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Flavanones Metabolism
The flavanones, a type of flavonoids, are various aromatic, colorless ketones derived from flavone that often occur in plants as glycosides. List of flavanones * Blumeatin * Butin * Eriodictyol * Hesperetin * Hesperidin * Homoeriodictyol * Isosakuranetin * Naringenin * Naringin * Pinocembrin * Poncirin * Sakuranetin * Sakuranin * Sterubin * Pinostrobin Metabolism The enzyme chalcone isomerase uses a chalcone-like compound to produce a flavanone. Flavanone 4-reductase In enzymology, a flavanone 4-reductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP+ \rightleftharpoons (2S)-flavanone + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (2S)-flavan-4-ol and NADP+, wherea ... is an enzyme that uses (2''S'')- flavan-4-ol and NADP+ to produce (2''S'')-flavanone, NADPH, and H+. Synthesis Numerous methods exist for the enantioselective chemical and biochemical synthesis of flavanones and related compounds. References External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavanone Num
The flavanones, a type of flavonoids, are various aromatic, colorless ketones derived from flavone that often occur in plants as glycosides. List of flavanones * Blumeatin * Butin (molecule), Butin * Eriodictyol * Hesperetin * Hesperidin * Homoeriodictyol * Isosakuranetin * Naringenin * Naringin * Pinocembrin * Poncirin * Sakuranetin * Sakuranin * Sterubin * Pinostrobin Metabolism The enzyme chalcone isomerase uses a chalconoid, chalcone-like compound to produce a flavanone. Flavanone 4-reductase is an enzyme that uses (2''S'')-flavan-4-ol and NADP+ to produce (2''S'')-flavanone, NADPH, and H+. Synthesis Numerous methods exist for the enantioselective chemical and biochemical synthesis of flavanones and related compounds. References External links * {{Flavanone Flavanones, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naringenin
Naringenin is a flavorless, colorless flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It is the predominant flavanone in grapefruit, and is found in a variety of fruits and herbs. Structure Naringenin has the skeleton structure of a flavanone with three hydroxy groups at the 4', 5, and 7 carbons. It may be found both in the aglycol form, naringenin, or in its glycosidic form, naringin, which has the addition of the disaccharide neohesperidose attached via a glycosidic linkage at carbon 7. Like the majority of flavanones, naringenin has a single chiral center at carbon 2, although the optical purity is variable. Racemization of S(-)-naringenin has been shown to occur fairly quickly. Sources and bioavailability Naringenin and its glycoside has been found in a variety of herbs and fruits, including grapefruit, bergamot, sour orange, tart cherries, tomatoes, cocoa, Greek oregano, water mint, as well as in beans. Ratios of naringenin to naringin vary among sources, as do enantiomeric rati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavanone 4-reductase
In enzymology, a flavanone 4-reductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP+ \rightleftharpoons (2S)-flavanone + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (2S)-flavan-4-ol and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are (2S)-flavanone, NADPH, and H+. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (2S)-flavan-4-ol:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in flavonoid biosynthesis Flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in which the amino acid phenylalanine is used to produce 4-coumaroyl-CoA. This can be combined with malonyl-CoA to yield the true backbone of flavonoids, a group of compounds .... References * EC 1.1.1 NADPH-dependent enzymes Enzymes of unknown structure Flavanones metabolism {{1.1.1-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalconoid
Chalconoids Greek: χαλκός ''khalkós'', "copper", due to its color), also known as ''chalcones'', are natural phenols related to chalcone. They form the central core for a variety of important biological compounds. They show antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Some chalconoids demonstrated the ability to block voltage-dependent potassium channels. Chalcones are also natural aromatase inhibitors. Chalcones are aromatic ketones with two phenyl rings that are also intermediates in the synthesis of many biological compounds. The closure of hydroxychalcones causes the formation of the flavonoid structure. Flavonoids are substances in the plant secondary metabolism with an array of biological activities. Chalconoids are also intermediates in the Auwers synthesis of flavones. Chemical properties Biosynthesis and metabolism Chalcone synthase is an enzyme responsible for the production of chalconoids in plants. Chalcone isomerase is responsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcone Isomerase
In enzymology, a chalcone isomerase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :a chalcone \rightleftharpoons a flavanone Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, a chalcone, and one product, a flavanone. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically the class of intramolecular lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is flavanone lyase (decyclizing). This enzyme is also called chalcone-flavanone isomerase. This enzyme participates in flavonoid biosynthesis. The ''Petunia hybrida'' (Petunia) genome contains two genes coding for very similar enzymes, ChiA and ChiB, but only the first seems to encode a functional chalcone isomerase. Structural studies As of late 2007, 7 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , and . Chalcone isomerase has a core 2-layer alpha/beta structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sterubin
