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EDP Cernavodă Wind Farm
The EDP Cernavodă Wind Farm is located in Cernavodă, Constanța County, Romania. It has 46 individual wind turbines with a nominal output of around 3 MW which delivers up to 138 MW of power, enough to power over 85,000 homes, which required a capital investment of approximately €200 million. The project was undertaken and commissioned between 2010 and May 2011. The substation control system is based on ABB Micro SCADA Pro technology using LON and DNP protocol communication with field equipment and IEC104 with two dispatch centres situated in Porto, Portugal and Bucharest, Romania, . The control and protection system was designed and engineered by Spanish company GEDLux Sistemas de Control. The EDP Cernavodă Wind Farm is the sister project of the EDP Peştera Wind Farm, a 90 MW wind farm which is currently operating and located east of the Cernavodă farm close to the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant and the Danube – Black Sea Canal. The wind farm is owned by EDP Renová ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cernavodă
Cernavodă () is a town in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania with a population of 20,514. The town's name is derived from the Bulgarian ''černa voda'' (черна вода in Cyrillic), meaning 'black water'. This name is regarded by some scholars as a calque of the earlier Thracian name ''Axíopa'', from IE *''n̥ksei'' 'dark' and ''upā'' 'water' (cf. Avestan ''axšaēna-'' 'dark' and Lithuanian ''ùpė'' 'river, creek'). Economy The town is a Danube fluvial port. It houses the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant, consisting of two CANDU reactors providing about 18% of Romania's electrical energy output. The second reactor was built through a joint venture between Canada's Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and Italy's ANSALDO and became fully functional in November 2007. The Danube-Black Sea Canal, opened in 1984, runs from Cernavodă to Agigea and Năvodari. The outskirts of Cernavodă host numerous vineyards, producers of Chardonnay wine. The largest winery in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEC104
IEC 60870 part 5 Gordon R. Clarke et al, ''Practical modern SCADA protocols: DNP3, 60870.5 and related systems'', Newnes, 2004 is one of the IEC 60870 set of standards which define systems used for telecontrol (supervisory control and data acquisition) in electrical engineering and power system automation applications. Part 5 provides a communication profile for sending basic telecontrol messages between two systems, which uses permanent directly connected data circuits between the systems. The IEC Technical Committee 57 (Working Group 03) have developed a protocol standard for telecontrol, teleprotection, and associated telecommunications for electric power systems. The result of this work is IEC 60870-5. Five documents specify the base IEC 60870-5: * IEC 60870-5-1 Transmission Frame Formats * IEC 60870-5-2 Data Link Transmission Services * IEC 60870-5-3 General Structure of Application Data * IEC 60870-5-4 Definition and Coding of Information Elements * IEC 60870-5-5 Basic Appli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EDP Renováveis
EDP Renováveis ( en, EDP Renewables, EDPR) is a leading renewable energy company registered in Oviedo and headquartered in Madrid that designs, develops, manages and operates power plants that generate electricity using renewable energy sources. EDPR was established in 2007 to hold and operate the growing renewable energy assets of parent company Energias de Portugal (EDP Group), Portugal's largest utility company headquartered in Lisbon. EDP Renováveis is the fourth-largest generator of wind energy globally. EDPR's business includes wind farms and, to a limited extent, solar energy activities. EDPR has continued to grow in recent years and is now present in 13 international markets (Brazil, Canada, Mexico, United States, Spain, Portugal, France, United Kingdom, Poland, Italy, Romania, Belgium and Greece). Geography EDPR operates in three broad geographic areas: Europe, North America and South America. Its internal composition is organized similarly, being divided into three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube – Black Sea Canal
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine before draining into the Black Sea. Its drainage basin extends into nine more countries. The largest cities on the river are Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade and Bratislava, all of which are the capitals of their respective countries; the Danube passes through four capital cities, more than any other river in the world. Five more capital cities lie in the Danube's basin: Bucharest, Sofia, Zagreb, Ljubljana and Sarajevo. The fourth-largest city in its basin is Munich, the capital of Bavaria, standing on the Isar River. The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through much of Central and Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant
The Nuclear Power Plant in Cernavodă ( ro, Centrala Nucleară de la Cernavodă) is the only nuclear power plant in Romania. It produces around 20% of the country's electricity. It uses CANDU reactor technology from AECL, using heavy water produced at Drobeta-Turnu Severin as its neutron moderator and as its coolant agent. The Danube water is not used for cooling of the active zone (nuclear fuel). By using nuclear power, Romania is able to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by over 10 million tonnes each year. The project began in 1978, and the power plant was designed in Canada by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited in the 1980s, and was contracted during the Communist era. The initial plan was to build four units, and schedule their startup from 1985 onward. A fifth unit was subsequently planned on the direct orders of Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu during a visit to the site. The plant's originally planned units 1 to 4 are in a neat line and unit 5 is offset due to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EDP Peştera Wind Farm
