HDMS Justitia (1707)

HDMS ''Justitia'' was a ship-of-the-line designed by Ole Judichaer built at Nyholm, Copenhagen for the Royal Danish-Norwegian Navy.

Construction and design

''Justitia'' was constructed at Nyholm Dockyard to a design by Ole Judichær. She was launched on 1 December 1703. She was long with a beam of and a draught of (forward). Her complement was 725 men. Her armament was 70 to 86 guns.

Career

1710–1720

In the long ongoing Great Northern War Sweden had finally lost the Baltic States to Russia in 1710, and sought to maintain its hold on the southern Baltic coast of Pomerania at Stralsund. Denmark determined to thwart Sweden's intentions. From March 1710 ''Justitia'' was the flagship of Vice Admiral Niels Lavritzen Barfoed, whose squadron formed part of General Admiral Gyldenløve's Danish fleet which established a blockade of Stralsund in 1711. Her captain at this time was Lauritz Valkendorf. The town and area of Stralsund was also under siege from the land by Danish and Russian, Saxon and Prussian forces.

After Gyldenløve retired ashore in December 1711, Barfoed assumed command of the fleet which retired to Copenhagen in January 1712 due to the freezing winter weather. Sailing again in his flagship ''Justitia'' at the head of a fleet of ten ships-of-the-line, four frigates and a number of lesser craft Barfoed returned to the blockade in 1712 but was too timid in the face of the Swedish fleet which reinforced Stralsund. (Barfoed was court-martialled for his lack of action, but proceedings were later abandoned).

''Justitia'', captained by Lauritz Christopher Ulfeldt, was again the flagship in 1713, this time under Vice Admiral Knud Reedtz, but again the Swedes managed to resupply Stralsund and later orders from Copenhagen to seek out the enemy fleet and bring them to battle appear to have achieved nothing. During this year Rudolf Cruys, son of the Norwegian Dutch admiral in Russian service Cornelius Cruys, served aboard ''Justitia''. In 1714 Cornelius Blichfeldt, newly promoted to the rank of captain, was second in command of ship-of-the-line ''Justitia''. His superior on ''Justitia'' was Rasmus Krag, who the following year observed the Battle of Rügen on Admiral Raben's flagship ''Elephanten'' with the admiral's staff.

Vice Admiral Christen Thomesen Sehested flew his flag from ''Justitia'' as commander of the vanguard of Raben's fleet which was sent on 9 July 1715 to Pomerania to ensure passage of troop transports of 6,000 men to the forces besieging Stralsund. When the Swedish fleet appeared in overwhelming force, Admiral Raben withdrew the main part of the Danish fleet to the Øresund to gather reinforcements leaving ''Justitia'' and her squadron to occupy the Swedes' attention without actually engaging. As Admiral Raben returned with the requisite reinforcements, Sehested was removed from ''Justitia'' and Vice Admiral Just Juel, who had been active on several ships since 1712 in the fleet blockading Stralsund, took over. ''Justitia'' was now the flagship of the rear guard as the Swedish fleet was engaged on 8 August 1715, off Jasmund (North East Rügen). Among of the many dead in the engagement was Admiral Juel. Christian Koningh, whose conduct during the August battle as captain of the Danish ship ''Nellebladet'' was subjected to an investigation, was appointed captain of ''Justitia'' in August the following year. For part of 1715 Knud Nielsen Benstrup, the future fabrikmester at Holmen, served as a junior lieutenant on ''Justitia'' and again in 1716.

In 1716 Jacob Dos was flag captain to Admiral Raben in ''Justitia''. 1717 saw two separate captains of ''Justitia'', Søren Hansen Lange until the end of May 1717, succeeded by Henrik Petersen Ørck. In 1718 Vice Admiral Ulrich Kaas commanded a squadron from ''Justitia'' in Admiral Raben's Baltic fleet. Floris Friess was flag captain to Admiral Kaas.

1720–1725

Nearly 13 years of war had taken its toll on both the navy and the Danish national treasury. In 1725 many of the Danish fleet's ships-of-the-line were laid up by order of the Danish Admiralty, as it was perceived that all danger of war had receded. In 1723 Lieutenant-Captain , fresh from observing the Russian fleet movements off Reval (Tallinn), served for a while in ''Justitia'' under captain Wolter Jansen. In 1724 Captain Albert Danielsen (Daniel) was the subject of a complaint from one of his lieutenants that, contrary to regulations, his wife handled the monthly payments due to the lower ranks of the company of soldiers now serving on ''Justitia''. The ensuing court martial found against captain Danielsen but allowed him to take voluntary retirement with promotion in 1726.

Germund Jensen Lund (after a two year voyage with the Danish East India Company) was appointed captain of ''Justitia'' on 1 January 1725. Lund moved on to captain other ships in 1726, and ''Justitia'' appears to have been laid up (along with much of the Danish fleet dilapidated by war) for some fifteen years.

1739–1751

Plans for a deck cabin "of iron" (possibly a galley) were drawn up in 1739 by the new ''fabrikmester'' (chief naval architect) D Thura. and ''Justitia'' was brought back into service by 1743. Tensions were rising in the Baltic with the Swedish Dalecarlian rebellion (1743) and the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743). ''Justitia'' acted as admiral Jens Rosenpalm's flagship with Johan Christopher Holst as flag captain in the summer of 1743. The entire Danish fleet was commanded by Lieutenant-admiral Frederik Danneskiold-Samsøe (son of Ulrich Christian Gyldenløve).
This display of force was the last act of the ship, ''Justitia'', which was decommissioned and broken up in 1751.

The ship remembered

A model of HDMS ''Justitia'' has been adopted by Stege Kirke on Møn.Kirkeskibet
/ref> The model, which was presented to the church in 1718, is taken down every ten years for cleaning and any necessary repairs.

Notes

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Justitia (1707)
1700s ships
Great Northern War
Holmen, Copenhagen
Ships built in Copenhagen
Ships designed by Ole Judichær
Ships of the line of the Royal Danish Navy