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Franwilsia
''Franwilsia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Alan Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. It contains species formerly included in the ''Caloplaca bastowii''-group; the type species is ''Franwilsia bastowii''. The genus is in the subfamily Caloplacoideae in the Teloschistaceae. It forms a clade along with genus '' Eilifdahlia''. The genus name honours the reverend Francis Robert Muter Wilson, an early Australian lichenologist. Description ''Franwilsia'' is characterized by a thallus that can either be continuous or (broken into discrete areas). The cortical layer of the thallus is described as palisade , meaning it consists of tightly packed cells arranged in a palisade-like formation. The colour of the thallus ranges from whitish to grey or dark grey. The apothecia, or fruiting bodies, of ''Franwilsia'' are either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franwilsia Renatae
''Franwilsia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Alan Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. It contains species formerly included in the ''Caloplaca bastowii''-group; the type species is ''Franwilsia bastowii''. The genus is in the subfamily Caloplacoideae in the Teloschistaceae. It forms a clade along with genus '' Eilifdahlia''. The genus name honours the reverend Francis Robert Muter Wilson, an early Australian lichenologist. Description ''Franwilsia'' is characterized by a thallus that can either be continuous or (broken into discrete areas). The cortical layer of the thallus is described as palisade , meaning it consists of tightly packed cells arranged in a palisade-like formation. The colour of the thallus ranges from whitish to grey or dark grey. The apothecia, or fruiting bodies, of ''Franwilsia'' are either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franwilsia Skottsbergii
''Franwilsia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Alan Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. It contains species formerly included in the ''Caloplaca bastowii''-group; the type species is ''Franwilsia bastowii''. The genus is in the subfamily Caloplacoideae in the Teloschistaceae. It forms a clade along with genus '' Eilifdahlia''. The genus name honours the reverend Francis Robert Muter Wilson, an early Australian lichenologist. Description ''Franwilsia'' is characterized by a thallus that can either be continuous or (broken into discrete areas). The cortical layer of the thallus is described as palisade , meaning it consists of tightly packed cells arranged in a palisade-like formation. The colour of the thallus ranges from whitish to grey or dark grey. The apothecia, or fruiting bodies, of ''Franwilsia'' are either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franwilsia Bastowii
''Franwilsia bastowii'' is a species of ramicolous (twig-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt. It was transferred to the genus ''Franwilsia'' in 2014. The species epithet ''bastowii'' honours the Scottish naturalist Richard Austin Bastow, who collected the type specimen in Mornington ( Gippsland plain) in 1901. The lichen is known to occur in Western Australia, South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ..., and Victoria, where it grows on the twigs of various shrubs and trees. References Teloschistales Lichen species Lichens described in 2009 Lichens of Australia Taxa named by Ingvar Kärnefelt Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Robert Muter Wilson
Francis Robert Muter Wilson (1832–1903), Presbyterian minister at Kew, Melbourne, was arguably Australia's first lichenologist. He came to Australia in 1862 to minister at Kew, but developed an interest in the natural world. He discovered many Australian and Pacific Island species of lichens. His collecting trips took him to Lorne, Lakes Entrance, Ferntree Gully, Brisbane, Sydney and Suva, Fiji. Between 1897 and 1900 he wrote at least 20 articles on lichens, publishing many new species. After his death his collections were purchased by the National Herbarium of New South Wales and the National Herbarium of Victoria. However the latter set was sent to the Italian botanist Giacomo Albo to be studied, and was lost in transit, never to be recovered. The lichen genus ''Franwilsia ''Franwilsia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teloschistaceae
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family, estimated to contain over 1800 species, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation or resurrection of 31 genera. It contains three subfamilies: Xanthorioideae, Caloplacoideae, and Teloschistoideae. A fourth subfamily, Brownlielloideae, proposed in 2015, has been shown to be part of the Teloschistoideae. Genera This is a list of the genera contained within the Teloschistaceae, based on a 2020 review and summary of ascomycete classification. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Amundsenia'' – 2 spp. *'' Andina'' - 1 sp. *'' Apatoplaca'' – 1 sp. *'' Aridoplaca'' - 1 sp. *'' Athallia'' – 17 spp. *'' Austroplaca'' – 10 spp. *'' Blastenia'' – 11 spp. *'' Brownliella'' – 4 spp. *'' Bryoplaca'' – 3 spp. *'' Calogaya'' – 19 spp. *'' Calop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingvar Kärnefelt
