the Swedish island of Rügen (present-day Germany) during the Great Northern War. In the Swedish navy 20 ships of the line and two frigates participated, in the Danish 21 ships of the line and four frigates. The battle ended with a Danish strategic victory but was tactically inconclusive. No ships were lost on either side but many soldiers were either dead or wounded – Sweden: 478, Denmark: 612. Timing of events *Vice admiral Christen Thomesen Sehested flew his flag from HDMS ''Justitia'' as commander of the vanguard of Raben's fleet which was sent on 9 July 1715 to Pomerania to ensure passage of troop transports of 6000 men to the land forces on Rügen besieging Stralsund. (Admiral Knud Reedtz had been assembling these troop transports in Grønsund between the Danish islands of Falster and Møn from midsummer 1714.) *On 20 July Admiral Raben, in command of the main Danish fleet, retreated to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasmus Krag (1680–1755)
Rasmus Krag (1680–1755) was a Danish naval officer who first became a junior lieutenant in 1700 and vice-admiral in 1736. He aspired to be a naval architect but his efforts proved unsatisfactory. Personal life The son of a tailor, Rasmus Krag was born in Copenhagen about 1680Bjerg in Gyldendal (or possibly 1677Topsøe-Jensen Vol 2 pp30 -32)The year of his birth is open to question. Two references give it as 1677, but his would mean Krag was 23 years old when he was first appointed as a junior lieutenant - unusually old for such an event. 1680 is more believable. Early career As a cadet in 1698 he served on a convoy with HDMS ''Hvide Falk'' to Portugal, and in 1699 to 1700 was in foreign service (which power not recorded), before being commissioned as a junior lieutenant on 30 January 1700. He later served on ships-of-the-line ''Prins Georg'', and on promotion to senior lieutenant in 1703 in ''Prins Carl'' on the Danish royal tour of Norway. In 1708 -1709 he served in the Britis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornelius Cruys
Cornelius Cruys ( no, Niels Creutz, i=no, russian: Корнелий Крюйс, i=no; 14 June 1655 – 14 June 1727) was a Norwegian–Dutch admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy, and the first commander of the Russian Baltic Fleet. Early life and career He was born as Niels Olufsen in Stavanger, Norway, in 1655. His parents were Oluf Gudfastesen and Apelone Nielsdatter Koch. It is uncertain when Niels Olufsen ( nl, Cornelis Roelofsz) emigrated to the Dutch Republic and changed his name to Cornelis Cruys ("Kornelius Krøys" or "Cornelis Cruijs"). However, according to several municipal sources, Cruys lived in Amsterdam for at least eighteen years before he joined the Russian Navy. The first known record about Cruys was produced by the local administration of Amsterdam in 1681. That year he married the nineteen-year-old Catharina Voogt. She was born in Amsterdam and was the daughter of Claas Pieterszoon Voogt, a Dutch captain of a merchantman, and Jannetje Jans. In the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court-martial
A court-martial or court martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment. In addition, courts-martial may be used to try prisoners of war for war crimes. The Geneva Conventions require that POWs who are on trial for war crimes be subject to the same procedures as would be the holding military's own forces. Finally, courts-martial can be convened for other purposes, such as dealing with violations of martial law, and can involve civilian defendants. Most navies have a standard court-martial which convenes whenever a ship is lost; this does not presume that the captain is suspected of wrongdoing, but merely that the circumstances surrounding the loss of the ship be made part of the official record. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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