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Elephantopus Arenarius
''Elephantopus'' is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Several species are native to the southeastern United States, and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Uses ''Elephantopus scaber'' is a traditional medicine and other species, including '' E. mollis'' and '' E. carolinianus'', have also been investigated for medicinal properties. ''Elephantopus scaber'' contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group. Species ; Accepted species * '' Elephantopus angolensis'' O.Hoffm. - Angola * '' Elephantopus arenarius'' Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba * ''Elephantopus arenosus'' Krasch. - Brazil * ''Elephantopus biflorus'' (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil * ''Elephantopu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantopus Scaber
''Elephantopus scaber'' is a tropical species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to tropical Africa, Eastern Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. It has become naturalized in tropical Africa and Latin America. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Uses ''Elephantopus scaber'' is used as a traditional medicine. Different parts of the plant are used in traditional medicine of India as an astringent agent, cardiac tonic, and diuretic, and is used for eczema, rheumatism, fever, and bladder stones. ''E. scaber'' modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the production of TNFα and IL-1β. Chemical constituents ''Elephantopus scaber'' contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoids that contain a lactone ring. They are most often found in plants of the family Asteraceae (daisies, asters). Other plant families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure (), or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids, which takes place spontaneously when the ring that is formed is five- or six-membered. Lactones with three- or four-membered rings (α-lactones and β-lactones) are very reactive, making their isolation difficult. Special methods are normally required for the laboratory synthesis of small-ring lactones as well as those that contain rings larger than six-membered. Nomenclature Lactones are usually named according to the precursor acid molecule (''aceto'' = 2 carbon atoms, ''propio'' = 3, ''butyro'' = 4, ''valero'' = 5, ''capro'' = 6, etc.), with a ''-lactone'' suffix and a Greek letter prefix that specifies the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycle — that is, the distance between the relevant -OH ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Its capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half the country's million people. Panama was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Spanish colonists arrived in the 16th century. It broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, a union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela. After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the United States Army Corps of En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and Maritime boundary, maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of . An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city, San José, Costa Rica, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area. The sovereign state is a Unitary state, unitary Presidential system, presidential Constitution of Costa Rica, constitutional republic. It has a long-standing and stable democracy and a highly educated workforce. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agricultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantopus Dilatatus
''Elephantopus'' is a genus of perennial plants in the Asteraceae, daisy family (Asteraceae). The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Several species are native to the southeastern United States, and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Uses ''Elephantopus scaber'' is a traditional medicine and other species, including ''Elephantopus mollis, E. mollis'' and ''Elephantopus carolinianus, E. carolinianus'', have also been investigated for medicinal properties. ''Elephantopus scaber'' contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group. Species ; Accepted species * ''Elephantopus angolensis'' O.Hoffm. - Angola * ''Elephantopus arenarius'' Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba * ''Elephantopus arenosus'' Krasch. - Brazil * ''Elephantopus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the United States. It is located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately southeast of Miami, Florida, between the Dominican Republic and the United States Virgin Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Isla de Mona, Mona, Culebra, Puerto Rico, Culebra, and Vieques, Puerto Rico, Vieques. It has roughly 3.2 million residents, and its Capital city, capital and Municipalities of Puerto Rico, most populous city is San Juan, Puerto Rico, San Juan. Spanish language, Spanish and English language, English are the official languages of the executive branch of government, though Spanish predominates. Puerto Rico ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantopus Biflorus
''Elephantopus'' is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Several species are native to the southeastern United States, and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Uses ''Elephantopus scaber'' is a traditional medicine and other species, including '' E. mollis'' and '' E. carolinianus'', have also been investigated for medicinal properties. ''Elephantopus scaber'' contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group. Species ; Accepted species * '' Elephantopus angolensis'' O.Hoffm. - Angola * '' Elephantopus arenarius'' Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba * '' Elephantopus arenosus'' Krasch. - Brazil * '' Elephantopus biflorus'' (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil * ''Elephanto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantopus Arenosus
''Elephantopus'' is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Several species are native to the southeastern United States, and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Uses ''Elephantopus scaber'' is a traditional medicine and other species, including '' E. mollis'' and '' E. carolinianus'', have also been investigated for medicinal properties. ''Elephantopus scaber'' contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group. Species ; Accepted species * '' Elephantopus angolensis'' O.Hoffm. - Angola * '' Elephantopus arenarius'' Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba * '' Elephantopus arenosus'' Krasch. - Brazil * ''Elephantopus biflorus'' (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil * ''Elephantop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba is located east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both the American state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola ( Haiti/Dominican Republic), and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. The official area of the Republic of Cuba is (without the territorial waters) but a total of 350,730 km² (135,418 sq mi) including the exclusive economic zone. Cuba is the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Haiti, with over 11 million inhabitants. The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney people from the 4th millennium BC with the Gua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantopus Arenarius
''Elephantopus'' is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Several species are native to the southeastern United States, and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Uses ''Elephantopus scaber'' is a traditional medicine and other species, including '' E. mollis'' and '' E. carolinianus'', have also been investigated for medicinal properties. ''Elephantopus scaber'' contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group. Species ; Accepted species * '' Elephantopus angolensis'' O.Hoffm. - Angola * '' Elephantopus arenarius'' Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba * ''Elephantopus arenosus'' Krasch. - Brazil * ''Elephantopus biflorus'' (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil * ''Elephantopu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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