Sterubin (7-methoxy-3',4',5-trihydroxyflavanone) is a bitter-masking flavanone extracted from Yerba Santa (''Eriodictyon californicum'') a plant growing in America. Sterubin is one of the four flavanones identified by Symrise in this plant which elicit taste-modifying properties. The others are homoeriodictyol, its sodium salt, and eriodictyol Eriodictyol is a bitter-masking flavanone, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa (''Eriodictyon californicum''), a plant native to North America. Eriodictyol is one of the four flavanones identified in this plant as having taste-modifying proper .... Recent research has demonstrated some neuroprotective properties of Sterubin ''in vitro'', but more research is needed before it can be considered a true drug candidate.Batya Swift Yasgur Medscape. February 2019. References O-methylated flavanones Bitter-masking compounds Taste modifiers Catechols {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakuranin
Sakuranin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It is the ''O''- glucoside of sakuranetin. It can be found in ''Prunus ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, Cherry, cherries, peaches, Peach#Nectarine, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to the North American temperate regions, the neotropics of Sou ... sp.''Flavonoids of Various Prunus Species. IV. The Flavonoids in the Wood of Prunus donarium var. spontanea. Masao Hasegawa and Teruo Shirato, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77 (13), pages 3557–3558, References External links * O-methylated flavanones Flavanone glycosides Phenol glucosides {{phenol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakuranetin
Sakuranetin is a flavan-on, the 7-methoxy derivative of naringenin, found in Polymnia fruticosa and rice, where it acts as a phytoalexin against spore germination of ''Pyricularia oryzae''. Glycosides Sakuranin is the 5-O-glucoside of sakuranetin. Metabolism ; biosynthesis Naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase uses naringenin to yield sakuranetin, with S-adenosyl-methionine as the methyl donor. ; biodegradation In compounds like 7-methoxylated flavanones like sakuranetin, demethylation followed by sulfation occur in model organism ''Cunninghamella elegans ''Cunninghamella elegans'' is a species of fungus in the genus '' Cunninghamella'' found in soil. It can be grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth, a liquid medium used for cultivation of yeasts and molds from liquid which are normally sterile. As ...''. References Aromatase inhibitors O-methylated flavanones Phytoalexins {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poncirin
Poncirin is the 7-O-neohesperidoside of isosakuranetin. Poncirin can be extracted from trifoliate orange The trifoliate orange, ''Citrus trifoliata'' or ''Poncirus trifoliata'', is a member of the family Rutaceae. Whether the trifoliate oranges should be considered to belong to their own genus, ''Poncirus'', or be included in the genus ''Citrus'' is ... (''Poncirus trifoliata''). References External links * O-methylated flavanones Flavanone glycosides Flavonoids found in Rutaceae Phenol ethers {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinocembrin
Pinocembrin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It is an antioxidant found in damiana, honey, fingerroot, and propolis. Pinocembrin can be converted biosynthetically to pinobanksin by hydroxylation In chemistry, hydroxylation can refer to: *(i) most commonly, hydroxylation describes a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group () into an organic compound. *(ii) the ''degree of hydroxylation'' refers to the number of OH groups in a ... adjacent to the ketone. Studies have shown that pinocembrin has potential as a drug to treat cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis as well as other diseases. See also * Pinobanksin References External links * Aromatase inhibitors Flavanones Flavonoid antioxidants Honey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naringin
Naringin is a flavanone-7-''O''-glycoside between the flavanone naringenin and the disaccharide neohesperidose. The flavonoid naringin occurs naturally in citrus fruits, especially in grapefruit, where naringin is responsible for the fruit's bitter taste. In commercial grapefruit juice production, the enzyme naringinase can be used to remove the bitterness created by naringin. In humans naringin is metabolized to the aglycone naringenin (not bitter) by naringinase present in the gut. Structure Naringin belongs to the flavonoid family. Flavonoids consist of 15 carbon atoms in 3 rings, 2 of which must be benzene rings connected by a 3 carbon chain. Naringin contains the basic flavonoid structure along with one rhamnose and one glucose unit attached to its aglycone portion, called naringenin, at the 7-carbon position. The steric hindrance provided by the two sugar units makes naringin less potent than its aglycone counterpart, naringenin. Metabolism In humans, naringinase is f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