EDP may refer to: Organisations Companies * EDP Group, a Portuguese energy company * Electronic Dream Plant, a British manufacturer of electronic musical instruments * EDP Renováveis, a Spanish renewable energy company ** EDP Renewables North America, subsidiary of EDP Renováveis * EDP Brasil, a Brazilian electrical utility company Politics * English Democrats Party, a political party * Equality and Democracy Party, a former political party in Turkey * European Democratic Party, a centrist and social-liberal European political party Other organizations * ''Eastern Daily Press'', a UK regional newspaper * EDP Sciences, a French publisher Science, technology, and medicine * Emergency disconnect package, a unit used in oil well intervention * Energy–delay product in digital electronics * Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid * Estradiol dipropionate (EDP), an estrogen ** Estradiol dipropionate/hydroxyprogesterone caproate (EDP/OHPC) * ''Esquisse d'un Programme'', a mathematic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of the Danube River and the Bulgarian border. Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. The city became the capital of Romania in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (mostly Eclectic, but also Neoclassical and Art Nouveau), interbellum ( Bauhaus, Art Deco and Romanian Revival architecture), socialist era, and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of 'Paris of the East' ( ro, Parisul Estului) or 'Little Paris' ( ro, Micul Paris). Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes, and even Nic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe, and its Iberian portion is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain, the sole country to have a land border with Portugal. Its two archipelagos form two autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Lisbon is the capital and largest city by population. Portugal is the oldest continuously existing nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. It was inhabited by pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples who had contact with Phoenicians and Ancient Greek traders, it was ruled by the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porto
Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropolitan area, with an estimated population of just 231,800 people in a municipality with only 41.42 km2. Porto's metropolitan area has around 1.7 million people (2021) in an area of ,Demographia: World Urban Areas March 2010 making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal. It is recognized as a global city with a Gamma + rating from the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed Network Protocol
Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) is a set of communications protocols used between components in process automation systems. Its main use is in utilities such as electric and water companies. Usage in other industries is not common. It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment. It plays a crucial role in SCADA systems, where it is used by SCADA Master Stations (a.k.a. Control Centers), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). It is primarily used for communications between a master station and RTUs or IEDs. ICCP, the Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol (a part of IEC 60870-6), is used for inter-master station communications. Competing standards include the older Modbus protocol and the newer IEC 61850 protocol. History While IEC 60870-5 was still under development and had not been standardized, there was a need to create a standard that would allow interoperability between v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constanța County
Constanța () is a county ( județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța. Demographics In 2011, it had a population of 684,082 and the population density was 96/km2. The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) than the Romanian average. In recent years the population trend is: The majority of the population are Romanians. There are important communities of Turks and Tatars, remnants of the time of Ottoman rule. Currently the region is the centre of the Muslim minority in Romania. A great number of Aromanians have migrated to Dobruja in the last century, and they consider themselves a cultural minority rather than an ethnic minority. There are also Romani. Geography *Călărași County and Ialomița County are to the west. *Tulcea County and Brăila County are to the north. *Bulgaria (Dobrich Province and Silistra Province) are to the south. Economy The predominant industries in the county ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LonWorks
LonWorks or Local Operating Network is an open standard (ISO/IEC 14908) for networking platforms specifically created to address the needs of control applications. The platform is built on a protocol created by Echelon Corporation for networking devices over media such as twisted pair, powerlines, fibre optics , and RF. It is used for the automation of various functions within buildings such as lighting and HVAC; see building automation. Origins and uptake The technology has its origins with chip designs, power line and twisted pair, signaling technology, routers, network management software, and other products from Echelon Corporation. In 1999 the communications protocol (then known as LonTalk) was submitted to ANSI and accepted as a standard for control networking (ANSI/CEA-709.1-B). Echelon's power line and twisted pair signaling technology was also submitted to ANSI for standardization and accepted. Since then, ANSI/CEA-709.1 has been accepted as the basis for IEEE 1473-L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