Jan Eric Ingvar Kärnefelt (born 1944) is a Swedish lichenologist. Early life and education Kärnefelt was born in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1944. His initial goal in his higher-level studies at University of Cologne in 1966–1967 was to become a dentist. He changed courses in 1968, turning instead to biology at the University of Gothenburg in 1968. Gunnar Degelius, his first teacher during undergraduate studies in botany in 1968, inspired him and others. After Degelius' retirement in 1969, Ingvar continued his studies at Lund University, where Hans Runemark held a position in systematic botany. In 1971 he met Ove Almborn, who became his supervisor. In 1979, he defended his thesis titled "The brown fruticose species of ''Cetraria''". The thesis was later awarded a prize for the best doctoral dissertation in botany at Lund University during a 5-year period by the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund. Career Kärnefelt became associate professor at the Department of Systematic Botany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Depside
A depside is a type of polyphenolic compound composed of two or more monocyclic aromatic units linked by an ester bond. Depsides are most often found in lichens, but have also been isolated from higher plants, including species of the Ericaceae, Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae and Myrtaceae. Certain depsides have antibiotic, anti-HIV, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activity ''in vitro''. As inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and leukotriene B4 biosynthesis, some depsides have ''in vitro'' anti-inflammatory activity. A depsidase is a type of enzyme that cuts depside bonds. One such enzyme is tannase. Examples Gyrophoric acid, found in the lichen ''Cryptothecia rubrocincta'', is a depside. Merochlorophaeic acid, isolated from lichens of the genus ''Cladonia'', is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Some depsides are described as anti-HIV. See also *Salsalate homodimer formed from self-condensation of salicylic acid Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidia
A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium'') species. The terms microconidia and macroconidia are sometimes used. Conidiogenesis There are two main types of conidium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula K OH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which exploit its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. An estimated 700,000 to 800,000 tonnes were produced in 2005. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals. It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive. Properties and structure KOH exhibits high thermal stability. Because of this high stability and relatively low melting point, it is often melt-cast as pellets or rods, forms that have low surface area and convenient handling properties. These pellets become tacky in air because KOH is hygroscopic. Most commercial samples are ca. 90% pure, the remainder being water and carbonates. Its dissolution in water is strongly exothermic. Concentrated aqueous solut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spot Test (lichen)
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for lichen species, and they take advantage of the wide array of lichen products produced by lichens and their uniqueness among taxa. As such, spot tests reveal the presence or absence of chemicals in various parts of a lichen. They were first proposed by the botanist William Nylander in 1866. Three common spot tests use either 10% aqueous KOH solution (K test), saturated aqueous solution of bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite (C test), or 5% alcoholic ''p''-phenylenediamine solution (P test). The colour changes occur due to presence of particular secondary metabolites in the lichen. There are several other less frequently used spot tests of more limited use that are employed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichexanthone
Lichexanthone is an organic compound in the structural class of chemicals known as xanthones. Lichexanthone was first isolated and identified by Japanese chemists from a species of leafy lichen in the 1940s. The compound is known to occur in many lichens, and it is important in the taxonomy of species in several genera, such as ''Pertusaria'' and ''Pyxine''. More than a dozen lichen species have a variation of the word lichexanthone incorporated as part of their binomial name. The presence of lichexanthone in lichens causes them to fluoresce a greenish-yellow colour under long-wavelength UV light; this feature is used to help identify some species. Lichexanthone is also found in several plants (many are from the families Annonaceae and Rutaceae), and some species of fungi that do not form lichens. In lichens, the biosynthesis of lichexanthone occurs through a set of enzymatic reactions that start with the molecule acetyl-CoA and sequentially add successive units, forming a longe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthraquinone
Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula . Isomers include various quinone derivatives. The term anthraquinone however refers to the isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the keto groups are located on the central ring. It is a building block of many dyes and is used in bleaching pulp for papermaking. It is a yellow, highly crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. It is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol. It is found in nature as the rare mineral hoelite. Synthesis There are several current industrial methods to produce 9,10-anthraquinone: # The oxidation of anthracene. Chromium(VI) is the typical oxidant. # The Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene and phthalic anhydride in presence of AlCl3. o-Benzoylbenzoic acid is an intermediate. This reaction is useful for produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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